12 research outputs found

    Symmetric and Transitive Registration of Image Sequences

    Get PDF
    This paper presents a method for constructing symmetric and transitive algorithms for registration of image sequences from image registration algorithms that do not have these two properties. The method is applicable to both rigid and nonrigid registration and it can be used with linear or periodic image sequences. The symmetry and transitivity properties are satisfied exactly (up to the machine precision), that is, they always hold regardless of the image type, quality, and the registration algorithm as long as the computed transformations are invertable. These two properties are especially important in motion tracking applications since physically incorrect deformations might be obtained if the registration algorithm is not symmetric and transitive. The method was tested on two sequences of cardiac magnetic resonance images using two different nonrigid image registration algorithms. It was demonstrated that the transitivity and symmetry errors of the symmetric and transitive modification of the algorithms could be made arbitrary small when the computed transformations are invertable, whereas the corresponding errors for the nonmodified algorithms were on the order of the pixel size. Furthermore, the symmetric and transitive modification of the algorithms had higher registration accuracy than the nonmodified algorithms for both image sequences

    Global longitudinal strain, myocardial storage and hypertrophy in Fabry disease

    Get PDF
    INTRODUCTION: Detecting early cardiac involvement in Fabry disease (FD) is important because therapy may alter disease progression. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can detect T1 lowering, representing myocardial sphingolipid storage. In many diseases, early mechanical dysfunction may be detected by abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS). We explored the relationship of early mechanical dysfunction and sphingolipid deposition in FD. METHODS: An observational study of 221 FD and 77 healthy volunteers (HVs) who underwent CMR (LV volumes, mass, native T1, GLS, late gadolinium enhancement), ECG and blood biomarkers, as part of the prospective multicentre Fabry400 study. RESULTS: All FD had normal LV ejection fraction (EF 73%±8%). Mean indexed LV mass (LVMi) was 89±39 g/m2 in FD and 55.6±10 g/m2 in HV. 102 (46%) FD participants had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). There was a negative correlation between GLS and native T1 in FD patients (r=−0.515, p<0.001). In FD patients without LVH (early disease), as native T1 reduced there was impairment in GLS (r=−0.285, p<0.002). In the total FD cohort, ECG abnormalities were associated with a significant impairment in GLS compared with those without ECG abnormalities (abnormal: −16.7±3.5 vs normal: −20.2±2.4, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GLS in FD correlates with an increase in LVMi, storage and the presence of ECG abnormalities. In LVH-negative FD (early disease), impairment in GLS is associated with a reduction in native T1, suggesting that mechanical dysfunction occurs before evidence of sphingolipid deposition (low T1). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03199001; Results

    Noctural dipping status and left ventricular hypertrophy:A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study

    Get PDF
    We investigate the impact of dipper status on cardiac structure with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and 1.5T CMR were performed in 99 tertiary hypertension clinic patients. Subgroup analysis by extreme dipper (n = 9), dipper (n = 39), non‐dipper (n = 35) and reverse dipper (n = 16) status was performed, matched in age, gender and BMI. Left ventricular (LV) mass was significantly higher for extreme dippers than dippers after correction for covariates (100 ± 6 g/m(2) vs 79 ± 3 g/m(2), P = .004). Amongst extreme dippers and dippers (n = 48), indexed LV mass correlated positively with the extent of nocturnal blood pressure dipping (R = .403, P = .005). On post‐hoc ANCOVA, the percentage of nocturnal dip had significant effect on indexed LV mass (P = .008), but overall SBP did not (P = .348). In the tertiary setting, we found a larger nocturnal BP drop was associated with more LV hypertrophy. If confirmed in larger studies, this may have implications on nocturnal dosing of anti‐hypertensive medications

    Early Detection of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Combined Biomechanical Modeling and Multi-Parametric Cardiovascular MRI

