Análise técnico-económica de redes de acesso : ferramentas de decisão

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesO recente crescimento de consumo de internet e televisão por cabo desencadeou a necessidade de novas redes de acesso. O mundo das telecomunicações tornou-se num negócio competitivo entre as operadoras. As estratégias de competitividade são agora com baseadas em qualidade do serviço e na acessibilidade dos preços a todas as categorias da população. Para garantir estes requisitos é necessário inovar em equipamentos e meios de distribuição. A implantação de novas redes de acesso tornou-se crucial na sociedade, mas a recente crise económica mundial forçou um dimensionamento cuidado para garantir o máximo lucro possível no negócio. Portanto esta dissertação apresenta uma análise económica e financeira da implementação de uma rede HFC. Mostra a estrutura da rede e as suas características tecnológicas, além disso explica como lidar com problemas no dimensionamento da rede: a incerteza espacial associada ao processo de adesão dos utilizadores e como lidar com consumo em excesso de largura de banda, também causado pelos utilizadores. Por fim realiza o estudo da instalação da rede HFC em três tipos diferentes de cenários e expondo os resultados económicos obtidos, permitindo a conclusão sobre a viabilidade destes projetos.The recent growth in Data Traffic and Cable Tv consumption triggered the need for new access networks and the world of Telecommunications has become a very competitive business among service providers. The strategies of competitiveness are now based on quality of services and affordable prices to all classes of the population. To guarantee these requirements, an equipment and distribution facilities innovation was necessary. The deployment of Next Generation Access Networks (NGA) has become crucial in society, but the recent world economic crisis has forced a careful dimensioning to produce the most profit possible with small investments. This dissertation presents a techno-economic analysis of a HFC network implementation. The network structure and technologic characteristics are presented, along with explanation of how to deal with problems in the network dimensioning: as spatial uncertainty associated with the adhesion process of the users and the surplus consumption of bandwidth by them. Finally, the study of the network implementation in three different sorts of areas is shown and the economic results obtained are exposed, providing the viability of these projects

Serviços OTT TV: aspectos técnico-económicos

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesThe breadth of availability and variety of online video contents has helped to encourage a far more mobile experience, which has proved particularly popular among younger generations. Over The Top (OTT) services, particularly those on-demand video platforms, became more and more attractive to consumers when compared with the current main TV packages. This document describes how the video OTT Ecosystem works from a technical side. The description presented reaches both ends of the distribution chain: from how the video signals are acquired and processed, thru all the way to how they are delivered to the client, passing by the challenges and consequences that such services have on the network. The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the possibility to create in Portugal a new operator where the core business is video delivery using only OTT services.A amplitude e variedade de conteúdos disponíveis online têm ajudado a promover uma experiência cada ver mais móvel da televisão, serviço que se tem revelado particularmente popular entre os mais jovens. Serviços Over The Top (OTT), sobretudo aqueles disponíveis através de plataformas de video on-demand, têm-se tornado cada vez mais atraentes para os consumidores, em comparação com os atuais pacotes de televisão. Este documento descreve como funciona, do ponto de vista técnico, o ecossistema do vídeo sobre OTT. A descrição apresentada abrange ambas as extremidades da cadeia de distribuição: desde a forma como os sinais de vídeo são adquiridos e processados até ao modo como eles são entregues ao cliente, passando pelos problemas e consequências que tais serviços podem ter na rede. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é contribuir para compreender se é possível criar em Portugal um novo operador onde o core business seja a distribuição de vídeo utilizando apenas serviços OTT

An integrated broadband concentration/distribution network for multimedia application compatible with the Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) architecture.

