Performance Evaluation of MPEG-4 Video Transmission over IP-Networks: Best-Effort and Quality-of-Service

The demand for video communication over internet has been growing rapidly in recent years and the quality of video has become a challenging issue for video transmission. Different types of video coding standards like MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 have been developed to support application like video transmission. MPEG-2 which requires high bit rate transmission has been successful video standard for DVD and satellite digital broadcasting. On the other hand, MPEG-4 supports low bit rate and is suitable for transmitting video over IP networks. In this paper, MPEG-4 Video standard has been used for evaluating the performance of video transmission over two IP networks:- Best-effort and Quality of Service (QoS). For both of the best-effort and QoS IP networks, peak signal noise ratio (PSNR), throughput, frame and packet statistics have been considered as performance metrics. The calculated values of these performance metrics reflect that video transmission over QoS IP network is better than that of the best-effort network. Keywords: video transmission, mpeg, ip networks, best-effort, quality of service, ns-

A medium to long term roadmap for access services on DTV

DTV4All is a project partly funded by the European Commission (CIP ICT Policy Support Programme) to facilitate the provision of access services on digital television across the European Union. Access services literally help their users access the content of television programmes. Important examples of access services for people who are hard of hearing or deaf are subtitles and deaf signing provided with television programmes to allow their users to more fully appreciate the programme dialogue. The primary aim of the DTV4All project is to encourage the roll out of access services on digital television across the EC. To do this the project targets eroding the barriers to the roll out of access services by making clear what these barriers are and how they may be overcome. This paper provides an overview of the progress the project has made in its first two years in meeting this target

Insignificant shadow detection for video segmentation

To prevent moving cast shadows from being misunderstood as part of moving objects in change detection based video segmentation, this paper proposes a novel approach to the cast shadow detection based on the edge and region information in multiple frames. First, an initial change detection mask containing moving objects and cast shadows is obtained. Then a Canny edge map is generated. After that, the shadow region is detected and removed through multiframe integration, edge matching, and region growing. Finally, a post processing procedure is used to eliminate noise and tune the boundaries of the objects. Our approach can be used for video segmentation in indoor environment. The experimental results demonstrate its good performance

Object Detection and Tracking using Watershed Segmentation and KLT Tracker

In this paper a moving object is extracted from a video using video object detection algorithm based on spatial and temporal segmentation The technique begins with temporal segmentation in which edge map is extracted using edge operator The initial binary mask is obtained by using morphological operation applied on initial edge map The next phase is spatial segmentation where gradient image is obtained by multi-scale morphological operator The modified gradient image is obtained by the operator applied over the current frame At last moving object is extracted by precisely and accurately by watershed segmentation which is performed on the modified gradient image Again morphological operation is applied on the output to get final binary mask This binary mask is then complemented to yield the contour line of the video object Using the binary mask the video object is extracted from the video frames After detection of video object the object tracking is performed using Kanade Lucas Tomasi KLT feature tracke

Video object watermarking robust to manipulations

This paper presents a watermarking scheme that embeds a signature in video objects for the MPEG-4 video standard. The different constraints associated with this standard are quite different from classical video watermarking schemes. The mark detection had to be achieved after different video object manipulations such as rotation or scaling operations. Principal component analysis and warping methods are used to enable the synchronization of the mark after geometric manipulations. The embedding of the mark is done adding an oriented random sequence and the detection of the mark is processed using a correlation criterion. The different results point out the fact that the presented scheme can detect the mark after bit-rate modification, object shape sub-sampling and geometric manipulations (scaling and rotations).Cet article présente un schéma de tatouage permettant de marquer des objets vidéo tels qu'ils sont décrits dans le cadre de la norme MPEG-4. Les contraintes liées à cette norme sont différentes de celles connues en tatouage de séquences classiques. Dans un tel contexte, la détection de la signature doit en effet être possible après diverses manipulations de l'objet vidéo telles que des rotations ou changements d'échelle. La méthode proposée utilise la forme de l'objet vidéo pour permettre la synchronisation de la signature. Cette étape est effectuée en utilisant des techniques d'analyse en composantes principales et de « morphing » de séquences de forme prédéfinie. L'insertion de la signature s'effectue ensuite par addition d'une séquence aléatoire orientée, et la détection s'opère par corrélation. Les tests appliqués sur des objets vidéo indiquent que le schéma présenté permet la détection de la signature après des opérations telles que la réduction du débit, le sous-échantillonnage du masque associé à l'objet, ou encore des manipulations géométriques (rotations, changements d'échelle)

Object-based video representations: shape compression and object segmentation

Object-based video representations are considered to be useful for easing the process of multimedia content production and enhancing user interactivity in multimedia productions. Object-based video presents several new technical challenges, however. Firstly, as with conventional video representations, compression of the video data is a requirement. For object-based representations, it is necessary to compress the shape of each video object as it moves in time. This amounts to the compression of moving binary images. This is achieved by the use of a technique called context-based arithmetic encoding. The technique is utilised by applying it to rectangular pixel blocks and as such it is consistent with the standard tools of video compression. The blockbased application also facilitates well the exploitation of temporal redundancy in the sequence of binary shapes. For the first time, context-based arithmetic encoding is used in conjunction with motion compensation to provide inter-frame compression. The method, described in this thesis, has been thoroughly tested throughout the MPEG-4 core experiment process and due to favourable results, it has been adopted as part of the MPEG-4 video standard. The second challenge lies in the acquisition of the video objects. Under normal conditions, a video sequence is captured as a sequence of frames and there is no inherent information about what objects are in the sequence, not to mention information relating to the shape of each object. Some means for segmenting semantic objects from general video sequences is required. For this purpose, several image analysis tools may be of help and in particular, it is believed that video object tracking algorithms will be important. A new tracking algorithm is developed based on piecewise polynomial motion representations and statistical estimation tools, e.g. the expectationmaximisation method and the minimum description length principle

Evaluasi Pengiriman Video Menggunakan Pengkodean Skalabilitas Spasial dengan Gangguan pada Kanal Internet

Video transmission over the internet can be a great possibility of the existence of lost packets (packet loss) and load variations in a large bandwidth. This is a source of network congestion can interfere with the rate of data communication. In this paper the proposed planning optimal error control in scalable video transmission to a video coding technique FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability), which is an improvement on the MPEG-4 video coding, which has outputs are scalable base layer and layer Enhanchement that have different sizes and rates, which the application will be adapted to the transmission network conditions, the ultimate goal is to minimize any distortion from the source to the destination. In the simulation yields a value Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) on the base layer of 29, 683 dB and 78,917 dB enhancemenet layer and the base layer for the MSE of 69,998 dB and 0,000834417 dB enhancemenet layer, Means Square Error (MSE) as the performance of the network system performance on video quality for both the base layer and layer Enhanchement