Importance driven environment map sampling

In this paper we present an automatic and efficient method for supporting Image Based Lighting (IBL) for bidirectional methods which improves both the sampling of the environment, and the detection and sampling of important regions of the scene, such as windows and doors. These often have a small area proportional to that of the entire scene, so paths which pass through them are generated with a low probability. The method proposed in this paper improves this by taking into account view importance, and modifies the lighting distribution to use light transport information. This also automatically constructs a sampling distribution in locations which are relevant to the camera position, thereby improving sampling. Results are presented when our method is applied to bidirectional rendering techniques, in particular we show results for Bidirectional Path Tracing, Metropolis Light Transport and Progressive Photon Mapping. Efficiency results demonstrate speed up of orders of magnitude (depending on the rendering method used), when compared to other methods

Master of Science

thesisVirtual point lights (VPLs) provide an effective solution to global illumination computation by converting the indirect illumination into direct illumination from many virtual light sources. This approach results in a less noisy image compare to Monte Carlo methods. In addition, the number of VPLs to generate can be specified in advance; therefore, it can be adjusted depending on the scene, desired quality, time budget, and the available computational power. In this thesis, we investigate a new technique that carefully places VPLs for providing improved rendering quality for computing global illumination using VPLs. Our method consists of three different passes. In the first pass, we randomly generate a large number of VPLs in the scene starting from the camera to place them in positions that can contribute to the final rendered image. Then, we remove a considerable number of these VPLs using a Poisson disk sample elimination method to get a subset of VPLs that are uniformly distributed over the part of the scene that is indirectly visible to the camera. The second pass is to estimate the radiant intensity of these VPLs by performing light tracing starting from the original light sources in the scene and scatter the radiance of light rays at a hit-point to the VPLs close to that point. The final pass is rendering the scene, which consists of shading all points in the scene visible to the camera using the original light sources and VPLs

Artistic Path Space Editing of Physically Based Light Transport

Die Erzeugung realistischer Bilder ist ein wichtiges Ziel der Computergrafik, mit Anwendungen u.a. in der Spielfilmindustrie, Architektur und Medizin. Die physikalisch basierte Bildsynthese, welche in letzter Zeit anwendungsübergreifend weiten Anklang findet, bedient sich der numerischen Simulation des Lichttransports entlang durch die geometrische Optik vorgegebener Ausbreitungspfade; ein Modell, welches für übliche Szenen ausreicht, Photorealismus zu erzielen. Insgesamt gesehen ist heute das computergestützte Verfassen von Bildern und Animationen mit wohlgestalteter und theoretisch fundierter Schattierung stark vereinfacht. Allerdings ist bei der praktischen Umsetzung auch die Rücksichtnahme auf Details wie die Struktur des Ausgabegeräts wichtig und z.B. das Teilproblem der effizienten physikalisch basierten Bildsynthese in partizipierenden Medien ist noch weit davon entfernt, als gelöst zu gelten. Weiterhin ist die Bildsynthese als Teil eines weiteren Kontextes zu sehen: der effektiven Kommunikation von Ideen und Informationen. Seien es nun Form und Funktion eines Gebäudes, die medizinische Visualisierung einer Computertomografie oder aber die Stimmung einer Filmsequenz -- Botschaften in Form digitaler Bilder sind heutzutage omnipräsent. Leider hat die Verbreitung der -- auf Simulation ausgelegten -- Methodik der physikalisch basierten Bildsynthese generell zu einem Verlust intuitiver, feingestalteter und lokaler künstlerischer Kontrolle des finalen Bildinhalts geführt, welche in vorherigen, weniger strikten Paradigmen vorhanden war. Die Beiträge dieser Dissertation decken unterschiedliche Aspekte der Bildsynthese ab. Dies sind zunächst einmal die grundlegende Subpixel-Bildsynthese sowie effiziente Bildsyntheseverfahren für partizipierende Medien. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen jedoch Ansätze zum effektiven visuellen Verständnis der Lichtausbreitung, die eine lokale künstlerische Einflussnahme ermöglichen und gleichzeitig auf globaler Ebene konsistente und glaubwürdige Ergebnisse erzielen. Hierbei ist die Kernidee, Visualisierung und Bearbeitung des Lichts direkt im alle möglichen Lichtpfade einschließenden "Pfadraum" durchzuführen. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu Verfahren nach Stand der Forschung, die entweder im Bildraum arbeiten oder auf bestimmte, isolierte Beleuchtungseffekte wie perfekte Spiegelungen, Schatten oder Kaustiken zugeschnitten sind. Die Erprobung der vorgestellten Verfahren hat gezeigt, dass mit ihnen real existierende Probleme der Bilderzeugung für Filmproduktionen gelöst werden können

Efficient From-Point Visibility for Global Illumination in Virtual Scenes with Participating Media

