0826: Carlton D. Buck Weaver Map Collection

This collection consists of 33 early American maps documenting the Trans-Allegheny region between 1631 and 1881 collected by Carlton D. Weaver. Sizes, formats, and printing processes vary greatly. Of particular note are maps featuring railroads and coal. Maps numbered 12 and 13 are high-quality reproductions; the others are original. To view materials from this collection that are digitized and available online, search the Carlton D. Buck Weaver Map Collection here

Map Collection

This collection features world maps with a focus on the Southeastern US. The collection was collected by the Russell Library and Special Collections. Many of these maps were orginally in the library\u27s circulating collection. The inclusive dates of this collection are 1588 to 2001.The bulk dates of this collection are 1900 to 1970. These materials vary in size with the majority being being oversized. The majority of the maps in this collections are orginal with a few reproductions

The Castle of Intelligence: Camp Ritchie Maryland and the Military Intelligence Training Center during the Second World War.

Abstract: During the Second World War, Camp Ritchie, Maryland played an important role in the training of intelligence soldiers. This camp was one of the many that taught men the various ways to gather intelligence on a battlefield. From aerial photography to prisoner interrogations, soldiers learned the skills required to gather information, make sense of it, and propose plans based on what they knew about enemy troop positions and movements. These skills would be put to the test once the men graduated their six months of intensive training, and were sent abroad to assist in the war effort. Despite Camp Ritchie being an important aspect of the war effort, not much literature has been produced on the activities of the camp and its men during the war. This paper will serve to provide a look at the role this camp played during the Second World War by exploring the paths of three men who were trained at this camp: Karl Hornung, William H. Bilous, and Edmund Winslett

A Comparative Study of the Political Question Doctrine in the Context of Political-System Failures: The United States and the United Kingdom

In 2019, the Supreme Courts of both the United States and the United Kingdom decided cases involving the political question doctrine. In Rucho v. Common Cause, the U.S. Supreme Court held that partisan gerrymandering claims raise inherently political questions because the Court was unable to discern judicially manageable standards for determining when a partisan gerrymander had gone “too far.” Whereas, in R v. The Prime Minister (“Miller”), the United Kingdom Supreme Court adopted a narrower view of the political question doctrine, unanimously ruling that although the case involved political actors and the royal prerogative, it did not present a political question. The Court then proceeded to decide the case on the merits, holding that the Prime Minister exceeded his authority in prorogating Parliament before the Brexit deadline. The response of the judiciary—whether to abdicate or to intervene—presents a study in stark contrasts. This paper evaluates Rucho by comparing the United States’ and United Kingdom’s respective political question doctrines through the lens of John Hart Ely’s representation-reinforcement theory of judicial review. According to Ely, the judiciary is uniquely competent to intervene like referees when one side gets an unfair advantage—not when the “wrong side” scores. Translated into legal theory, that means that when the political processes are undeserving of trust, either because certain groups are denied access or because representatives are operating in flagrant disregard of constituents’ interests, courts are fully capable of determining when the political branches have gone “too far.” Both cases illustrate why the Court’s duty to protect from state infringement individual liberties related to democratic participation is at its zenith when system failures denigrate the political process. In Rucho, the Court ignored this calling, abdicating its duty to intervene. Examining Miller reveals where the Court erred in Rucho: (1) Miller is an exemplar of the representation-reinforcement theory of judicial review, (2) Miller offers critical insights to contrast the Court’s approach in Rucho, and (3) Miller offers an example of “judicially manageable standards” for determining when a branch has exceeded the constitutional boundaries of its powers—a standard that the majority in Rucho so desperately seeks. At bottom, Rucho got it wrong—and Miller can help us see why.Comparative constitutional law, political question, gerrymander, prorogation, judicial revie

Say the Magic Words: Establishing a Historically Informed Standard to Prevent Partisanship from Shielding Racial Gerrymanders from Federal Judicial Review

