Electronic business and electronic commerce (supporting lecture notes for students of dirеction "Management" of all forms of education)

E-Business systems naturally have greater security risks than traditional business systems, therefore it is important for e-business systems to be fully protected against these risks. Customers, suppliers, employees, and numerous other people use any particular e-business system daily and expect their confidential information to stay secure. Hackers are one of the great threats to the security of e-businesses. Some common security concerns for e-Businesses include keeping business and customer information private and confidential, authenticity of data, and data integrity. Some of the methods of protecting e-business security and keeping information secure include physical security measures as well as data storage, data transmission, anti-virus software, firewalls, and encryption to list a few.Розглянуто та рекомендовано до друку на засіданні кафедри інноваційного менеджменту та підприємництва, протокол No1 від 27 серпня 2015 року. Схвалено та рекомендовано до друку на засіданні методичної комісії факультету управління та бізнесу у виробництві Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя, протокол No6 від 26 лютого 2016 року.The purpose of thе document is to present the different underlying "technologies" (in reality, organizational modes based on information and communication technologies) and their associated acronyms. The term "e-Business" therefore refers to the integration, within the company, of tools based on information and communication technologies (generally referred to as business software) to improve their functioning in order to create value for the enterprise, its clients, and its partners.Topic 1. Basic concepts of electronic business and electronic commerce 1.1. Basic concepts and principles of e-business. 1.2. Origins and growth of e-commerce. Topic 2. Ecommerce as a part of electronic business 2.1. E-business infrastructure, e-environment and e-business strategy 2.2. Ways of e-business conducting. Online trading. Topic 3. Basis of global computer network internet functioning. 3.1. Basic principles of internet. 3.2. The most common services of Іnternet. 3.3. The concept and structure of Internet marketing. Topic 4. E-commerce systems in corporate sector 4.1. The basic processes of implementation of electronic commerce in the B2B sector. Virtual enterprise, internet incubator, mobile commerce. 4.2. The role of supply-chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM) in e-commerce. Topic 5. Information management for effective e-commerce building through intranet and extranet 5.1. Basic principles of Intranet functioning. 5.2. Extranet and its security issues. Topic 6. Electronic payment systems 6.1. Electronic payment systems. 6.2. Primary classification of payment systems

eBusiness technologies and trends in the pharmaceutical industry

Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.eBusiness is rapidly becoming the defacto business model of many firms. The pharmaceutical industry will continue to thrive regardless of recession, terrorism, war, or other external forces. Question is: what eBusiness technologies and trends are being currently pursued by pharmaceutical companies in managing critical relationships with business partners such as doctors, physicians, suppliers, retailers, distributors, and consumers? The purpose of this research is to provide a high-level overview of the pharmaceutical industry and companies that dominate in this vast arena. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of eBusiness in terms of phases, models, architectures, vendors, and products. Finally, eBusiness technologies and trends in global pharmaceutical organizations related to procurement, sales, and supply chain are analyzed in various case studies. This analysis ultimately leads to a carefully orchestrated conclusion that recaps this entire research based on eBusiness in the pharmaceutical industry.by Imran Qayyum.S.M.M.O.T

