Review of Materialized Views Selection Algorithm for Cyber Manufacturing

Technological advancement in data transfer and connection has driven massive data growth. Within the semiconductor cyber manufacturing environment, in order to cope with rapid data transfer enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, rapid query processing becomes a priority. Especially, in the era of Industry 4.0, semiconductor manufacturing that operates within cyber-physical systems (CPS) relies heavily on the reporting function to monitor delicate wafer processing. Thus, delay in reporting which is usually caused by slow query processing is intolerable. Materialized views (MVs) are usually used in order to improve query processing speed. Nevertheless, as MVs requires database space and maintenance, the decision to use MVs is not determined by time factor only. Thus, MVs selection is a problem that calls for an efficient selection algorithm that can deal with several constraints at a time. In this paper, we reveal the criteria of optimisation algorithms that were proposed to deal with MVs selection problem. In particular, this paper attempts to evaluate the coverage and limitations of the algorithm under study

Review Of Materialized Views Selection Algorithm For Cyber Manufacturing

Technological advancement in data transfer and connection has driven massive data growth.Within the semiconductor cyber manufacturing environment,in order to cope with rapid data transfer enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) technology,rapid query processing becomes a priority.Especially,in the era of Industry 4.0, semiconductor manufacturing that operates within cyber-physical systems (CPS) relies heavily on the reporting function to monitor delicate wafer processing.Thus,delay in reporting which is usually caused by slow query processing is intolerable.Materialized views (MVs) are usually used in order to improve query processing speed. Nevertheless,as MVs requires database space and maintenance,the decision to use MVs is not determined by time factor only.Thus,MVs selection is a problem that calls for an efficient selection algorithm that can deal with several constraints at a time.In this paper,we reveal the criteria of optimisation algorithms that were proposed to deal with MVs selection problem.In particular,this paper attempts to evaluate the coverage and limitations of the algorithm under study

Improving predictions of operational energy performance through better estimates of small power consumption

This Engineering Doctorate aims to understand the factors that generate variability in small power consumption in commercial office buildings in order to generate more representative, building specific estimates of energy consumption. Current energy modelling practices in England are heavily focussed on simplified calculations for compliance with Building Regulations, which exclude numerous sources of energy use such as small power. When considered, estimates of small power consumption are often based on historic benchmarks, which fail to capture the significant variability of this end-use, as well as the dynamic nature of office environments. Six interrelated studies are presented in this thesis resulting in three contributions to existing theory and practice. The first contribution consists of new monitored data of energy consumption and power demand profiles for individual small power equipment in use in contemporary office buildings. These were used to inform a critical review of existing benchmarks widely used by designers in the UK. In addition, monthly and annual small power consumption data for different tenants occupying similar buildings demonstrated variations of up to 73%. The second contribution consists of a cross-disciplinary investigation into the factors influencing small power consumption. A study based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour demonstrated that perceived behavioural control may account for 17% of the variation in electricity use by different tenants. A subsequent monitoring study at the equipment level identified that user attitudes and actions may have a greater impact on variations in energy consumption than job requirements or computer specification alone. The third contribution consists of two predictive models for estimating small power demand and energy consumption in office buildings. Outputs from both models were validated and demonstrated a good correlation between predictions and monitored data. This research also led to the development and publication of industry guidance on how to stimate operational energy use at the design stage

Translating the concept of sustainability into architectural design practices: London’s City Hall as an exemplar

This thesis is a Science and Technology Studies (STS) inspired exploration of the design practices that brought London’s City Hall (1997-2002) into being. The minister responsible for finding a suitable building for the Greater London Authority (GLA) ambitiously declared it to be an exemplar project of “environmentally progressive objectives, the principles of sustainability”. Since there is much contestation about how to enact such an ambitious agenda, I as a form of theory in practice retrospectively follow architects, engineers, clients and others through the complexities of design process to investigate how the concept of sustainability and environmental problems were interpreted from the outset and then transformed into environmental (and other) design challenges and targets in order to guide and align the diverse practitioners who worked towards materialising City Hall. In order to develop a better understanding of how environmental challenges were addressed during City Hall’s contingent and unpredictable practices, I draw on the concept of translation to analyse how design problems were defined in the joint action plan to house the GLA, how design practices expanded through the concurrent production of design knowledge and association of additional heterogeneous elements, and how City Hall increasingly took shape through negotiations, choices, conflicts, transformations and adaptations. Through many translations the design briefing, building forms, landmark building requests, technological devices, specific interests, environmental performance targets, facade specifications and many other issues became reciprocally modified, reordered and stabilised. I then use post-occupancy data to explore City Hall in operation (2002 to 2011) to develop an understanding of how its facility management produced knowledge about the headquarters’ environmental operations. Thus I develop an account to what extent environmental performance targets were translated from the world of the design studio to the world of actual building operations

