Personnel/Human Resources Management: A Political Influence Perspective

It was suggested over ten years ago that new and different perspectives needed to be applied to the Personnel/Human Resources Management field in an effort to (P /HRM) promote theory and research and expand our understanding of the dynamics underlying P/HRM processes. Both theory and research are emerging which characterize important P/HRM decisions and activities substantially influenced by opportunistic behavior of both subordinates and supervisors. The purpose of the present review is to systematically examine the P/HRM field from a political influence perspective, reviewing existing theory and research and discussing future directions

Andrew Carnegie, World Making and the Logic of Contemporary Entrepreneurial Philanthropy

This paper focuses on the relationship between the business and philanthropic endeavours of world-making entrepreneurs; asking why, how and to what ends these individuals seek to extend their reach in society beyond business. We present an original model of entrepreneurial philanthropy which demonstrates how investment in philanthropic projects can yield positive returns in cultural, social and symbolic capital, which in turn may lead to growth in economic capital. The interpretive power of the model is demonstrated through analysis of the career of Andrew Carnegie, whose story, far from reducing to one of earning a fortune then giving it away, is revealed as more complex and more unified. His philanthropy raised his stock within the field of power, extending his influence and helping convert surplus funds into social networks, high social standing and intellectual currency, enabling him to engage in world making on a grand scale

Standing on Unstable Grounds: A Reexamination of the WLBT-TV Case

In 1962, the Jackson Nonviolent Movement began to change business as usual in Mississippi. The upstart organization, comprised largely of local teens, targeted prominent Jackson businesses, demanding that basic employment and consumer rights be extended to African Americans. They insisted that the segregation, degradation, and physical abuse grimly familiar to black consumers in the white marketplace be confronted and addressed. In the spring, when a pregnant African-American mother was verbally and physically assaulted by a white grocer, the Movement called a church meeting, distributed leaflets, and led a successful boycott against the store. Months later, this strategy was reemployed with a massive boycott of downtown businesses and the demand that Negro consumers ... [be] treated as they ought to be-as first class citizens (Salter, 1987, pp. 36, 56)

Explaining the Allocation of Bilateral and Multilateral Environmental Aid to Developing Countries

In this paper we examine how international development assistance for environmental purposes is allocated to developing countries. In particular, we investigate whether there are patterned differences between environmental aid for international public goods projects versus environmental projects having more localized impacts. We empirically investigate these questions using project project level development assistance data.International Development,

Where do electronic markets come from? Regulation and the transformation of financial exchanges

The practices of high-frequency trading (HFT) are dependent on automated financial markets, especially those produced by securities exchanges electronically interconnected with competing exchanges. How did this infrastructural and organizational state of affairs come to be? Employing the conceptual distinction between fixed-role and switch-role markets, we analyse the discourse surrounding the design and eventual approval of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation of Exchanges and Alternative Trading Systems (Reg ATS). We find that the disruption of the exchange industry at the hands of automated markets was produced through an interweaving of both technological and political change. This processual redefinition of the ‘exchange’, in addition, may provide a suggestive precedent for understanding contemporary regulatory crises generated by other digital marketplace platforms

High stakes and low bars: How international recognition shapes the conduct of civil wars

When rebel groups engage incumbent governments in war for control of the state, questions of international recognition arise. International recognition determines which combatants can draw on state assets, receive overt military aid, and borrow as sovereigns—all of which can have profound consequences for the military balance during civil war. How do third-party states and international organizations determine whom to treat as a state's official government during civil war? Data from the sixty-one center-seeking wars initiated from 1945 to 2014 indicate that military victory is not a prerequisite for recognition. Instead, states generally rely on a simple test: control of the capital city. Seizing the capital does not foreshadow military victory. Civil wars often continue for many years after rebels take control and receive recognition. While geopolitical and economic motives outweigh the capital control test in a small number of important cases, combatants appear to anticipate that holding the capital will be sufficient for recognition. This expectation generates perverse incentives. In effect, the international community rewards combatants for capturing or holding, by any means necessary, an area with high concentrations of critical infrastructure and civilians. In the majority of cases where rebels contest the capital, more than half of its infrastructure is damaged or the majority of civilians are displaced (or both), likely fueling long-term state weakness

The interaction of knowledge sources in word sense disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a computational linguistics task likely to benefit from the tradition of combining different knowledge sources in artificial in telligence research. An important step in the exploration of this hypothesis is to determine which linguistic knowledge sources are most useful and whether their combination leads to improved results. We present a sense tagger which uses several knowledge sources. Tested accuracy exceeds 94% on our evaluation corpus.Our system attempts to disambiguate all content words in running text rather than limiting itself to treating a restricted vocabulary of words. It is argued that this approach is more likely to assist the creation of practical systems

No Need of Gold — Alcohol Control Laws and the Alaska Native Population: From the Russians through the Early Years of Statehood

This study revises two manuscripts by Stephen Conn on alcohol control and Alaska Natives: "Alcohol Control and Native Alaskans — from the Russians to Statehood: The Early Years — Alcohol Control in Village Alaska" (1980) and "Town Law and Village Law: Satellite Villages, Bethel and Alcohol Control in the Modern Era — The Working Relationship and Its Demise" (1982) which were prepared under a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).Based on two earlier works by the author — "Alcohol Control in Village Alaska and Town Law" and "Town Law, Village Law" — this history traces the use of legal resources to control alcohol consumption among the Alaska Native population from the period of Russian domination through Alaska statehood in 1959 and makes a detailed examination of alcohol-related issues in Bethel in the decade immediately following statehood.Introduction / PART I / The Russian Period / The Military Period / The Navy and the Missionaries / The First Organic Act / The Revenue Cutters / Indian Police / Expansion of the Population and New Liquor Controls / Enforcement in the Early Twentieth Century / Teacher Missionaries / Renewed Efforts at Temperance / Beyond Prohibition / Influence of the Military / In the Towns and Villages / Implications of the Historical Review / PART II / The 1962 Meeting / The 1963 Meeting / The 1965 Meeting / Accidents and Deaths a Focal Point / Translation of an Interest into a Demand / Village Council Reaction to the New Rules on Drinking / 1967 Meeting / The Reign of Councils / The Problem from a Traditional Perspective / Conclusion / Afterword / FOOTNOTES / APPENDIX / Report of Governor of Alaska [1916]. Liquor Traffic Among the Natives / Arrests by Special Officers, Fiscal year ended June 30th, 1925 / Letter to Gov. Geo. A. Parks from Special Officer H.E. Seneff, July 1, 1930 / Letter to Gov. John W. Troy from Special Officer H.E. Seneff, July 1, 1933 / Excerpts from Fishnet 2 Council Hearings 1964–66 / BIBLIOGRAPH