Mediating between AI and highly specialized users

We report part of the design experience gained in X-Media, a system for knowledge management and sharing. Consolidated techniques of interaction design (scenario-based design) had to be revisited to capture the richness and complexity of intelligent interactive systems. We show that the design of intelligent systems requires methodologies (faceted scenarios) that support the investigation of intelligent features and usability factors simultaneously. Interaction designers become mediators between intelligent technology and users, and have to facilitate reciprocal understanding

UTAUT 이론을 기반으로 한 금융 투자자의 로보어드바이저 수용 의도에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2019. 2. 황준석.The advancement of information technology (IT) has ensured great success in most industries. In particular, AI (artificial intelligence), based on technologies such as big data and machine learning, has been applied to various fields and is making great changes. Technological innovations in the financial industry, often called FinTech, attract many investors attention. In particular, the advent of robo-advisors has made investment advisory services, which had been regarded as exclusive services for the rich, available to general investors. In the Korean financial market, this technology has not yet shown remarkable growth. However, many financial companies are trying to vitalize robo-advisory services because of the low cost of operation and recent deregulation by the government. In this market environment, it is important to identify and utilize factors that affect investors acceptance of robo-advisors. This study aims to identify factors that affect financial investors acceptance intention to robo-advisors using UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). In addition to performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence, trust and perceived risk have been added as independent variables. Age and gender have been used to analyze moderating effects. This study aims to contribute to the vitalization of the robo-advisory market and the popularization of investment advisory services.IT 기술의 발전은 대부분의 산업 분야에 커다란 발전을 가져왔다. 특히 빅데이터(Big Data), 머신러닝(Machine Learning) 등의 기술을 기반으로 한 인공지능은 여러 산업 분야에 적용되어 커다란 변화를 가져오고 있다. 흔히 핀테크로 불리우는 금융업계의 혁신은 많은 투자자들의 관심을 불러일으키고 있다. 특히 로보어드바이저의 등장으로 그동안 고액 자산가의 전유물로 여겨졌던 투자자문 서비스가 일반 투자자들도 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 국내 금융 시장에서 로보어드바이저 서비스가 도입된 지 얼마 되지 않아 아직 초기 성장 단계이기 때문에 눈에 띄는 성장세를 기록하지 못하고 있으나, 최근 저렴한 운영 비용과 정부의 규제 완화에 힘입어 다수의 금융회사들이 본격적으로 로보어드바이저 서비스를 활성화하고자 하고 있다. 이러한 시장 환경에서 투자자들의 로보어드바이저 서비스 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 밝히고 이를 활용하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 통합기술수용이론(UTAUT)를 활용하여 일반 대중의 로보어드바이저 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히고자 한다. 성과기대, 노력기대, 사회적 영향, 촉진 조건 외에 신뢰(Trust)와 인지된 위험(Perceived Risk)를 변수로 추가하고 나이와 성별을 통해 조절 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 궁극적으로는 로보어드바이저 시장의 활성화 및 투자자문 서비스의 대중화에 기여하고자 한다.Abstract iii Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review 9 2.1 Robo-Advisor 9 2.2 UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) 18 2.2.1 Precedent Research using UTAUT 22 Chapter 3. Research Design 24 3.1 Research Model 24 3.2 Hypothesis 25 3.2.1 Performance Expectancy 25 3.2.2 Effort Expectancy 26 3.2.3 Social Influence 27 3.2.4 Perceived Risk 28 3.2.5 Trust 29 3.2.6 Mediation Effect of Trust 31 3.2.7 Moderate Effect of Age and Gender 32 Chapter 4. Research Methodology 34 4.1 Data Collection 34 Chapter 5. Analysis Result 37 5.1 Reliability and Validity 37 5.2 Multicollinearity verification through multiple regression analysis 45 5.3 Results 47 5.3.1 Direct Effect on Acceptance Intention 47 5.3.2 Mediating Effect of Trust 49 5.3.3 Moderating Effect of Age and Gender 53 Chapter 6. Conclusion 58 6.1 Summary of Research and Implications 58 6.2 Limitations and Future Research Directions 65 Bibliography 66 Appendix 1: Survey Sheet 73 Abstract (Korean) 85Maste

