2,506 research outputs found
Intermediate problems in modular circuits satisfiability
In arXiv:1710.08163 a generalization of Boolean circuits to arbitrary finite
algebras had been introduced and applied to sketch P versus NP-complete
borderline for circuits satisfiability over algebras from congruence modular
varieties. However the problem for nilpotent (which had not been shown to be
NP-hard) but not supernilpotent algebras (which had been shown to be polynomial
time) remained open.
In this paper we provide a broad class of examples, lying in this grey area,
and show that, under the Exponential Time Hypothesis and Strong Exponential
Size Hypothesis (saying that Boolean circuits need exponentially many modular
counting gates to produce boolean conjunctions of any arity), satisfiability
over these algebras have intermediate complexity between and , where measures how much a nilpotent algebra
fails to be supernilpotent. We also sketch how these examples could be used as
paradigms to fill the nilpotent versus supernilpotent gap in general.
Our examples are striking in view of the natural strong connections between
circuits satisfiability and Constraint Satisfaction Problem for which the
dichotomy had been shown by Bulatov and Zhuk
Depth Reduction for Circuits with a Single Layer of Modular Counting Gates
We consider the class of constant depth AND/OR circuits augmented with
a layer of modular counting gates at the bottom layer, i.e circuits. We show that the following
holds for several types of gates : by adding a gate of type at
the output, it is possible to obtain an equivalent randomized depth 2
circuit of quasipolynomial size consisting of a gate of type at
the output and a layer of modular counting gates, i.e circuits. The types of gates we consider are modular
counting gates and threshold-style gates. For all of these, strong
lower bounds are known for (deterministic)
circuits
Bounded Depth Circuits with Weighted Symmetric Gates: Satisfiability, Lower Bounds and Compression
A Boolean function f:{0,1}^n -> {0,1} is weighted symmetric if there exist a function g: Z -> {0,1} and integers w_0, w_1, ..., w_n such that f(x_1, ...,x_n) = g(w_0+sum_{i=1}^n w_i x_i) holds.
In this paper, we present algorithms for the circuit satisfiability problem of bounded depth circuits with AND, OR, NOT gates and a limited number of weighted symmetric gates. Our algorithms run in time super-polynomially faster than 2^n even when the number of gates is super-polynomial and the maximum weight of symmetric gates is nearly exponential. With an additional trick, we give an algorithm for the maximum satisfiability problem that runs in time poly(n^t)*2^{n-n^{1/O(t)}} for instances with n variables, O(n^t) clauses and arbitrary weights. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first moderately exponential time algorithm even for Max 2SAT instances with arbitrary weights.
Through the analysis of our algorithms, we obtain average-case lower bounds and compression algorithms for such circuits and worst-case lower bounds for majority votes of such circuits, where all the lower bounds are against the generalized Andreev function. Our average-case lower bounds might be of independent interest in the sense that previous ones for similar circuits with arbitrary symmetric gates rely on communication complexity lower bounds while ours are based on the restriction method
On the Role of Hadamard Gates in Quantum Circuits
We study a reduced quantum circuit computation paradigm in which the only
allowable gates either permute the computational basis states or else apply a
"global Hadamard operation", i.e. apply a Hadamard operation to every qubit
simultaneously. In this model, we discuss complexity bounds (lower-bounding the
number of global Hadamard operations) for common quantum algorithms : we
illustrate upper bounds for Shor's Algorithm, and prove lower bounds for
Grover's Algorithm. We also use our formalism to display a gate that is neither
quantum-universal nor classically simulable, on the assumption that Integer
Factoring is not in BPP.Comment: 16 pages, last section clarified, typos corrected, references added,
minor rewordin
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