E-COMMERCE

Preface ................................................ 7 Introduction ........................................... Chapter 1. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PECULIARITIES IN E- 9 BUSINESS: ACTUALITY AND TENDENCIES ......... 12 Introduction............................................ 1.1. The importance of knowledge management to increase the 12 efficiency of the organisations activity in e-business ...... 15 1.2. Employee competency integrated assessment in e-business 1.2.1.Theoretical evaluation aspects of factors affecting em- 19 ployee competency .......................................... 1.2.2. The identification of the factors affecting the employee 21 competency ................................................ 1.2.3. Concept complex competency assessment model of e- 26 business organisation ........................................ 1.3. Analysis of factors motivating human resources in e-busi- 33 ness .................................................. 1.3.1. Theoretical evaluation aspects of factors affecting human 34 resources motivation ........................................ 1.3.2. Analysis of factors that influence the motivation of human 36 resources .................................................. 1.4. Evaluation system of factors affecting creativity in e-busi- 37 ness .................................................. 1.4.1. Theoretical evaluation aspects of factors affecting creativ- 41 ity ......................................................... 1.4.2. Identification of factors affecting creativity. Partial inte- 42 grated criterion (third stage) ................................ 48 1.4.3. Evaluation system of factors affecting creativity ........ 49 1.5. Knowledge appliance process in e-business organisation .. 1.5.1. The factors proceeding efficiency of knowledge appliance 53 process in e-business ........................................ 1.5.2. The selection of the method to evaluate efficiency of know- 56 ledge appliance process in e-business ......................... 59 Conclusions ........................................... 60 Self test questions ..................................... 63 References ............................................ Chapter 2. CONTENT MANAGEMENT IN VIRTUAL ORGANIZA 64 TIONS ............................................... 70 5 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................... 2.1. A systematical approach to automate content management 70 in a vitual ogranization ................................. 71 2.2. The concept of the content. Content Management ..... 73 2.3. The life cycle of the document ......................... 74 2.4. Document management in a virtual organization ........ 76 2.5. Content capture technology ............................ 77 2.6. Cloud technologies in business processes CMS .......... 83 Conclusion ............................................. 85 References ............................................ 86 Chapter 3. MARKETING COMMUNICATION IN DIGITAL AGE ... 87 Introduction ........................................... 87 3.1. The growing potential of the market ................... 88 3.2. Previous studies in e-business and e-marketing areas .... 91 3.3. The specifics of Internet marketing in B2B communication 92 3.4. E-marketing tools ..................................... 94 3.5. Social networks in marketing ........................... 98 6 3.6. Effectiveness evaluation theories ........................ 100 3.7. Website quality and efficiency evaluation ................ 101 3.8. Cases: resent research results .......................... 106 3.8.1. Online advertisements efficiency research .............. 106 3.8.2. Evaluation of Lithuanian e-shops ...................... 109 Conclusions ........................................... 110 Self test questions ..................................... 111 References ............................................ 111 Chapter 4. IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF E-COMMERCE .. 116 Introduction ........................................... 116 4.1. Scientific research. E-commerce as the Internet technology 116 4.2. Promotion of e-business ............................... 120 4.3. A set of basic tools for e-business ...................... 121 4.4. Security in e-commerce ................................ 124 Conclusion ............................................ 133 Self-examination questions ............................. 133 References ............................................ 134 Chapter 5. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS.................. 135 Introduction............................................ 135 5.1. The concept of electronic payments.National payment system in Russia ....................................... 136 5.2. Electronic payment systems based on «Client-Bank» and online banking ......................................... 143 5.3. Electronic payments via bank cards ..................... 151 Table of Contents 5 5.4. Electronic payments via digital cash .................... 160 5.5. Internet payment system based on virtual accounts ...... 164 Conclusion ............................................ 166 Self-examination questions ............................. 166 References ............................................ 167 Chapter 6. MANAGEMENT OF THE VIRTUAL ENTERPRISE .... 168 6.1. Virtual enterprise, electronic business, electronic commerce, model of management, manager .................... 168 6.2. Manager .............................................. 174 6.3. Channel ............................................... 175 6.4. Information environment. Knowledge ................... 175 6.5. Problem field .......................................... 176 Self-examination questions ............................. 178 References ............................................ 178 Chapter 7. INTERNET MARKETING ............................ 180 Introduction ........................................... 180 7.1. The concept and structure of the Internet Marketing .... 180 7.2. Market research on the Internet ........................ 182 7.3. Internet advertizing .................................... 187 7.3.1. The concept of Internet advertising .................... 187 7.3.2. Announcement of the search engines and search engine optimization. The concept and purpose of search engine optimization ................................................... 