A hierarchical distributed control model for coordinating intelligent systems

A hierarchical distributed control (HDC) model for coordinating cooperative problem-solving among intelligent systems is described. The model was implemented using SOCIAL, an innovative object-oriented tool for integrating heterogeneous, distributed software systems. SOCIAL embeds applications in 'wrapper' objects called Agents, which supply predefined capabilities for distributed communication, control, data specification, and translation. The HDC model is realized in SOCIAL as a 'Manager'Agent that coordinates interactions among application Agents. The HDC Manager: indexes the capabilities of application Agents; routes request messages to suitable server Agents; and stores results in a commonly accessible 'Bulletin-Board'. This centralized control model is illustrated in a fault diagnosis application for launch operations support of the Space Shuttle fleet at NASA, Kennedy Space Center

Professional Publics/Private Citizens: Human Rights NGOs and the Sponsoring of Public Activism

This dissertation examines the role of human rights Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in sponsoring public deliberation and activism. Activists who take part in an NGO’s campaigns encounter a system of genres that aligns their human rights literacies and discourse with the NGO’s ideological and organizational structure. The genres that activists use thus play a powerful socializing role, placing the discourse of activists within a complex context of organizational discourse that not only embodies specific human rights exigencies, but also specific organizational rationales for addressing those exigencies. Human rights NGOs, while often reflecting an ideology of a common, unified voice for human rights, are in fact heterogeneous networks of discursive agents that are linked together through complex interdiscursive exchanges. I argue that these rhetorical exchanges reflect a set of mediating rhetorical strategies that NGOs employ to translate their professional advocacy into terms and genres accessible to their membership and to their public activists. This analysis is developed from a case study of the organizational structure and discursive communities of Amnesty International (AI) and the influence of Amnesty‘s advocacy structures and techniques on the NGOs and social movements that lobby for human rights. Chapters one and two analyze the problem of discursive agency in discussions of global and transnational civil society, aligning critical discussions of the development of global public opinion with critiques of the growing professionalism of human rights NGOs. In chapter three, I trace the relationship of AI’s professional genres to the international institutions of human rights policy and law. Chapter four examines the activist genre system of Amnesty International and the role of professional discourse plays in framing opportunities for the activism of Amnesty’s members. I then turn in chapter five to an analysis of the multi-modal genres and web genres that AI has utilized to construct public awareness of its campaigns. Chapter six concludes the study by tracing out the implications of this analysis for theories of the public sphere and global civil society. I argue that genre analysis provides a means for understanding the social contexts, discursive agencies, and embodied literacies of contemporary public discourse

How Conversational Agents Influence Purchase Decisions of Online Fashion Shoppers toward Sustainable Consumption: Exploring Nudges for Green Decision-Making

With nudges, conversational agents (CAs) can be used to recommend environmentally sustainable products to individuals shopping online. CAs can thus influence individual purchase behaviors and have the potential to promote green decision-making. There is a lack of qualitative insights into how CA nudges might influence the purchase decisions of individuals in the specific context of sustainable fashion consumption – especially regarding customer perceptions of CAs trying to influence those decisions. We conducted an explorative survey with a qualitative online questionnaire of 79 fashion shoppers to determine how they think about CAs nudging their product choices and to derive propositions on how CA nudges should be designed to support green decision-making

Identity and the Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study of the Maryland State Legislature

Both politicians and the mass public believe that identity influences political behavior yet, political scientists have failed to fully detail how identity is salient for all political actors not just minorities and women legislators. To what extent do racial, gendered, and race/gendered identities affect the legislation decision process? To test this proposition, I examine how race and gender based identities shape the legislative decisions of Black women in comparison to White men, White women, and Black men. I find that Black men and women legislators interviewed believe that racial identity is relevant in their decision making processes, while White men and women members of the Maryland state legislature had difficulty deciding whether their identities mattered and had even more trouble articulating how or why they did. African American women legislators in Maryland articulate or describe an intersectional identity as a meaningful and significant component of their work as representatives. More specifically, Black women legislators use their identity to interpret legislation differently due to their race/gender identities