Chemistry and Apparent Quality of Surface Water and Ground Water Associated with Coal Basins

Personnel of the Arkansas Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute conducted preliminary investigations on the chemistry and quality of surface and ground water associated with 12 coal-bearing sub-basins in the Arkansas Valley coal field. The coal field is approximately 60 miles long and 33 miles wide but only in 12 areas coal is thick enough and has proper quality to be termed commercial. Both surface and underground sample sites were established in each of the sub-basins with some minor variations in four areas where not all types of sites could be located. Water was collected from 19 surface points and 19 underground points in the established areas. Both field and laboratory analyses were made and elemental contents are reported herein. In the main, the chemistry and water quality suggests that all water is suitable for agricultural and industrial uses. To obtain potable water, treatment must be made to reduce calcium, magnesium, sodium sulfate and iron. The mineral content of the water is due to its contact with coal-bearing zones and, as such, reflects the mineral content of the coal. However, it is recommended that additional studies on the petrography and geochemistry of the coal, overburden and underburden is in order. Also, it is recommended that at least one detailed study be made of one of the coal sub-basins where geologic parameters can be completely established with regard to hydrogeology. This report is an important first step in determining the character and quality of Arkansas coal which must be fully understood to fully utilize this important mineral resource

Coal in Alaska requirements to enhance environmentally sound use in both domestic and Pacific Rim markets

This document originates from three meetings held in 1989 with the leaders of the Alaskan Coal Industry and coal technologists from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)~ Mineral Industry Research Laboratory (MIRL) and Geophysical Institute - University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, the Alaska Science and Technology Commission, several of the Alaska Native Corporations, and a number of coal experts from private industries. The information included is intended to illustrate the vast resource base and quality of Alaskan coals, show the projected size of the Pacific Rim steam coal market, discuss policy changes necessary to facilitate the development of an expanded coal industry, and describe the technology development needs for Alaskan coals to compete in the world market. It is aimed at increasing the general knowledge about the potential of coal in Alaska and providing data for use in marketing the resource.Prepared for the Governor and Legislators - State of Alaska under the Direction of Dr. Henry Cole, Science and Technology Advisor. Technical Editor - Dr. Warrack G. Willson, Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota; and Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Co-authors - W. (Bill) Irwin, Consultant, Calgary, Alberta; Dr. John Sims, Usibelli Coal Mine Inc.; Dr. p.o. Rao, Mineral Industry Research Laboratory; and Bill Noll, Suneel Alaska Corp

Miraculous Survival of Three Trapping Miners by Drinking High Mineral Mine Water for 25

Little is known that how long a human been can survive a complete starvation. There were dozens of miners who lost their lives in a coal mine disaster at Qinglong,Guizhou,China in June 2009, only three of them were rescued 25 days later after they had been trapped in a coal mine 600 meters underground. They maintained their lives only by drinking mineral water in the mine, which created a miracle of life. We reported here on this life miracle in relation to high mineral mine water

Balanced costs: Inland copper smelting location and fuel in South Australia 1848-76: Were they so naive?

Because it takes more than one ton of coal to smelt a similar quantity of minerals, and because coal is weight for weight less valuable than the mineral, it makes good logistical and economic sense to transport the mineral to the coal rather than vice versa. Yet in the 19th century at the Burra Burra mines, common sense appears to have been turned on its head. Not only was the smelter erected by the Patent Copper Company (later called the English & Australian Copper Company) located in South Australia, where at the time there were no proven coal deposits, but it was situated at Kooringa 160km inland from the main Port of Adelaide, and adjacent to the Burra Burra mines, thus making the decision seemingly even more illogical from an economic point of view. The paper sets out to examine the reasoning behind the decision to locate at the site.

DEVELOPING HALAL MINERAL AND COAL MINING LICENSES THROUGH A FAIR CRIMINAL SANCTIONS POLICY

In development destination from mining mineral and coal based on Pancasila which mandates existence appreciation balance fulfillment right basic humans to be able realize Justice social for whole group public in deep Indonesia Thing this related right fulfillment need source energy and at the same time right ecological justice . Mandate from this Pancasila then realized in goal stated national in the Fourth Paragraph Opening The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Implementation criminal in case publishing permission mining mineral and coal During this not yet amp realize Justice for public impacted , hal this seen with lightness threat sanctions in Article 165 of the Law Number 4 of 2009 About Mineral and Coal Mining that is not comparable with the damage environment because mineral and coal mines, as well as delete it Article 165 in Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Change First Of The Laws Number 4 of 2009 About Mineral And Coal Mining is clear will result in the more rampant publishing permission mineral and coal mining laden will the charge of KKN that will put aside Justice ecological for public affected. To use realize Justice in Thing implementation penalty criminal related deed publishing permission mining deviant and harmful mineral and coal public so already should Article 165 as regulated in Constitution Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mining Minerals are also preserved in Constitution Number 3 of 2020 even added heavy penalty criminal existing prisons and fines , even no only at legal level national but also necessary made by more applicable technical level policy area nor policy village , hal this so that every bureaucrat as holder power in Thing publishing permission mineral and coal can also behave fair especially for need ecological society . So that policy mining mineral and coal able realize Justice as has described above

Transparency of Regulatory and Public Participation of Law Number 4 Year 2009 of Mineral and Coal Mining in Indonesia