by Ringo Wing-kwan Lam.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-[88] ).Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Multimedia Network Requirement --- p.2Chapter 1.2 --- 100-Mbps Network Proposal --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- Broadband Network on HFC Architecture --- p.4Chapter 1.4 --- The BEBP MAC Protocol --- p.5Chapter 1.5 --- Scope of the Thesis --- p.5Chapter 2 --- The MAC Protocol --- p.7Chapter 2.1 --- Fast Polling Protocol --- p.9Chapter 2.1.1 --- Round Robin Polling --- p.10Chapter 2.1.2 --- Binary Exponential Backoff Polling --- p.11Chapter 2.2 --- Protocol Design --- p.13Chapter 2.2.1 --- Lessons learnt from IEEE 802 LAN and Ethernet --- p.15Chapter 2.2.2 --- Protocol Data Unit --- p.17Chapter 3 --- Performance Analysis --- p.19Chapter 3.1 --- The Simulation --- p.19Chapter 3.2 --- Round Robin vs. BEBP --- p.24Chapter 3.3 --- Size of BEBP Network --- p.30Chapter 3.4 --- BEBP with Different Tx FIFO Size --- p.31Chapter 3.5 --- Limitation of the Host Bus Transfer Rate --- p.32Chapter 3.6 --- Performance with Different Packet Size --- p.36Chapter 4 --- Network Architecture --- p.40Chapter 4.1 --- Dual Bus Network Architecture --- p.40Chapter 4.2 --- Star Network Architecture --- p.41Chapter 4.3 --- Compatibility with Existing Networks --- p.42Chapter 4.3.1 --- Compatibility with 10BaseT UTP Star Network --- p.42Chapter 4.3.2 --- Compatibility with 10Base2 Coax Bus Network --- p.44Chapter 4.3.3 --- Compatibility with the HFC Coax Tree Network --- p.47Chapter 5 --- Implementation --- p.50Chapter 5.1 --- Physical Layer --- p.50Chapter 5.2 --- MAC Layer --- p.52Chapter 5.2.1 --- Continuous Mode Datalink --- p.53Chapter 5.2.2 --- Burst Mode Datalink --- p.53Chapter 5.2.3 --- The 9-bit Polling Commands --- p.54Chapter 5.3 --- Design of the NIC --- p.56Chapter 5.3.1 --- Transmitter Modules --- p.59Chapter 5.3.2 --- Receiver Module --- p.61Chapter 5.3.3 --- Serial Interface --- p.63Chapter 5.4 --- Design of the Hub/Router --- p.67Chapter 5.4.1 --- CUMLAUDE NET --- p.67Chapter 5.4.2 --- Hub/Router --- p.69Chapter 5.4.3 --- Concentrator --- p.72Chapter 5.5 --- Software - Device Driver --- p.73Chapter 5.6 --- Testing of NIC --- p.76Chapter 5.6.1 --- Packet Error Rate Testing --- p.77Chapter 5.6.2 --- UDP Transfer Rate Testing --- p.78Chapter 5.6.3 --- Other Applications --- p.79Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.81Bibliography --- p.83Chapter A --- Abbreviation --- p.89Chapter B --- Simulation Source Code --- p.93Chapter C --- Simulation Results --- p.98Chapter D --- Circuit Diagram --- p.122Chapter D.l --- Network Interface Card --- p.123Chapter D.2 --- Router/Hub - Ring A Module --- p.123Chapter D.3 --- Router/Hub - Ring B Module --- p.123Chapter D.4 --- Router/Hub - Hub Module --- p.123Chapter D.5 --- Router/Hub - Power Module --- p.123Chapter D.6 --- Concentrator - Back Plate --- p.123Chapter D.7 --- Concentrator - Hub Connecting Module --- p.123Chapter D.8 --- Concentrator - Node Connecting Module --- p.123Chapter E --- PLD Source Code --- p.132Chapter E.1 --- GAL20V8 for NIC --- p.132Chapter E.2 --- Lattise ispLSI for NIC --- p.132Chapter E.3 --- GAL20V8 for Concentrator --- p.132Chapter F --- DSP Program --- p.140Chapter G --- Device Driver --- p.144Chapter G.1 --- The Network Driver : nic.c --- p.144Chapter G.2 --- The Header File : nic.h --- p.144Chapter H --- Testing Program --- p.151Chapter H.1 --- Packet Error Rate Testing Program --- p.151Chapter H.2 --- UDP Rate Testing Program --- p.151Chapter H.2.1 --- Datagram Client : dgcli.c --- p.151Chapter H.2.2 --- Datagram Server : dgecho.c --- p.151Chapter H.2.3 --- UDP Client : udpcli.c --- p.151Chapter H.2.4 --- UDP Server : udpserv.c --- p.151Chapter H.2.5 --- The Header File : inet.h --- p.15