189 7.3.3. Search Engine Advertising ............................ 209 7.3.4. Participation in the rankings and registration in catalogs 215 7.3.5. Banner advertising ................................... 219 7.3.6. Link Exchange ....................................... 236 7.3.7. Profiling and personalization in online advertising........ 239 7.3.8. E-mail-advertising. Basic concepts and advantages e-mailadvertising ................................................. 242 7.3.9. Discussion lists ....................................... 248 7.3.10. Virus marketing. Concept and principles of virus marketing ........................................................ 251 7.3.11. Other methods of advertizing ........................ 258 7.3.12. Analysis of efficiency of Internet advertizing ........... 259 7.3.13. Methods of the collection of information, used for the analysis .................................................... 263 7.4. Marketing in social networks and blogs ................. 282 7.5. Partner programs ...................................... 287 7.6. The problem of return visitors and create a captive audience 292 7.6.1. Statement of the problem of creating a virtual community 292 7.6.2. Methods for creating a virtual community .............. 294 9 Table of Contents 7.7. Off-line support for online projects ...................... 297 Self-examination questions.............................. 298 References ............................................ 299 Chapter 8. REACHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS THROUGH E-GOVERNMENT IN THE POST-2015 AGENDA ............................................. 301 Introduction ........................................... 310 8.1. E-government: definition, functions and stages .......... 302 8.2. E-government: global tendencies ....................... 304 8.3. Formation and development of e-government in Uzbekistan 308 Self-examination questions ............................. 314 References ............................................ 314The development of the universities’ ability to quickly respond to new demands of the labor market and to adapt, update, develop and introduce new areas of study to ensure demand for the graduates provides the participation in the international projects of the European program improving higher education «TEMPUS». The project TEMPUS — ECOMMIS («double-level training programs of e-commerce developing the information society in Russia, Ukraine and Israel») was launched in October 2011, and belongs to a class of joint projects to develop new courses and courses for bachelor’s and master’s degrees. The project consortium involves 12 universities from Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Israel, Russia and Ukraine. The main objective of the project is to develop and implement new academic courses and areas of study, taking into account the current status and trends of economic development and the specific requirements of the labor market on the basis of cooperation between universities in different countries. The main feature and complexity of the project academic content of is that e-commerce as an academic concept is absolute new and it appeared just only in the last decade. It is a new interdisciplinary field of knowledge, which is located at the intersection of economics and computer science and it is not covered by the classical training courses in economics and computer science technology. The aspects of national and international law in connection with the growth of international trade, economic cooperation and the development of new Internet based technologies should be taken into account. For the project’s period of three years on the basis of international cooperation the following results were obtained: 11 Preface 1) The analysis and modernization of existing curricula in the field of e-commerce were carried out; 2) new training modules with the introduction of the European creditmodular system of accumulation and transfer transcripts units ( ECTS ) were developed; new modules and courses: e-commerce, electronic payment systems; Internet trading in the financial markets and the stockmarket systems; Information systems for financial analysis and investment; Information systems for business process modeling; corporate information systems and portals; Customer-oriented systems; Internet Marketing; electronic systems for document management; legal aspects of e-commerce; advanced course security for e-commerce were introduced; 3) two international online games to enhance practical skills in the field with online marketing and online trading were developed and conducted among university students; 4) skills training courses e-commerce for various social groups (students, housewives, pensioners, unemployed) were developed and tested; 5) business offices, e-commerce were established to strengthen cooperation between the universities in the labor market and to create the conditions of commercialization of the project results after the end of financial support from the TEMPUS Program. 6) textbooks on the topic of the project were developed and published. In May — July 2013. 62 teachers targeted universities in Israel, Russia and Ukraine received intensive training in the field of e-commerce in three European universities: FONTYS (NL), TU Berlin (DE), VGTU ( LT ). From October 2013 in target universities of Israel, Russia and Ukraine students’ training began on the courses developed in the framework of the new training courses and modules with using computer classes, equipped in accordance with the project plan with new hardware and software tools. The final stage of the project was intended to develop a five-year detailed plan for sustainable development of the results. Such plan that includes coordinated action to disseminate best practices, development of new joint courses for graduate and post-graduate students, scientificmethodical conferences, joint publications will support the further dynamics of the activities involved universities. Joint work on the implementation of the project ECOMMIS led to the emergence of sustainable professional relationships between organizations in the consortium as the training of new qualified professionals, as well as in the field of scientific and methodological developments. This is confirmed by the present collective monograph E-commerc

