An Assessment of PIER Electric Grid Research 2003-2014 White Paper

This white paper describes the circumstances in California around the turn of the 21st century that led the California Energy Commission (CEC) to direct additional Public Interest Energy Research funds to address critical electric grid issues, especially those arising from integrating high penetrations of variable renewable generation with the electric grid. It contains an assessment of the beneficial science and technology advances of the resultant portfolio of electric grid research projects administered under the direction of the CEC by a competitively selected contractor, the University of California’s California Institute for Energy and the Environment, from 2003-2014

Calculating Great Britains half-hourly electrical demand from publicly available data

Here we present a method to combine half-hourly publicly available electrical generation and interconnector data to create a timeseries that approximates Great Britains electrical demand. Publishing the method and the data provides a resource to the wider community that can be further enhanced or adapted and allows the method itself to be considered and critiqued. The method adds value by combining transmission and distribution generation data into a single dataset and adding ISO 8601 compatible datetimes to increase interoperability with other data. The published data is therefore more useable by a wider group of researchers and stakeholders interested in an example of the rapid decarbonisation of a countries electrical system.Comment: 33 pages, 3 Figures, 6 table

Smart Energy Management for Smart Grids

This book is a contribution from the authors, to share solutions for a better and sustainable power grid. Renewable energy, smart grid security and smart energy management are the main topics discussed in this book

Optimal energy controllers of energy storage systems based on load forecasting for RTG cranes network

Given the increased international trading in ports around the world, there are significant challenges facing ports such as rising energy consumption and greenhouse emissions. The electrification of Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) cranes is one approach used to reduce gas emissions and fuel costs at port, but has also increased the electrical demand across the electrical distribution network. This will force port operators to reinforce the low voltage network to meet this increased demand and remain within the operating constraints. An energy storage system is one potential solution to increase the energy efficiency of the low voltage distribution networks whilst avoiding expensive reinforcement of the power system. This thesis aims to highlight and address the peak demand problem in the network of electrified RTG cranes and attempts to reduce peak demand and electricity costs by optimality controlling the energy storage system by utilising load forecasts. Since there is currently lack of understanding of the volatile demand behaviour, the research begins by investigating the unique characteristics of the electrical demand of the RTG crane. This understanding is a vital tool to develop an accurate forecast model and maximise the benefits of using an energy storage system through a control system. Several short-term load forecast models have been developed based on the ARIMAX and ANN models to predict accurate day-ahead electrical R TG crane demand. The forecast results show that the highly volatile demand behaviour creates a substantial prediction challenge compared to normal residential low voltage network demand. This thesis then presents the significance of forecasting the crane demand to improve the energy performance of an electrical distribution network with an ESS by employing several optimal controllers. The novel optimal control algorithms considered for the network of RTG cranes are split into: a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) with rolling forecast system and a Stochastic Model Predictive Controller (SMPC) based on a stochastic prediction demand model. The proposed MPC and SMPC control models are compared to an optimal controller based on a fixed load forecast profile and a common and standard set-point controller. Results show that the optimal controllers based on a load forecast have improved the storage device performance for the peak reduction and cost savings compared to the traditional control algorithm. Further improvements are then presented for the receding horizon controllers, MPC and SMPC, which better treat the volatility of the crane demand and the uncertainty in the forecasts. Furthermore, an economic analysis of the results for different ESS location scenarios is presented to assess their viability

Power Electronics Applications in Renewable Energy Systems

The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters

Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Survey of Challenges, Industry Applications, and Future Trends

With the increased energy demands of the 21st century, there is a clear need for developing a more sustainable method of energy generation, distribution, and transmission. The popularity of Smart Grid continues to grow as it presents its benefits, including interconnectivity, improved efficiency, the ability to integrate renewable energy sources, and many more. However, it is not without its challenges. This survey aims to provide an introductory background of smart grids, detail some of the main aspects and current challenges, and review the most recent papers and proposed solutions. It will also highlight the current state of implementation of the smart grid by describing various prototypes, as well as various countries and continents implementation plans and projects.Comment: Paper has been submitted for review to the journal Energy Reports (January 23, 2024). 58 pages, 7 figures, 7 table