Microwave TDR for Real-Time Control of Intravenous Drip Infusions

none5This paper explores the use of a microwave-reflectometry- based system for the automatic control and real-time monitoring of the flow and of the liquid level in intravenous (IV) medical infusions. In medical and hospital contexts, other kinds of devices, mainly based on the optical detection and counting of the infusion drops, are used. Nevertheless, the proposed system is aimed at circumventing some typical drawbacks deriving from the adoption of these traditional methods, thus allowing an efficient alternative for automatically monitoring the instantaneous flow of IV medical solutions. To this purpose, the proposed system combines microwave time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements with a noninvasive sensing element (i.e., strip electrodes directly attached to the external surface of the infusion bottle). Experimental results confirm that, by using low-cost portable TDR devices, the solution flow process can be controlled with acceptable accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method can be regarded as a promising control tool for in-hospital patient management as well as for telemedicine programs.A. Cataldo; G. Cannazza; N. Giaquinto; A. Trotta; G. AndriaCataldo, Andrea Maria; Cannazza, Giuseppe; N., Giaquinto; A., Trotta; G., Andri

PENENTUAN CAIRAN INFUS MASUK KE PASIEN SECARA OTOMATIS LEWAT PARAMETER BERAT MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN NIRKABEL

Infus intravena dengan metoda gravity drip IV delivery adalah salah satu perawatan yang paling umum diberikan kepada pasien, khusus yang sedang menjalani operasi, dalam keadaan koma, kasus demam berdarah dan lainnya. Pemantauan berkelanjutan pada pasien merupakan faktor utama untuk penentu kualitas hasil perawatan. Parameter pemantauan adalah banyaknya cairan infus yang sudah masuk ke tubuh pasien, dan banyaknya cairan yang tersisa pada sistem infus.  Informasi ini sangat dibutuhkan perawat untuk memberikan perawatan. Makalah membahas tentang inovasi untuk memonitor banyaknya cairan infus yang telah masuk ke tubuh pasien, dengan memonitor sisa berat cairan pada sistem infus. Volume cairan infus yang masuk ke tubuh pasien berbanding lurus dengan nilai berat hasil kalkulasi. Nilai berat tersebut adalah selisih berat awal cairan infus terhadap berat cairan yang masih tersisa dalam sistem infus. Perangkat ini menimbang cairan infus beserta kemasannya selama proses terapi, dan memonitor berkurangnya berat karena cairan telah masuk ke dalam tubuh pasien. Perangkat terdiri dari sebuah loadcell beserta strain-gauge, analog-to-digital converter HX711, single board computer Raspberry PI model 3B+, layar sentuh, dan jaringan nirkabel untuk menghubungkan dengan sistem pemantauan terpusat.   Intravenous infusion with IV drip delivery method is one of the most common treatments given to the patients, especially those whose undergo surgery, in a coma, cases of dengue fever and others. Continuous monitoring of patients is a significant factor determining the quality of care outcomes. The monitoring parameter is the amount of infusion fluid that has entered the patient's body, and the amount of fluid left in the infusion system. This information is vital to the nurses for providing care. The paper discusses the innovation to monitor the amount of infusion fluid that has entered the patient’s body by monitoring the weight of fluid remaining in the infusion system. The volume of infusion fluid that enters the patient's body is directly proportional to the weight value of the calculation results. The weight value is the difference between the initial weight of the infusion fluid and the amount of fluid remaining in the infusion system This device measures the reduction of intravenous fluids weights due to fluids that entering the patient's body. The device consists of a load cell along with strain-gauges, an analog-to-digital converter HX711, a single board Raspberry PI 3B + model, a touch screen and wireless network to connect with a centralized monitoring system

PENENTUAN CAIRAN INFUS MASUK KE PASIEN SECARA OTOMATIS LEWAT PARAMETER BERAT MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN NIRKABEL