Major: Electronics and Communication Engineering

Today, information technology is strategically important to the goals and aspirations of the business enterprises, government and high-level education institutions – university. Universities are facing new challenges with the emerging global economy characterized by the importance of providing faster communication services and improving the productivity and effectiveness of individuals. New challenges such as provides an information network that supports the demands and diversification of university issues. A new network architecture, which is a set of design principles for build a network, is one of the pillar bases. It is the cornerstone that enables the university’s faculty, researchers, students, administrators, and staff to discover, learn, reach out, and serve society. This thesis focuses on the network architecture definitions and fundamental components. Three most important characteristics of high-quality architecture are that: it’s open network architecture; it’s service-oriented characteristics and is an IP network based on packets. There are four important components in the architecture, which are: Services and Network Management, Network Control, Core Switching and Edge Access. The theoretical contribution of this study is a reference model Architecture of University Campus Network that can be followed or adapted to build a robust yet flexible network that respond next generation requirements. The results found are relevant to provide an important complete reference guide to the process of building campus network which nowadays play a very important role. Respectively, the research gives university networks a structured modular model that is reliable, robust and can easily grow

Leveraging Kubernetes in Edge-Native Cable Access Convergence

Public clouds provide infrastructure services and deployment frameworks for modern cloud-native applications. As the cloud-native paradigm has matured, containerization, orchestration and Kubernetes have become its fundamental building blocks. For the next step of cloud-native, an interest to extend it to the edge computing is emerging. Primary reasons for this are low-latency use cases and the desire to have uniformity in cloud-edge continuum. Cable access networks as specialized type of edge networks are not exception here. As the cable industry transitions to distributed architectures and plans the next steps to virtualize its on-premise network functions, there are opportunities to achieve synergy advantages from convergence of access technologies and services. Distributed cable networks deploy resource-constrained devices like RPDs and RMDs deep in the edge networks. These devices can be redesigned to support more than one access technology and to provide computing services for other edge tenants with MEC-like architectures. Both of these cases benefit from virtualization. It is here where cable access convergence and cloud-native transition to edge-native intersect. However, adapting cloud-native in the edge presents a challenge, since cloud-native container runtimes and native Kubernetes are not optimal solutions in diverse edge environments. Therefore, this thesis takes as its goal to describe current landscape of lightweight cloud-native runtimes and tools targeting the edge. While edge-native as a concept is taking its first steps, tools like KubeEdge, K3s and Virtual Kubelet can be seen as the most mature reference projects for edge-compatible solution types. Furthermore, as the container runtimes are not yet fully edge-ready, WebAssembly seems like a promising alternative runtime for lightweight, portable and secure Kubernetes compatible workloads

Alternate high speed network access for the last mile

Existing copper wire infrastructure no longer provides the required bandwidth for today's bandwidth -intense Internet applications. Homes and businesses in the last mile require the same access speeds offer by fiber optic cables. It is however, economically infeasible to bring fiber optic cable to each and every house and business in t he last mile. Free Space Optics and IEEE 802.11 are two technologies that offer high -speed capability and are potential last mile network access option. Free Space Optics uses lasers and IEEE 802.11 uses radio waves to send large amounts of data from one place to another. Both are wireless and uses license-free frequency band for transmission. Both are quickly deployable, easily scalable and cheaper to install and upgrade compared to wired infrastructures. These characteristics support applications that require high bandwidth and high degree of mobility, which are common in the military and civil networks. This thesis addresses the last mile problem and the current available access technologies which are unable to provide a high speed solution. Free Space Optics and IEEE 802.11 wireless technologies are explored and applied to a fictitious city for an economic analysis as possible high-speed network access method.http://archive.org/details/alternatehighspe109453616Captain, Singapore ArmyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Software Defined Applications in Cellular and Optical Networks

abstract: Small wireless cells have the potential to overcome bottlenecks in wireless access through the sharing of spectrum resources. A novel access backhaul network architecture based on a Smart Gateway (Sm-GW) between the small cell base stations, e.g., LTE eNBs, and the conventional backhaul gateways, e.g., LTE Servicing/Packet Gateways (S/P-GWs) has been introduced to address the bottleneck. The Sm-GW flexibly schedules uplink transmissions for the eNBs. Based on software defined networking (SDN) a management mechanism that allows multiple operator to flexibly inter-operate via multiple Sm-GWs with a multitude of small cells has been proposed. This dissertation also comprehensively survey the studies that examine the SDN paradigm in optical networks. Along with the PHY functional split improvements, the performance of Distributed Converged Cable Access Platform (DCCAP) in the cable architectures especially for the Remote-PHY and Remote-MACPHY nodes has been evaluated. In the PHY functional split, in addition to the re-use of infrastructure with a common FFT module for multiple technologies, a novel cross functional split interaction to cache the repetitive QAM symbols across time at the remote node to reduce the transmission rate requirement of the fronthaul link has been proposed.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 201