In its 2019 decision in Rucho v. Common Cause, the Supreme Court closed the doors of the federal courts to litigants claiming a violation of their constitutional rights based on partisan gerrymandering. In Rucho, the Court held that partisan gerrymandering presents a political question that falls outside the jurisdiction of the federal courts. However, the Supreme Court did not address an insidious consequence of this ruling: namely, that map-drawers may use partisan rationales to obscure what is otherwise an unconstitutional racial gerrymander. This Note uses North Carolina as an example of a state with a long history of gerrymandering—both racial and partisan. Over the course of the last quarter century, the Supreme Court has repeatedly struck down North Carolina’s redistricting efforts as the product of racial gerrymandering. Nonetheless, when the State changed its strategy, arguing that it based its redistricting efforts on partisan goals, the Supreme Court in Rucho ultimately declined to review the constitutionality of the map, allowing it to stand. This leaves voters potentially unable to challenge redistricting where, as is the case in North Carolina, race and political behavior are closely aligned and the map-drawers claim that the map was designed to secure partisan advantage, even if racial demographics were central to their considerations. In effect, Rucho creates a “magic words” test that incentivizes map-drawers to sanitize the legislative record of references to race, in favor of references to partisanship, in order to insulate redistricting plans from federal judicial review. This Note suggests that the Supreme Court adopt a test to distinguish between racial and partisan gerrymandering using the approach the Court took in Flowers v. Mississippi—another 2019 decision. In Flowers, the Court placed great emphasis on Mississippi’s history of racial discrimination in jury selection in finding that the State had again violated the Equal Protection Clause in the case before it. Applying that logic to the issue of gerrymandering, this Note proposes a test that would presume that a challenged map from a state with a history of racial gerrymandering was a product of racial gerrymandering. The State would then face a high burden to rebut that presumption before the reviewing court could decide whether the case presents a political question under Rucho. The test this Note proposes would safeguard the right to vote, especially for Black and minority voters in states with histories of voter suppression and in so doing, ensure that the fundamentals of the democratic process are not subject to further erosion

Rediscovering the Maryland Darter (Etheostoma sellare)

The Maryland darter has not been observed since 1988. Historic populations were located in Deer Creek, Swan Creek, and Gashey’s Run all of which occur in the lower Susquehanna drainage. At these locations, specimens were collected or observed at the lowest riffle of the stream. Some researchers suggest this may be a large river darter. The Conowingo Dam complicates surveying below the facility due to the rapid fluctuations in water levels caused by regulation for power production. Surveying efforts included trawling in the mainstem, and visual surveys in the mainstem, and searching/sampling all historically known locations of Etheostoma sellare. During this study 153 Benthic trawls totaling 272.4 minutes of bottom time yielded no Maryland darters. Also 10,452 fish were collected from 4 tributary sites (3 historic and 1 new) yielding no Maryland Darters. In addition, during 307.1 man-hours of visual surveys no Maryland darters were observed. Considering the data from this study it is apparent that the Maryland darter has declined within its historical range. However, habitat assessment of new sites showed that habitat similar to E. sellare’s historical habitat still exists in the Susquehanna mainstem and tributaries. Additional surveys are needed to determine if the Maryland darter is extant

Application of Remote Sensing to the Chesapeake Bay Region. Volume 2: Proceedings

A conference was held on the application of remote sensing to the Chesapeake Bay region. Copies of the papers, resource contributions, panel discussions, and reports of the working groups are presented

American Square Dance Vol. 39, No. 6 (June 1984)

Monthly square dance magazine that began publication in 1945

Resource centres in secondary education with particular reference to teacher and pupil attitudes in selected secondary schools in Natal

Includes bibliography.Resource centres have been in existence for some 15 years in the most educationally advanced provinces in South Africa and for some six years where most recently established. Little has been written about them and consequently the role they play in secondary schools is not well-known. The present study set out to determine the attitudes of pupils and teachers to the resource centre, and the patterns of use. It was hypothesized that the resource centre would be an integral part of the implementation of the school curriculum; that it would be an indispensable element of individualised learning and that resource-based teaching would be in evidence rather than resource-based learning