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Lessons from the field: how successful community-based coalitions on obesity, choose and prioritize interventions to improve health policy, health behaviors, and health outcomes

Thesis (D.P.H.)--Boston UniversityBackground: Community-based coalitions could be mechanisms to foster individual and systems change in their communities in order to reduce the burden of obesity. Coalitions can increase the likelihood of reducing obesity by selecting and implementing effective interventions. Members of community-based coalitions are challenged to consider the multiple and interacting determinants of obesity and to select effective interventions from hundreds of untested recommendations. This investigation identified best practices in collective decision-making processes used to select obesity interventions. These practices may be adopted by other community coalitions working to reduce or prevent obesity in their communities. Methods: Three exemplar community-based obesity coalitions were investigated using a multiple case study design. Data from twenty-six coalition member interviews were analyzed using methods based in Grounded Theory in order to identify practices in decision-making processes related to intervention selection. Documentation was reviewed to verify coalition activity during this planning stage. Findings: Nine shared practices related to decision-making processes were found among the three exemplar coalitions: setting a vision and objectives that target determinants of obesity and emphasize comprehensive solutions focusing on the community environment; defining an organizational structure that maximizes collaboration and shared decision-making; leaders taking a strong role in guiding and simplifying the process; obtaining financial resources that support the objectives; gathering information from the community; communicating information with the community and coalition members; aligning community-based information with objectives; making final selections by consensus; and dispersing objectives to other community organizations to build support and momentum. Research translation: A teaching case study was developed that documents and analyzes the practices and processes that exemplar community coalitions engage in while working to select a comprehensive intervention to prevent and reduce obesity. Conclusions: Successful community-based obesity coalitions formulate a clear vision with strategic objectives, develop organizational structure and processes, utilize information gathered from both subject matter experts (individuals and agencies) and community members, and consider local community needs, assets, and interests in order to prioritize and select obesity interventions for their communities. Key words: obesity, community-based coalitions, decision-making, best practices, best processe

Anatomy of an organizational change effort at the Lewis Research Center

By 1979, after a long decline following the end of the Apollo program, the Lewis Research Center found its very existence endangered because it was not doing the kind of research that could attract funding at the time. New management under Andrew J. Stofan applied a program of strategic planning, participative management, and consensus decision making. A corporate-cultural change was effected which enabled Lewis to commit itself to four fundable research and development projects. Morale-building and training programs which were essential to this change are described

Adhesion effect on environment process injection

Тhe analytical analysis of roller impact on the medium and its behavior at deformation influences are carried out, ways of choosing an optimal variant of the process for providing the maximum or minimum value of parameters (criterion) are proposed. The physical essence of the equation of energy flows of the intensity of deformation of the mass of the medium, which depends on the method of applying mechanical forces, the degree of its previous dispersion (recipe) and its physical and mechanical properties, is considered. To reveal the essence and understanding of the general research execution, a number of hypotheses for the determination of adhesion are given and a generalized approach to the definition of adhesion is given. The proposed scheme of causal relationships between the medium and roll, divided into three groups, and determine the change in the process of injection dough. The nature of the maximum increase of the forces of interaction of the dough with the high contact of the roller working body in the injection nozzle of the fuming machine is established. Violation of these mutual relations leads to the production of low-quality products and a decrease in the efficiency of the machine. These phenomena are little studied today, and the nature of adhesion requires research. It is noted that the determination of deformation processes during the passage of the process of injection of the medium by roller working bodies plays an important role in calculating the design of molding, roll-over equipment. The deformation in the knot of the injection dough by rolls and the dependence of the work performed on the influence of adhesion on the flow process in the molding machine are revealed. The contact area of the adhesive and the component forming work for overcoming the adhesion and deformation of the environment in determining the criteria that influence the process, according to each particular period of the deformation stage, are substantiated. The obtained data provide an answer to a number of questions about the possibility of regulating the process of the work of agents on the environmen

Improving Elementary Nutrition Education Curriculum in San Francisco - A Program Analysis of the Food Education Project

Childhood obesity and food insecurity are problems within San Francisco, California. The purpose of this program analysis is to assess the Food Education Project (FEP), which is one of many projects addressing nutrition education and the long-term public health impact is to solve the problems of food insecurity and childhood obesity. Through primary data collection, students shared their honest feelings about food and were able to openly discuss what they know and do not know about food. A literature review was conducted through research from various databases from the University of San Francisco to identify not only current interventions but gaps in knowledge surrounding this problem. From the literature review and primary data collection, a three-step recommendation was developed for consideration. The steps of the recommendations included a needs assessment specific to McKinley Elementary School, updates to current materials, the creation of a training and orientation guide for health educators and interns, and a pilot program. The purpose of the pilot program is to identify further areas of improvement and enhance the hope for the sustainability of the project and expansion beyond McKinley. The overall impact of the project and analysis is to address childhood obesity and food insecurity. Through early childhood education, there can be a step toward helping children understand where their food comes from and how to build a sustainable, affordable healthy lifestyle. Keywords: nutrition education, elementary schools, San Francisco, childhood obesity, food insecurit

Woodworth v. State Ex Rel. Id. Transp. Bd. Clerk\u27s Record v. 2 Dckt. 38884

https://digitalcommons.law.uidaho.edu/idaho_supreme_court_record_briefs/4687/thumbnail.jp

Design of a cooperative problem-solving system for enroute flight planning: An empirical study of its use by airline dispatchers

In a previous report, an empirical study of 30 pilots using the Flight Planning Testbed was reported. An identical experiment using the Flight Planning Testbed (FPT), except that 27 airline dispatchers were studied, is described. Five general questions were addressed in this study: (1) under what circumstances do the introduction of computer-generated suggestions (flight plans) influence the planning behavior of dispatchers (either in a beneficial or adverse manner); (2) what is the nature of such influences (i.e., how are the person's cognitive processes changed); (3) how beneficial are the general design concepts underlying FPT (use of a graphical interface, embedding graphics in a spreadsheet, etc.); (4) how effective are the specific implementation decisions made in realizing these general design concepts; and (5) how effectively do dispatchers evaluate situations requiring replanning, and how effectively do they identify appropriate solutions to these situations

Energy Issues in Canada

During the Fall Semester, 1977 the Department of Geography and ContinuingStudies, Simon Fraser University presented a public lecture series, \u27EnergyIssues in Canada.\u27 The series was intended as a forum for public debate, with six lectures presented by experts playing significant roles in today\u27s energydecisions. The lectures addressed a range of topics, including energy supplyand demand forecasts, the problems and potential of fossil fuels, the opportunitiesoffered by renewable energy sources, and energy conservation. Thefinal lecture in the series focussed upon current federal energy policy.In response to the interest shown in the series, we decided to issue avolume of proceedings in order that the infonnation and viewpoints presentedin the lectures could reach a wider audience. The following papers arearranged in order of presentation. Unfortunately it has not been possible toinclude the discussion of renewable energy sources and technologies given inthe fifth lecture of the series. Most authors address the Canadian and provincial energy scene in thecontext of world trends: the price increases introduced by OPEC (Organisationof Petroleum Exporting Countries) in 1973, and the looming gap between worlddemand and supply of petroleum which will result in a deficit sometime duringthe 1980s. These trends have undermined our sense of energy security, forceda reexamination of present energy use patterns, and given support to theidea of energy conservation