Infus intravena dengan metoda gravity drip IV delivery adalah salah satu perawatan yang paling umum diberikan kepada pasien, khusus yang sedang menjalani operasi, dalam keadaan koma, kasus demam berdarah dan lainnya. Pemantauan berkelanjutan pada pasien merupakan faktor utama untuk penentu kualitas hasil perawatan. Parameter pemantauan adalah banyaknya cairan infus yang sudah masuk ke tubuh pasien, dan banyaknya cairan yang tersisa pada sistem infus.  Informasi ini sangat dibutuhkan perawat untuk memberikan perawatan. Makalah membahas tentang inovasi untuk memonitor banyaknya cairan infus yang telah masuk ke tubuh pasien, dengan memonitor sisa berat cairan pada sistem infus. Volume cairan infus yang masuk ke tubuh pasien berbanding lurus dengan nilai berat hasil kalkulasi. Nilai berat tersebut adalah selisih berat awal cairan infus terhadap berat cairan yang masih tersisa dalam sistem infus. Perangkat ini menimbang cairan infus beserta kemasannya selama proses terapi, dan memonitor berkurangnya berat karena cairan telah masuk ke dalam tubuh pasien. Perangkat terdiri dari sebuah loadcell beserta strain-gauge, analog-to-digital converter HX711, single board computer Raspberry PI model 3B+, layar sentuh, dan jaringan nirkabel untuk menghubungkan dengan sistem pemantauan terpusat.   Intravenous infusion with IV drip delivery method is one of the most common treatments given to the patients, especially those whose undergo surgery, in a coma, cases of dengue fever and others. Continuous monitoring of patients is a significant factor determining the quality of care outcomes. The monitoring parameter is the amount of infusion fluid that has entered the patient's body, and the amount of fluid left in the infusion system. This information is vital to the nurses for providing care. The paper discusses the innovation to monitor the amount of infusion fluid that has entered the patient’s body by monitoring the weight of fluid remaining in the infusion system. The volume of infusion fluid that enters the patient's body is directly proportional to the weight value of the calculation results. The weight value is the difference between the initial weight of the infusion fluid and the amount of fluid remaining in the infusion system This device measures the reduction of intravenous fluids weights due to fluids that entering the patient's body. The device consists of a load cell along with strain-gauges, an analog-to-digital converter HX711, a single board Raspberry PI 3B + model, a touch screen and wireless network to connect with a centralized monitoring system

Design and Modelling of Passive UHF RFID Tags for Energy Efficient Liquid Level Detection Applications. A study of various techniques in the design, modelling, optimisation and deployment of RFID reader and passive UHF RFID tags to achieve effective performance for liquid sensing applications

Sewer and oil pipeline spillage issues have become major causes of pollution in urban and rural areas usually caused by blockages in the water storage and drainage system, and oil spillage of underground oil pipelines. An effective way of avoiding this problem will be by deploying some mechanism to monitor these installations at each point in time and reporting unusual liquid activity to the relevant authorities for prompt action to avoid a flooding or spillage occurrence. This research work presents a low cost energy efficient liquid level monitoring technique using Radio Frequency Identification Technology. Passive UHF RFID tags have been designed, modelled and optimized. A simple rectangular tag, the P-shaped tag and S-shaped tag with UHF band frequency of operation (850-950 MHz) has been designed and modelled. Detailed parametric analysis of the rectangular tag is made and the optimised design results analysed and presented in HFSS and Matlab. The optimised rectangular tag designs are then deployed as level sensors in a gully pot. Identical tags were deployed to detect 4 distinct levels in alternate positions and a few inches in seperation distance within the gully pot height (Low, Mid, High and Ultra high). The radiation characteristic of tag sensors in deployment as modelled on HFSS is observed to show consistent performance with application requirements. An in-manhole chamber antenna for an underground communication system is analysed, designed, deployed and measured. The antenna covers dual-band impedance bandwidths (i.e. 824 to 960 MHz, and 1710 to 2170 MHz). The results show that the antenna prototype exhibits sufficient impedance bandwidth, suitable radiation characteristics, and adequate gains for the required underground wireless sensor applications. Finally, a Linearly Shifted Quadrifilar Helical Antenna (LSQHA) designed using Genetic Algorithm optimisation technique for adoption as an RFID reader antenna is proposed and investigated. The new antenna confirms coverage of the RFID bandwidth 860-960 MHz with acceptable power gain of 13.1 dBi.Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) and National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA)