5,904 research outputs found
Final Report on MITRE Evaluations for the DARPA Big Mechanism Program
This report presents the evaluation approach developed for the DARPA Big
Mechanism program, which aimed at developing computer systems that will read
research papers, integrate the information into a computer model of cancer
mechanisms, and frame new hypotheses. We employed an iterative, incremental
approach to the evaluation of the three phases of the program. In Phase I, we
evaluated the ability of system and human teams ability to read-with-a-model to
capture mechanistic information from the biomedical literature, integrated with
information from expert curated biological databases. In Phase II we evaluated
the ability of systems to assemble fragments of information into a mechanistic
model. The Phase III evaluation focused on the ability of systems to provide
explanations of experimental observations based on models assembled (largely
automatically) by the Big Mechanism process. The evaluation for each phase
built on earlier evaluations and guided developers towards creating
capabilities for the new phase. The report describes our approach, including
innovations such as a reference set (a curated data set limited to major
findings of each paper) to assess the accuracy of systems in extracting
mechanistic findings in the absence of a gold standard, and a method to
evaluate model-based explanations of experimental data. Results of the
evaluation and supporting materials are included in the appendices.Comment: 46 pages, 8 figure
Fluigi: an end-to-end software workflow for microfluidic design
One goal of synthetic biology is to design and build genetic circuits in living cells for a range of applications with implications in health, materials, and sensing. Computational design methodologies allow for increased performance and reliability of these circuits. Major challenges that remain include increasing the scalability and robustness of engineered biological systems and streamlining and automating the synthetic biology workflow of “specify-design-build-test.”
I summarize the advances in microfluidic technology, particularly microfluidic large scale integration, that can be used to address the challenges facing each step of the synthetic biology workflow for genetic circuits. Microfluidic technologies allow precise control over the flow of biological content within microscale devices, and thus may provide more reliable and scalable construction of synthetic biological systems. However, adoption of microfluidics for synthetic biology has been slow due to the expert knowledge and equipment needed to fabricate and control devices. I present an end-to-end workflow for a
computer-aided-design (CAD) tool, Fluigi, for designing microfluidic devices and for integrating biological Boolean genetic circuits with microfluidics. The workflow starts with a ``netlist" input describing the connectivity of microfluidic device to be designed, and proceeds through placement, routing, and design rule checking in a process analogous to electronic computer aided design (CAD). The output is an image of the device for printing as a mask for photolithography or for computer numerical control (CNC) machining. I also introduced a second workflow to allocate biological circuits to microfluidic devices and to generate the valve control scheme to enable biological computation on the device.
I used the CAD workflow to generate 15 designs including gradient generators, rotary pumps, and devices for housing biological circuits. I fabricated two designs, a gradient generator with CNC machining and a device for computing a biological XOR function with multilayer soft lithography, and verified their functions with dye. My efforts here show a first end-to-end demonstration of an extensible and foundational microfluidic CAD tool from design concept to fabricated device. This work provides a platform that when completed will automatically synthesize high level functional and performance specifications into fully realized microfluidic hardware, control software, and synthetic biological wetware
The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote)omics data
A main bottleneck in proteomics is the downstream biological analysis of highly multivariate quantitative protein abundance data generated using mass spectrometry-based analysis. We developed the Perseus software platform (http://www.perseus-framework.org) to support biological and biomedical researchers in interpreting protein quantification, interaction and post-translational modification data. Perseus contains a comprehensive portfolio of statistical toots for high-dimensional omics data analysis covering normalization, pattern recognition, time-series analysis, cross-omics comparisons and multiple hypothesis testing. A machine learning module supports the classification and validation of patient groups for diagnosis and prognosis, and it also detects predictive protein signatures. Central to Perseus is a user-friendly, interactive workflow environment that provides complete documentation of computational methods used in a publication. ALL activities in Perseus are realized as plugins, and users can extend the software by programming their own, which can be shared through a plugin store. We anticipate that Perseus's arsenal of algorithms and its intuitive usability will empower interdisciplinary analysis of complex large data sets
STEPS: Modeling and Simulating Complex Reaction-Diffusion Systems with Python
We describe how the use of the Python language improved the user interface of the program STEPS. STEPS is a simulation platform for modeling and stochastic simulation of coupled reaction-diffusion systems with complex 3-dimensional boundary conditions. Setting up such models is a complicated process that consists of many phases. Initial versions of STEPS relied on a static input format that did not cleanly separate these phases, limiting modelers in how they could control the simulation and becoming increasingly complex as new features and new simulation algorithms were added. We solved all of these problems by tightly integrating STEPS with Python, using SWIG to expose our existing simulation code
ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data
ImageJ is an image analysis program extensively used in the biological
sciences and beyond. Due to its ease of use, recordable macro language, and
extensible plug-in architecture, ImageJ enjoys contributions from
non-programmers, amateur programmers, and professional developers alike.
Enabling such a diversity of contributors has resulted in a large community
that spans the biological and physical sciences. However, a rapidly growing
user base, diverging plugin suites, and technical limitations have revealed a
clear need for a concerted software engineering effort to support emerging
imaging paradigms, to ensure the software's ability to handle the requirements
of modern science. Due to these new and emerging challenges in scientific
imaging, ImageJ is at a critical development crossroads.
We present ImageJ2, a total redesign of ImageJ offering a host of new
functionality. It separates concerns, fully decoupling the data model from the
user interface. It emphasizes integration with external applications to
maximize interoperability. Its robust new plugin framework allows everything
from image formats, to scripting languages, to visualization to be extended by
the community. The redesigned data model supports arbitrarily large,
N-dimensional datasets, which are increasingly common in modern image
acquisition. Despite the scope of these changes, backwards compatibility is
maintained such that this new functionality can be seamlessly integrated with
the classic ImageJ interface, allowing users and developers to migrate to these
new methods at their own pace. ImageJ2 provides a framework engineered for
flexibility, intended to support these requirements as well as accommodate
future needs
Undergraduate Research Forum 2015
The Undergraduate Research Forum highlights the valued tradition at St. Norbert College of collaboration taking place in laboratories, studios, and other scholarly or creative settings between our students and our faculty and staff, resulting in a rich array of scholarly research and creative work.
This celebration features collaborative projects that evolved out of independent studies, class assignments, and casual interactions as well as formal collaborations supported by internal grant funding
Automated troubleshooting for RTWP in 3G/4G RAN nodes
Nowadays, Mobile Network Operators are confronted with many challenges to operate and
maintain their network. Subscribers expect stable and perpetual services. Repeated
interruptions of services will result in the dissatisfaction of users and may lead to losing the
end user. One of the major issues facing a Radio Access Network (RAN) mobile operator is
coping with the uplink interference in their RAN, such as the Receive Total Wideband Power
(RTWP) in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) band. A frequently
occurring issue in such networks is the RTWP alarm. This alarm is reported in the Network
Operation Centre (NOC) and contribute to poor quality in the network . Such an alarm may
occur daily, thus impacting the network’s Key Point Indicator (KPI). The mobile network
operator always tries to resolve the issue of RTWP quickly by means of several processes and
strategies to diagnose and troubleshoot this issue, all within a target ‘Service Level Agreement’
(SLA). There are many different causes that can lead to an RTWP alarm in a mobile 3G RAN.
In addition, each of these cases has different diagnoses and troubleshooting methods. The main
idea of this project is to design a Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool to help the Front Office
(FO) or Back Office (BO) engineer in mobile network operator to check and troubleshoot the
RTWP issue in the network in a timely manner. The tool is designed to check the configuration
of the radio, based on the Huawei NodeB 3900 and statistical performance counters, and to
provide the correct decision for the engineer to improve the efficiency and minimize the time
taken to troubleshoot the RTWP alarm in the network. It is very useful to design such a tool
for interacting with the Huawei NodeB 3900. The GUI tool is thus basically designed to support
the engineers in Oman Telecommunication Company’s NOC while dealing with the RTWP
alarm in the Huawei NodeB 3900. The major finding of this study is the design of the GUI tool
to minimize the time taken to resolve the RTWP issue in the Huawei NodeB 3900 both in a
single site and in multiple sites, to conduct consistency checks for the software parameters, and
finally to identify the root cause of the RTWP alarm. The GUI tool shows an operation log,
which can be used by the administrator for maintenance records, and it also contains a help
guide that gives the user more information about the functionality of each button
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