Sport and the multisectoral approach to HIV/AIDS in Zambia

Sport is increasingly being recognised for the contribution it can make to the Millennium Development Goals and, in particular, the response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This study is based on Zambia, a low-income country, heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The study focuses on National Sports Associations (NSAs), which are quasi- autonomous organisations at meso level of policy analysis. Centring on three NSAs: Football Association of Zambia (FAZ), Zambia Basketball Association (ZBA) and Netball Association of Zambia (NAZ), this study critically analysed the organisational responses of each of the selected cases towards the HIV/AIDS multisectoral approach. The study adopted a case study approach which utilised semi-structured (face-to-face and telephone), interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis for data collection. Comparative analysis of all three cases revealed differences in how each case mainstreamed HIV/AIDS based on power, resources and forms of collaboration. Meso-level analysis was utilised to examine workplace HIV/AIDS policy formulation and implementation. In addition, meso-level analysis also helped reveal forms of health-related collaborations with both internal and external agencies. Macro-level theories of the state were useful in examining power relations between the Zambian state and civil society. The application of policy network theory, global health governance, multiple streams framework, and the top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy implementation proved useful in drawing attention to how each NSA case responded differently to the mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS. The political power of football as a national sport and the Association s access to foreign resources enabled FAZ to influence HIV/AIDS policy implementation and build of strong collaborative relationships with government than the ZBA and NAZ. The study concludes that lack of political steer from the top has re-introduced a new foreign top-down approach as those with resources from the Global North influenced policy formulation and implementation within all three cases. The conclusion also found useful the application of post-colonialism and development theories when examining international sport-for-development practices. This finding revealed the power imbalances between Global South practitioners and Global North funding partners

Organisational Space and Multi-locational Workers: A case study of the Forum Building at the University of Exeter

As businesses are becoming increasingly aware of their ever changing market environments; constraints and opportunities arise which result in organisations evolving and re-structuring accordingly. Therefore, their organisational spaces are evolving to follow suit. A theoretical shift has occurred in OT, from considerations of space as an ‘organisation’ to ‘organising’ viewing space as processual which involves an understanding of space as something which is continually produced and re-produced through social relations (Dale & Burrell, 2008). While in the past organisational space often referred to the interior space of an organisation, consideration of recent literature demonstrates that organisational space is not limited to the internal, but also includes the external space of an organisational building. The key points of the literature review are centred on the users in the space, as well as the materialisation of power through spatial design and space as an experience. A mixed-method approach of observation, interviews and a questionnaire are used to understand the Forum user; defined here as a form of multi-locational worker. The case study approach on the Forum Building at the University of Exeter is used to position a typology of University open workspaces in the wider context of open, public and communal [OPC] workspaces, with the intention of generating research directions that extend current theory. Key results of this study are the ‘unspoken reciprocity’ among Forum users and the importance of ‘visuality’; the act of seeing while being seen, in motivating individuals. Furthermore, the spatial elements of ‘flexible accessibility’, ‘flexible workspaces’ and active atmosphere are major contributors to making the Forum space an attractive workspace in the current University trend of ‘interdisciplinary spaces’ (Coulson et al., 2014; Temple, 2014). This thesis makes both a theoretical and methodological contribution to the organisational studies literature through the holistic case study approach to viewing organisational spaces. Through a socio-spatial perspective of multi-locational users’ perceptions of their changing everyday working environment, the research provides significant insight into the conceptualisation, design, operations and management of such spaces