    Get PDF
    RÉSUMÉ La chimiothĂ©rapie Ă  la doxorubicine est efficace et est largement utilisĂ©e pour traiter la leucĂ©mie lymphoblastique aiguĂ«. Toutefois, son efficacitĂ© est entravĂ©e par un large spectre de cardiotoxicitĂ©s incluant des changements affectant Ă  la fois la morphologie et la fonction du myocarde. Ces changements dĂ©pendent principalement de la dose cumulĂ©e administrĂ©e au patient. Actuellement, trĂšs peu de techniques sont disponibles pour dĂ©tecter de telles cardiotoxicitĂ©s. L'utilisation d’images de fibres musculaires (par exemple, Ă  l’aide de l’imagerie des tenseurs de diffusion par IRM) ou des techniques d'imagerie 3D (par exemple, cinĂ© DENSE IRM) sont des alternatives prometteuses, cependant, leur application en clinique est limitĂ©e en raison du temps d'acquisition d’images et les erreurs d'estimation qui en rĂ©sultent. En revanche, l'utilisation de l'IRM multi-paramĂ©trique ainsi que le cinĂ© IRM sont des alternatives prometteuses, puisque ces techniques sont dĂ©jĂ  disponibles au niveau clinique. L’IRM multiparamĂ©trique incluant l’imagerie des temps de relaxation T1 et T2 peut ĂȘtre utile dans la dĂ©tection des lĂ©sions dans le tissu du myocarde alors que l’imagerie cinĂ© IRM peut ĂȘtre plus appropriĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter les changements fonctionnels au sein du myocarde. La combinaison de ces deux techniques peut Ă©galement permettre une caractĂ©risation complĂšte de la fonction du tissu myocardique. Dans ce projet, l'utilisation des temps de relaxation T1 prĂ©- et post-gadolinium et T2 est d'abord Ă©valuĂ©e et proposĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter les dommages myocardiques induits par la chimiothĂ©rapie Ă  la doxorubicine. En second lieu, l'utilisation de patrons 2D de dĂ©placements myocardiques est Ă©valuĂ©e dans le cadre de la dĂ©tection des dommages myocardiques et altĂ©ration fonctionnelle due au traitement Ă  la doxorubicine. Enfin, l'utilisation de la modĂ©lisation par Ă©lĂ©ments finis, incluant les contraintes et dĂ©formations mĂ©caniques est proposĂ©e pour Ă©valuer les changements dans les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques au niveau du myocarde, avec l’hypothĂšse que le traitement Ă  base de doxorubicine induit des changements importants Ă  la fois dans le tissu et au niveau de la fonction myocardique. Dans notre cohorte de survivants de cancer, des changements myocardiques locaux ont Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©s entre le groupe Ă  risque standard et le groupe Ă  risque Ă©levĂ© lorsque le T1 prĂ©-gadolinium fut utilisĂ©. Ces changements ont Ă©tĂ© amplifiĂ©s avec l’utilisation d’agent de contraste tel que confirmĂ© par le coefficient de partition, ce qui suggĂšre que l’utilisation du T1 post-gadolonium et le coefficient de----------ABSTRACT Doxorubicin chemotherapy is effective and widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its effectiveness is hampered by a wide spectrum of dose-dependent cardiotoxicity including both morphological and functional changes affecting the myocardium. Currently, very few techniques are available for detecting such cardiotoxic effect. The use of muscle fibers orientation (e.g., diffusion tensor imaging DT-MRI) or 3D imaging techniques (e.g., cine DENSE MRI) are possible alternatives, however, their clinical application is limited due to the acquisition time and their estimation errors. In contrast, the use of multi-parametric MRI along with cine MRI is a promising alternative, since theses techniques are already available at a clinical level. Multiparametric MRI including T1 and T2 imaging may be helpful in detecting myocardial tissue damage, while cine MRI may be more appropriate to detect functional changes within the myocardium. The combination of these two techniques may further allow an extensive characterization of myocardial tissue function. In this doctoral project, the use of pre- and post-gadolinium T1 and T2 relaxation times is firstly assessed and proposed to detect myocardial damage induced by doxorubicin chemotherapy. Secondly, the use of 2D myocardial displacement patterns is assessed in detecting myocardial damage and functional alteration due to doxorubicin-based treatment. Finally, the use of finite element modeling including mechanical strains and stresses to evaluate mechanical properties changes within the myocardium is alternatively proposed, assuming that doxorubicin-based treatment induces significant changes to both myocardial tissue morphology and function. In our cohort of cancer survivors, local myocardial changes were found between standard risk and high risks group using pre-gadolinium T1 relaxation times. These changes were further amplified with gadolinium enhancement, as confirmed by the use of partition coefficient, suggesting this MRI parameter along with partition coefficient as candidates imaging markers of doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy. The use of T2 on the other hand showed that the high risk group of cancer survivors had higher T2 relaxation times compared to the standard risk group and similar to reported values. Though, a larger cohort of cancer survivors may be required to assess the use of T1 and T2 relaxation time as possible indices for myocardial tissue damage in the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