Mineral and coal contained in the Indonesian mining jurisdiction is a non-renewable natural resources as a gift of God Almighty who has an important role in fulfilling the lives of many people. If it is not managed properly, it  will keep the ideals for the greater prosperity of the people. as mandated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of NRI 1945. One of the principles in the management of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia is the principle of transparency and participatory. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this research is what legal considerations so that transparency and participatory been a principle in the management of mineral and coal and how the settings in Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. The type of this research is normative juridical analysis by using qualitative methods. The research found that the legal consideration that the transparency and participatory have been a principle in the management of mineral and coal mining is because Indonesia is a democratic constitutional state, where the fundamental principle of the pillars of the country's main law one of which is to observe the principles of transparency and public participation, so that the management objectives mining and coal for the prosperity and welfare equitably be realized. the setting of transparency and public participation contained in Article 2, Article 10 and Article 64 of Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. Keywords: Transparency, Public Participation, Mineral and Coal Minin

PROSPECT OF MINERAL AND COAL MINING POLICY

Mineral and coal mining policy is a subject that continues to receive attention in the legal and regulatory environment. This journal analyzes prospective mineral and coal mining policies through a normative juridical approach focusing on relevant regulatory aspects and legal implications. This study uses a normative juridical analysis method to evaluate policies that apply in the context of mineral and coal mining. This research gains an in-depth understanding of the existing regulatory structure by reviewing applicable laws and regulations, court decisions, and decisions of regulatory agencies. The results of this study indicate that mineral and coal mining policies have a solid legal basis and regulate various aspects, such as licensing, environment, labor protection, and corporate social obligations. However, there are challenges related to law enforcement, harmonization of regulations, and consistent implementation of policies. In response to these challenges, this study proposes several recommendations to increase the effectiveness of mineral and coal mining policies legally. These recommendations include expanding cooperation between relevant government agencies, improving regulations and procedures, increasing legal capacity, and strengthening oversight and stricter law enforcement. This research is expected to contribute to policymakers, legal practitioners, and related parties in developing more responsive, comprehensive, and effective regulations in maintaining the sustainability of the mineral and coal mining sector by taking into account related legal aspects.Mineral and coal mining policy is a subject that continues to receive attention in the legal and regulatory environment. This journal analyzes prospective mineral and coal mining policies through a normative juridical approach focusing on relevant regulatory aspects and legal implications. This study uses a normative juridical analysis method to evaluate policies that apply in the context of mineral and coal mining. This research gains an in-depth understanding of the existing regulatory structure by reviewing applicable laws and regulations, court decisions, and decisions of regulatory agencies. The results of this study indicate that mineral and coal mining policies have a solid legal basis and regulate various aspects, such as licensing, environment, labor protection, and corporate social obligations. However, there are challenges related to law enforcement, harmonization of regulations, and consistent implementation of policies. In response to these challenges, this study proposes several recommendations to increase the effectiveness of mineral and coal mining policies legally. These recommendations include expanding cooperation between relevant government agencies, improving regulations and procedures, increasing legal capacity, and strengthening oversight and stricter law enforcement. This research is expected to contribute to policymakers, legal practitioners, and related parties in developing more responsive, comprehensive, and effective regulations in maintaining the sustainability of the mineral and coal mining sector by taking into account related legal aspects

Arrangement on Authority Permits Issuance of Mineral and Coal Mining in The Era of Entry of The Act No. 23 Year 2014 on Local Government

The authority of mineral and coal mining permit had been a take-and-reject among the central government, local government, and districts/ cities. With the promulgation of the Act No. 23 Year 2014 as amended by the Act No. 9 Year 2015 about local governance, the authority of districts/ cities on mineral and coal mining permit was removed. The discussed issues are (1) Why does the Act No. 23 Year 2014 as amended by the Act No. 9 Year 2015 on local government authorize the mineral and coal mining to the central government and the provincial government? (2) What are the implications of law that can emerge without districts/ cities authority in mineral and coal mining permit? (3) How is the arrangement of the authority mineral and coal mining permit consistent with the principles of autonomy? This study employed the normative research with statute and conceptual approaches. The results of this study are, first, the mineral and coal mining authority, based on the Act No. 23 Year 2014 on local governance, is in the central and provincial government because of the tendency on centralized government system. In concrete terms, this can be seen in the Discussion of the Draft Academic Paper which is now become the Act No. 23 Year 2014 on Regional Governments of which did not include a discussion about mining but in Session Minutes of the Special Committee to discuss the authority to issue mining permit. Thus, the authority setting for issuance of mineral and coal mining licenses in the era of the enactment of the Act No. 23 Year 2014 on Regional Government does not seem democratic. Second, implications of law that can be emerged out of no districts/ cities authority in mineral and coal mining permit are: Third, the arrangement on authority permits issuance of the mineral and coal mining should be consistent with the autonomy principle. Keyword: Authority, Autonomy, Permi

Law Politics of Coal, Mineral and Mining Laws as the Embodiment of Environmental Justice

Law politics is a fundamental policy determining the goal of nation which will be implemented by constructing new act or by replacing the old ones. Law politics of coal, mineral and mining act supporting national interest might raise different legal interpretation on coal and mineral mining regulation. Concept of natural resources occupation by the state turns to be unclear. On the other side, article 3 of verse (3) states that natural resources occupation by the state should aim at people prosperity. Therefore, there should be proper reinterpretation on the concept of state occupation of natural resources which is in line with the development of law politics of coal, mineral and mining act. Furthermore, it should also be in line with on the spirit of Chapter 33 of Indonesian National Regulation of 1945 as philosophical foundation of law politics of coal, mineral and mining for environmental justice. Keywords: Law Politics, coal and mineral mining, environmental justic