Sichtbarkeitsbestimmung ist einer der fundamentalen Bausteine fotorealistischer Bildsynthese. Da die Berechnung der Sichtbarkeit allerdings äußerst kostspielig zu berechnen ist, wird nahezu die gesamte Berechnungszeit darauf verwendet. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir neue Methoden zur Speicherung, Berechnung und Approximation von Sichtbarkeit in Szenen mit streuenden Medien vor, die die Berechnung erheblich beschleunigen, dabei trotzdem qualitativ hochwertige und artefaktfreie Ergebnisse liefern

Autonomous Lighting Agents in Photon Mapping

proceedings of ISVC'05International audienceIn computer graphics, global illumination algorithms such as photon mapping require to gather large volumes of data which can be heavily redundant.We propose both a new characterization of useful data and a new optimization method for the photon mapping algorithm using structures borrowed from Artificial Intelligence such as autonomous agents. Our autonomous lighting agents efficiently gather large amounts of useful data and are used to make decisions during rendering. It induces less photons being cast and shorter rendering times in both photon casting and rendering phase of the photon mapping algorithm which leads to an important decrease of memory occupation and slightly shorter rendering times for equal image quality

Skeleton based importance sampling for path tracing

International audienceWhen working with large and complex scenes, situations arise where light flux takes complex paths to reach the observer. In such cases, traditional stochastic algorithms, like ray tracing algorithms, will have difficulties to compute noise-free images. Our present research aims to solve this problem using the 3d scene skeleton as a coarse representation. Indeed, curvilinear skeletons can be used to find light paths with higher energy. This article presents our research to use these skeletons for any ray tracing algorithm, allowing a knowledge-based choice when choosing light paths. Our method adds little computation time while producing a more accurate image

Sequential Monte Carlo Instant Radiosity

The focus of this thesis is to accelerate the synthesis of physically accurate images using computers. Such images are generated by simulating how light flows in the scene using unbiased Monte Carlo algorithms. To date, the efficiency of these algorithms has been too low for real-time rendering of error-free images. This limits the applicability of physically accurate image synthesis in interactive contexts, such as pre-visualization or video games. We focus on the well-known Instant Radiosity algorithm by Keller [1997], that approximates the indirect light field using virtual point lights (VPLs). This approximation is unbiased and has the characteristic that the error is spread out over large areas in the image. This low-frequency noise manifests as an unwanted 'flickering' effect in image sequences if not kept temporally coherent. Currently, the limited VPL budget imposed by running the algorithm at interactive rates results in images which may noticeably differ from the ground-truth. We introduce two new algorithms that alleviate these issues. The first, clustered hierarchical importance sampling, reduces the overall error by increasing the VPL budget without incurring a significant performance cost. It uses an unbiased Monte Carlo estimator to estimate the sensor response caused by all VPLs. We reduce the variance of this estimator with an efficient hierarchical importance sampling method. The second, sequential Monte Carlo Instant Radiosity, generates the VPLs using heuristic sampling and employs non-parametric density estimation to resolve their probability densities. As a result the algorithm is able to reduce the number of VPLs that move between frames, while also placing them in regions where they bring light to the image. This increases the quality of the individual frames while keeping the noise temporally coherent — and less noticeable — between frames. When combined, the two algorithms form a rendering system that performs favourably against traditional path tracing methods, both in terms of performance and quality. Unlike prior VPL-based methods, our system does not suffer from the objectionable lack of temporal coherence in highly occluded scenes

Sequential Monte Carlo Instant Radiosity

Instant Radiosity and its derivatives are interactive methods for efficiently estimating global (indirect) illumination. They represent the last indirect bounce of illumination before the camera as the composite radiance field emitted by a set of virtual point light sources (VPLs). In complex scenes, current algorithms suffer from a difficult combination of two issues: it remains a challenge to distribute VPLs in a manner that simultaneously gives a high-quality indirect illumination solution for each frame, and does so in a temporally coherent manner. We address both issues by building, and maintaining over time, an adaptive and temporally coherent distribution of VPLs in locations where they bring indirect light to the image. We introduce a novel heuristic sampling method that strives to only move as few of the VPLs between frames as possible. The result is, to the best of our knowledge, the first interactive global illumination algorithm that works in complex, highly-occluded scenes, suffers little from temporal flickering, supports moving cameras and light sources, and is output-sensitive in the sense that it places VPLs in locations that matter most to the final result

Efficient Many-Light Rendering of Scenes with Participating Media

We present several approaches based on virtual lights that aim at capturing the light transport without compromising quality, and while preserving the elegance and efficiency of many-light rendering. By reformulating the integration scheme, we obtain two numerically efficient techniques; one tailored specifically for interactive, high-quality lighting on surfaces, and one for handling scenes with participating media

Photorealistic physically based render engines: a comparative study

Pérez Roig, F. (2012). Photorealistic physically based render engines: a comparative study. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14797.Archivo delegad