    Multi parametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging and arrhythmic risk stratification in Fabry disease

    Get PDF
    Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, with cardiovascular manifestations including progressive LVH, chronic myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmia and sudden death. Despite widely available Fabry specific therapies, cardiac involvement has a significant prognostic impact and is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in FD. Thus early identification of cardiovascular involvement is key to enable initiation of therapy at the earliest opportunity and prevent progressive cardiomyopathy. The main aims of this thesis are: 1) To characterise the stages of cardiovascular disease and potential mechanisms for arrhythmia in FD; 2) To quantify the burden of arrhythmia and consequent therapy usage in FD e.g. cardiac device implantation. This thesis has provided a significant insight into Fabry cardiomyopathy. The use of CMR tissue characterisation, feature tracking techniques and advanced ECG analysis has shown great promise not only in the detection of early cardiac involvement, but also in potentially predicting adverse clinical outcomes. Risk stratification and early therapy is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality in Fabry disease and this thesis has provided a platform to provide this information and gain a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology in this rare disease

    Assessing microvascular function with breathing maneuvers : an oxygenation-sensitive CMR study

    Get PDF
    Ce projet illustre cinq Ă©tudes, mettant l'emphase sur le dĂ©veloppement d'une nouvelle approche diagnostique cardiovasculaire afin d'Ă©valuer le niveau d’oxygĂšne contenu dans le myocarde ainsi que sa fonction microvasculaire. En combinant une sĂ©quence de rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique cardiovasculaire (RMC) pouvant dĂ©tecter le niveau d’oxygĂšne (OS), des manƓuvres respiratoires ainsi que des analyses de gaz artĂ©riels peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s comme procĂ©dure non invasive destinĂ©e Ă  induire une rĂ©ponse vasoactive afin d’évaluer la rĂ©serve d'oxygĂ©nation, une mesure clĂ© de la fonction vasculaire. Le nombre de tests diagnostiques cardiaques prescrits ainsi que les interventions, sont en pleine expansion. L'imagerie et tests non invasifs sont souvent effectuĂ©s avant l’utilisation de procĂ©dures invasives. L'imagerie cardiaque permet d’évaluer la prĂ©sence ou absence de stĂ©noses coronaires, un important facteur Ă©conomique dans notre systĂšme de soins de santĂ©. Les techniques d'imagerie non invasives fournissent de l’information prĂ©cise afin d’identifier la prĂ©sence et l’emplacement du dĂ©ficit de perfusion chez les patients prĂ©sentant des symptĂŽmes d'ischĂ©mie myocardique. NĂ©anmoins, plusieurs techniques actuelles requiĂšrent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de radiation, d’agents de contraste ou traceurs, sans oublier des protocoles de stress pharmacologiques ou physiques. L’imagerie RMC peut identifier une stĂ©nose coronaire significative sans radiation. De nouvelles tendances d’utilisation de RMC visent Ă  dĂ©velopper des techniques diagnostiques qui ne requiĂšrent aucun facteur de stress pharmacologiques ou d’agents de contraste. L'objectif principal de ce projet Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper et tester une nouvelle technique diagnostique afin d’évaluer la fonction vasculaire coronarienne en utilisant l' OS-RMC, en combinaison avec des manƓuvres respiratoires comme stimulus vasoactif. Ensuite, les objectifs, secondaires Ă©taient d’utilisĂ©s l’OS-RMC pour Ă©valuer l'oxygĂ©nation du myocarde et la rĂ©ponse coronaire en prĂ©sence de gaz artĂ©riels altĂ©rĂ©s. Suite aux manƓuvres respiratoires la rĂ©ponse vasculaire a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e chez un modĂšle animal pour ensuite ĂȘtre utilisĂ© chez deux volontaires sains et finalement dans une population de patients atteints de maladies cardiovasculaires. Chez le modĂšle animal, les manƓuvres respiratoires ont pu induire un changement significatif, mesurĂ© intrusivement par dĂ©bit sanguin coronaire. Il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© qu’en prĂ©sence d'une stĂ©nose coronarienne hĂ©modynamiquement significative, l’OS-RMC pouvait dĂ©tecter un dĂ©ficit en oxygĂšne du myocarde. Chez l’homme sain, l'application de cette technique en comparaison avec l'adĂ©nosine (l’agent standard) pour induire une vasodilatation coronarienne et les manƓuvres respiratoires ont pu induire une rĂ©ponse plus significative en oxygĂ©nation dans un myocarde sain. Finalement, nous avons utilisĂ© les manƓuvres respiratoires parmi un groupe de patients atteint de maladies coronariennes. Leurs myocardes Ă©tant altĂ©rĂ©es par une stĂ©nose coronaire, en consĂ©quence modifiant ainsi leur rĂ©ponse en oxygĂ©nation. Par la suite nous avons Ă©valuĂ© les effets des gaz artĂ©riels sanguins sur l'oxygĂ©nation du myocarde. Ils dĂ©montrent que la rĂ©ponse coronarienne est attĂ©nuĂ©e au cours de l’hyperoxie, suite Ă  un stimuli d’apnĂ©e. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne provoque une rĂ©duction globale du dĂ©bit sanguin coronaire et un dĂ©ficit d'oxygĂ©nation dans le modĂšle animal ayant une stĂ©nose lorsqu’un supplĂ©ment en oxygĂšne est donnĂ©. En conclusion, ce travail a permis d'amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension des nouvelles techniques diagnostiques en imagerie cardiovasculaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que la combinaison de manƓuvres respiratoires et l’imagerie OS-RMC peut fournir une mĂ©thode non-invasive et rentable pour Ă©valuer la fonction vasculaire coronarienne rĂ©gionale et globale.This project encompasses five studies, which focus on developing a new cardiovascular diagnostic approach for assessing myocardial oxygenation and microvascular function. In combination with oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (OS-CMR) imaging, breathing maneuvers and altered arterial blood gases can be used as a non-invasive method for inducing a vasoactive response to test the oxygenation reserve, a key measurement in vascular function. The number of prescribed cardiac diagnostic tests and interventions is rapidly growing. In particular, imaging and other non-invasive tests are frequently performed prior to invasive procedures. One of the most common uses of cardiac imaging is for the diagnosis of significant coronary artery stenosis, a critical cost factor in today’s health care system. Non-invasive imaging techniques provide the most reliable information for the presence and location of perfusion or oxygenation deficits in patients with symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia, yet many current techniques suffer from the need for radiation, contrast agents or tracers, and pharmacological or physical stress protocols. CMR imaging can identify significant coronary artery stenosis without radiation and new trends in CMR research aim to develop diagnostic techniques that do not require any pharmacological stressors or contrast agents. For this project, the primary aim was to develop and test a new diagnostic technique to assess coronary vascular function using OS-CMR in combination with breathing maneuvers as the vasoactive stimulus. Secondary aims then used OS-CMR to assess myocardial oxygenation and the coronary response in the presence of altered arterial blood gases. An animal model was used to validate the vascular response to breathing maneuvers before translating the technique to human subjects into both healthy volunteers, and a patient population with cardiac disease. In the animal models, breathing maneuvers could induce a significant change in invasively measured coronary blood flow and it was demonstrated that in the presence of a haemodynamically significant coronary stenosis, OS-CMR could detect a myocardial oxygen deficit. This technique was then applied in a human model, with healthy participants. In a direct comparison to the infusion of the coronary vasodilator adenosine, which is considered a standard agent for inducing vasodilation in cardiac imaging, breathing maneuvers induced a stronger response in oxygenation of healthy myocardium. The final study then implemented the breathing maneuvers in a patient population with coronary artery disease; in which myocardium compromised by a coronary stenosis had a compromised oxygenation response. Furthermore, the observed effects of arterial blood gases on myocardial oxygenation were assessed. This demonstrated that the coronary response to breath-hold stimuli is attenuated during hyperoxia, and this causes an overall reduction in coronary blood flow, and consequently an oxygenation deficit in a coronary stenosis animal model when supplemental oxygen is provided. In conclusion, this work has improved our understanding of potential new diagnostic techniques for cardiovascular imaging. In particular, it demonstrated that combining breathing maneuvers with oxygenation-sensitive CMR can provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method for assessing global and regional coronary vascular function

    Estudio de función ventricular por Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography 2D y resonancia magnética cardiaca Feature-Tracking en pacientes con circulación de Fontan

    Full text link
    Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de Lectura: 07-07-202
    corecore