The propagation of tree seedlings under continuous light in square, bottomless containers

Six woody ornamental species were selected to study the effects of continuous light and square, bottomless containers on growth and development during greenhouse propagation phase and after planting to field or 3-gallon container. Species tested were Liquidambar styraciflua, Koelreuteria paniculata, Betula pendula, Magnolia x soulangeana, Quercus palustris, and Prunus caroliniana. K. paniculata grew tallest when started under continuous light. Continuous light had no effect on caliper, fresh weight, straightness rating, or root rating of K. paniculata. Fresh weight of plants started in bottomless containers was heavier than plants started in containers with bottoms. The root quality rating of K. paniculata seedlings from bottomless container treatments was better than seedlings that were started in containers with bottoms. Continuous light had a positive effect on the height and fresh weight of Magnolia x soulangeana seedlings. Plants from continuous light treatments were more crooked, however. Magnolia x soulangeana grew more in height, caliper, fresh weight, and had better root quality rating when started in bottomless containers. Seedlings of B. pendula started in bottomless containers were taller than those started in containers with bottoms. Bottomless containers also produced plants with greater caliper, fresh weight, and better root quality and straightness rating. Photoperiod treatments had no effect on the growth of B. pendula. B. pendula planted in the field had larger caliper and were heavier than seedlings planted in 3-gallon containers. Liquidambar styraciflua was the most unresponsive species tested to treatments. Photoperiod or container type had no influence on height, caliper, fresh weight, or straightness rating at either growing location. Root quality rating of field plants was better for plants from natural photoperiod treatments. Continuous light and bottomless containers interacted to produce the highest root quality rating of 3-gallon container pi ants. Q. palustris seedlings grew tallest when started under continuous light. Continuous light treatments also produced seedlings with greater fresh weight and root quality ratings. Continuous light had no effect on caliper or straightness rating of Q. palustris. Container type had no effect on height, caliper, fresh weight, or straightness rating. Seedlings started in bottomless containers had better root quality rating. Continuous light treatments produced taller P. caroliniana seedlings but did not influence caliper, fresh weight, straightness or root quality rating. Container type had no effect on height, caliper, fresh weight, or straightness rating of P. caroliniana. Seedlings started in bottomless containers had better root quality ratings than those started in containers with bottoms

Lightweight magnesium-lithium alloys show promise

Evaluation tests show that magnesium-lithium alloys are lighter and more ductile than other magnesium alloys. They are being used for packaging, housings, containers, where light weight is more important than strength

“Pack 'em, rack 'em and stack 'em”: the appropriateness of the use and reuse of shipping containers for prison accommodation

Shipping containers are gaining increasing recognition for their apparent durability, adaptability, light weight, ‘low cost' and ease of stacking, spurring a trend that has resulted in shipping container sculpture, homes, housing, hotels, and museums. The use of prefabricated, pre-manufactured and prototype building methods for prison construction has grown considerably as some jurisdictions attempt to deal with the construction of prisons with speed and economy. In the last three years, shipping containers have been used in the prison sector as a way of managing burgeoning prison populations. Recent prison developments in both Australia and New Zealand where shipping containers have been employed for prisoner housing are of considerable interest. In this article, the financial, functional, structural, technical, environmental and architectonic impacts of this approach are discussed.Elizabeth Gran

Resource management for software defined data centers for heterogeneous infrastructures

Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) provides more resource management flexibility since everything is defined as a software, including the network as Software Defined Network (SDN).Typically, cloud providers overlook the network, which is configured in static way. SDN can help to meet applications goals with dynamic network configuration and provide best-efforts for QoS. Additionally, SDDC might benefit by instead of be composed by heavy Virtual Machines, use light-weight OS Containers. Despite the advantages of SDDC and OS Containers, it brings more complexity for resource provisioning. The goal of this project is to optimize the management of container based workloads deployed on Software defined Data Centers enabled with heterogeneous network fabrics through the use of network-aware placement algorithms that are driven by performance models

Tight-fill fruit packing /

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Study of sample drilling techniques for Mars sample return missions

To demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring various surface samples for a Mars sample return mission the following tasks were performed: (1) design of a Mars rover-mounted drill system capable of acquiring crystalline rock cores; prediction of performance, mass, and power requirements for various size systems, and the generation of engineering drawings; (2) performance of simulated permafrost coring tests using a residual Apollo lunar surface drill, (3) design of a rock breaker system which can be used to produce small samples of rock chips from rocks which are too large to return to Earth, but too small to be cored with the Rover-mounted drill; (4)design of sample containers for the selected regolith cores, rock cores, and small particulate or rock samples; and (5) design of sample handling and transfer techniques which will be required through all phase of sample acquisition, processing, and stowage on-board the Earth return vehicle. A preliminary design of a light-weight Rover-mounted sampling scoop was also developed

Wine Making for the Amateur

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