2 research outputs found

    Techniques for cold-starting context-aware mobile recommender systems for tourism

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    Abstract. Novel research works in recommender systems have illustrated the benefits of exploiting contextual information, such as the time and location of a suggested place of interest, in order to better predict the user ratings and produce more relevant recommendations. But, when deploying a context-aware system one must put in place techniques for operating in the cold-start phase, i.e., when no or few ratings are available for the items listed in the system catalogue and it is therefore hard to predict the missing ratings and compose relevant recommendations. This problem has not been directly tackled in previous research. Hence, in order to address it, we have designed and implemented several novel algorithmic components and interface elements in a fully operational points of interest (POI) mobile recommender system (STS). In particular, in this article we illustrate the benefits brought by using the user personality and active learning techniques. We have developed two extended versions of the matrix factorisation algorithm to identify what items the users could and should rate and to compose personalised recommendations. While context-aware recommender systems have been mostly evaluated offline, a testing scenario that suffers from many limitations, in our analysis we evaluate the proposed system in live user studies where the graphical user interface and the full interaction design play a major role. We have measured the system effectiveness in terms of several metrics such as: the quality and quantity of acquired ratings-in-context, the recommendation accuracy (MAE), the system precision, the perceived recommendation quality, the user choice satisfaction, and the system usability. The obtained results confirm that the proposed techniques can effectively overcome the identified cold-start problem

    Exploiting distributional semantics for content-based and context-aware recommendation

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    During the last decade, the use of recommender systems has been increasingly growing to the point that, nowadays, the success of many well-known services depends on these technologies. Recommenders Systems help people to tackle the choice overload problem by effectively presenting new content adapted to the user驴s preferences. However, current recommendation algorithms commonly suffer from data sparsity, which refers to the incapability of producing acceptable recommendations until a minimum amount of users驴 ratings are available for training the prediction models. This thesis investigates how the distributional semantics of concepts describing the entities of the recommendation space can be exploited to mitigate the data-sparsity problem and improve the prediction accuracy with respect to state-of-the-art recommendation techniques. The fundamental idea behind distributional semantics is that concepts repeatedly co-occurring in the same context or usage tend to be related. In this thesis, we propose and evaluate two novel semantically-enhanced prediction models that address the sparsity-related limitations: (1) a content-based approach, which exploits the distributional semantics of item驴s attributes during item and user-profile matching, and (2) a context-aware recommendation approach that exploits the distributional semantics of contextual conditions during context modeling. We demonstrate in an exhaustive experimental evaluation that the proposed algorithms outperform state-of-the-art ones, especially when data are sparse. Finally, this thesis presents a recommendation framework, which extends the widespread machine learning library Apache Mahout, including all the proposed and evaluated recommendation algorithms as well as a tool for offline evaluation and meta-parameter optimization. The framework has been developed to allow other researchers to reproduce the described evaluation experiments and make new progress on the Recommender Systems field easierDurant l'煤ltima d猫cada, l'煤s dels sistemes de recomanaci贸 s'ha vist incrementat fins al punt que, actualment, l'猫xit de molts dels serveis web m茅s coneguts dep猫n en aquesta tecnologia. Els Sistemes de Recomanaci贸 ajuden als usuaris a trobar els productes o serveis que m茅s s驴adeq眉en als seus interessos i prefer猫ncies. Una gran limitaci贸 dels algoritmes de recomanaci贸 actuals 茅s el problema de "data-sparsity", que es refereix a la incapacitat d'aquests sistemes de generar recomanacions precises fins que un cert nombre de votacions d'usuari 茅s disponible per entrenar els models de predicci贸. Per mitigar aquest problema i millorar aix铆 la precisi贸 de predicci贸 de les t猫cniques de recomanaci贸 que conformen l'estat de l'art, en aquesta tesi hem investigat diferents maneres d'aprofitar la sem脿ntica distribucional dels conceptes que descriuen les entitats que conformen l'espai del problema de la recomanaci贸, principalment, els objectes a recomanar i la informaci贸 contextual. En la sem脿ntica distribucional s'assumeix la seg眉ent hipotesi: conceptes que coincideixen repetidament en el mateix context o 煤s tendeixen a estar sem脿nticament relacionats. Concretament, en aquesta tesi hem proposat i avaluat dos algoritmes de recomanaci贸 que fan 煤s de la sem脿ntica distribucional per mitigar el problem de "data-sparsity": (1) un model basat en contingut que explota les similituds distribucionals dels atributs que representen els objectes a recomanar durant el c脿lcul de la correspond猫ncia entre els perfils d'usuari i dels objectes; (2) un model de recomanaci贸 contextual que fa 煤s de les similituds distribucionals entre condicions contextuals durant la representaci贸 del context. Mitjan莽ant una avaluaci贸 experimental exhaustiva dels models de recomanaci贸 proposats hem demostrat la seva efectivitat en situacions de falta de dades, confirmant que poden millorar la precisi贸 d'algoritmes que conformen l'estat de l'art. Finalment, aquesta tesi presenta una llibreria pel desenvolupament i avaluaci贸 d'algoritmes de recomanaci贸 com una extensi贸 de la llibreria de "Machine Learning" Apache Mahout, 脿mpliament utilitzada en el camp del Machine Learning. La nostra extensi贸 inclou tots els algoritmes de recomanaci贸 avaluats en aquesta tesi, aix铆 com una eina per facilitar l'avaluaci贸 experimental dels algoritmes. Hem desenvolupat aquesta llibreria per facilitar a altres investigadors la reproducci贸 dels experiments realitzats i, per tant, el progr茅s en el camp dels Sistemes de Recomanaci贸
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