70,427 research outputs found
Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
The isolated electronic spin system of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centre in
diamond offers unique possibilities to be employed as a nanoscale sensor for
detection and imaging of weak magnetic fields. Magnetic imaging with nanometric
resolution and field detection capabilities in the nanotesla range are enabled
by the atomic-size and exceptionally long spin-coherence times of this
naturally occurring defect. The exciting perspectives that ensue from these
characteristics have triggered vivid experimental activities in the emerging
field of "NV magnetometry". It is the purpose of this article to review the
recent progress in high-sensitivity nanoscale NV magnetometry, generate an
overview of the most pertinent results of the last years and highlight
perspectives for future developments. We will present the physical principles
that allow for magnetic field detection with NV centres and discuss first
applications of NV magnetometers that have been demonstrated in the context of
nano magnetism, mesoscopic physics and the life sciences.Comment: Review article, 28 pages, 16 figure
Scanning nano-spin ensemble microscope for nanoscale magnetic and thermal imaging
Quantum sensors based on solid-state spins provide tremendous opportunities
in a wide range of fields from basic physics and chemistry to biomedical
imaging. However, integrating them into a scanning probe microscope to enable
practical, nanoscale quantum imaging is a highly challenging task. Recently,
the use of single spins in diamond in conjunction with atomic force microscopy
techniques has allowed significant progress towards this goal, but
generalisation of this approach has so far been impeded by long acquisition
times or by the absence of simultaneous topographic information. Here we report
on a scanning quantum probe microscope which solves both issues, by employing a
nano-spin ensemble hosted in a nanodiamond. This approach provides up to an
order of magnitude gain in acquisition time, whilst preserving sub-100 nm
spatial resolution both for the quantum sensor and topographic images. We
demonstrate two applications of this microscope. We first image nanoscale
clusters of maghemite particles through both spin resonance spectroscopy and
spin relaxometry, under ambient conditions. Our images reveal fast magnetic
field fluctuations in addition to a static component, indicating the presence
of both superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic particles. We next demonstrate a
new imaging modality where the nano-spin ensemble is used as a thermometer. We
use this technique to map the photo-induced heating generated by laser
irradiation of a single gold nanoparticle in a fluid environment. This work
paves the way towards new applications of quantum probe microscopy such as
thermal/magnetic imaging of operating microelectronic devices and magnetic
detection of ion channels in cell membranes.Comment: 22 pages including Supporting Information. Changes to v1:
affiliations and funding information updated, plus minor revisions to the
main tex
High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution
We present a novel approach to the detection of weak magnetic fields that
takes advantage of recently developed techniques for the coherent control of
solid-state electron spin quantum bits. Specifically, we investigate a magnetic
sensor based on Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in room-temperature diamond. We
discuss two important applications of this technique: a nanoscale magnetometer
that could potentially detect precession of single nuclear spins and an optical
magnetic field imager combining spatial resolution ranging from micrometers to
millimeters with a sensitivity approaching few femtotesla/Hz.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Fourier Magnetic Imaging with Nanoscale Resolution and Compressed Sensing Speed-up using Electronic Spins in Diamond
Optically-detected magnetic resonance using Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) color
centres in diamond is a leading modality for nanoscale magnetic field imaging,
as it provides single electron spin sensitivity, three-dimensional resolution
better than 1 nm, and applicability to a wide range of physical and biological
samples under ambient conditions. To date, however, NV-diamond magnetic imaging
has been performed using real space techniques, which are either limited by
optical diffraction to 250 nm resolution or require slow, point-by-point
scanning for nanoscale resolution, e.g., using an atomic force microscope,
magnetic tip, or super-resolution optical imaging. Here we introduce an
alternative technique of Fourier magnetic imaging using NV-diamond. In analogy
with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we employ pulsed magnetic
field gradients to phase-encode spatial information on NV electronic spins in
wavenumber or k-space followed by a fast Fourier transform to yield real-space
images with nanoscale resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV), and compressed
sensing speed-up.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figure
- …