The First 25 Years of the Bled eConference: Themes and Impacts

The Bled eConference is the longest-running themed conference associated with the Information Systems discipline. The focus throughout its first quarter-century has been the application of electronic tools, migrating progressively from Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) via Inter-Organisational Systems (IOS) and eCommerce to encompass all aspects of the use of networking facilities in industry and government, and more recently by individuals, groups and society as a whole. This paper reports on an examination of the conference titles and of the titles and abstracts of the 773 refereed papers published in the Proceedings since 1995. This identified a long and strong focus on categories of electronic business and corporate perspectives, which has broadened in recent years to encompass the democratic, the social and the personal. The conference\u27s extend well beyond the papers and their thousands of citations and tens of thousands of downloads. Other impacts have included innovative forms of support for the development of large numbers of graduate students, and the many international research collaborations that have been conceived and developed in a beautiful lake-side setting in Slovenia

Embedding risk management within new product and service development of an innovation and risk management framework and supporting risk processes, for effective risk mitigation : an action research study within the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector

At first glance, innovation and risk management seem like two opposing disciplines with diverse objectives. The former seeks to be flexible and encourages enhanced solutions and new ideas, while the latter can be seen as stifling such innovative thinking. Since there is a failure rate of as many as eight out of every ten products launched, it is perhaps necessary for organisations to consider applying more structured approaches to innovation, in order to better manage risks and to increase the chances of delivering improved goods and services. A risk management approach is well suited to address the challenge of failure, as it focuses not only on the negative impact of risks but also on the opportunities they present. It aligns these with the strategic objectives of the organisation to increase the chances of its success. The research objective of this study was to establish how to embed risk management within the innovation divisions of an organisation to ensure that more efficient products and services are delivered to customers. To achieve this end, action research was conducted in a large organisation operating in a high-technology environment that launches many diverse products and services and rapidly expanding service offerings to other industries. The study took four years to complete and delivered multiple interventions that successfully embedded risk management within the organisation, leading to changed behaviours and double-loop learning. Two main knowledge contributions are offered by the study. Firstly, a generic and empirically validated integrated Innovation and Risk Management Framework (IRMF) is developed and guides new product and service development by considering both best practices and risks. Secondly, a risk dashboard is designed as a design science artefact within the action research cycles, which consolidates all the knowledge that was generated during the study. This is ultimately a visual interface to support stage-gate decision making. Since the context of the study was broad, extensive and complicated, the use of mixed-method research complemented and expanded on the findings by providing another layer of support and validation. This thesis highlights the complexity of innovation and presents the need for an organising framework that will encourage innovation but is sufficiently flexible to cater for diverse needs and risks. The study delivers several other, valuable contributions regarding what, how and why incidents occur within the real-world context of new product and service development. Several generic artefacts, such as risk processes and maturity frameworks, are also developed, which can guide risk and new product and service development practitioners to deliver more efficient product and services. This study offers several novel approaches to evaluating risks and provides practical support and recommendations, addressing shortcomings of fragmented research in similar, but smaller-scale studies that have been conducted in information systems. It is the premise of this research that a much wider number of risks need to be managed as new products and services are developed, than was noted in previous studies. Effective risk management in new product and service development could lead to competitive advantage for organisations by increasing knowledge and facilitating sustainable, informed risk decision-making

Інноваційні підходи до просування логістичних послуг

Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 27.05.2021 р. №311/од "Про розміщення кваліфікаційних робіт вищої освіти в репозитарії НАУ" . Керівник проекту: доцент, к.е.н. Позняк Оксана ВолодимирівнаLogistics pertains to the process of controlling the flow of goods throughout the supply chain and ensuring that products are delivered within the timeframe requested. Marketing logistics pertains to the process of delivering the information from the producer to the market. While these two components of business do not seem like they correlate, they are actually very dependent on the other and aid in determining consumer demand and increase profit within the operation. In order to ensure that you maintain a competitive edge within your operation, it is essential to create an effective strategy regarding your product, price, place, and promotion. These four functions pertaining to logistics and marketing will aid the operation through reaching consumer targets and ultimately delivering the products that are being produced to the customer within the timeframe that they are seeking. When thinking of marketing logistics, it is an absolute must to consider the four functions. Therefore, within this blog, we are going to discuss the four functions of marketing logistics. The four functions of marketing logistics pertain to the following: 1) Delivery of product -the first function of marketing logistics to consider is locating your customers and how you are planning to get the product to the consumer within the timeframe they are requesting. This could be through locating third-party logistics (3PL) operations or constructing a distribution network of your own that will get your product to your customers with ease. As logistical needs vary from each customer, you need to prepare a plan for these occurrences in order to ensure that customer expectation are always met. 2) Price - pricing decisions are based on internal and external factors, in which it is important that marketing logistics recognizes these price drivers. The profile of the customer, the product, and the type of order are factors that will ultimately drive the price. These changes will not be controlled through marketing logistics. However, marketing logistics needs to be able to react to these factors and understand how factors may potentially affect consumer decisions. 3) Promotion - within marketing, promotion is a substantial task/topic that may ultimately lead to increased sales. Promotion is also a topic within marketing logistics. When a new product is being brought to the market, the operation needs to ensure that communication and coordination are being conducted and the correct materials are being produced/utilized. Marketing logistics ensures that entities work together and produce the marketing materials needed in order to adequately sell a product. 4) Place - marketing logistics enables an operation to be able to simplify the transactions between logistics provider and customer. The overall goal is for the consumer to be blind to how the product arrives so quickly to their doorstep, thus never exposing the backroom process involved with logistics delivery to the customer. This is because output is always more important than the process with consumers. It is also important to have a warehouse or distribution center nearby to customers to ensure that delivery times are fulfilled within the timeframe they are requesting, thus leading to loyal and increased customers.Логістика — це процес контролю потоків товарів по всьому ланцюжку поставок і забезпечення доставки продукції в зазначені терміни. Маркетингова логістика – це процес доставки інформації від виробника до ринку. Хоча ці два компоненти бізнесу, здається, не співвідносяться, насправді вони дуже залежать від іншого і допомагають визначити споживчий попит і збільшити прибуток в рамках операції. Щоб забезпечити конкурентну перевагу у своїй діяльності, важливо створити ефективну стратегію щодо вашого продукту, ціни, місця та просування. Ці чотири функції, що стосуються логістики та маркетингу, допоможуть у досягненні цілей споживачів і, в кінцевому рахунку, доставити продукцію, яка виробляється, клієнту протягом терміну, який вони шукають. Розглядаючи маркетингову логістику, необхідно враховувати чотири функції. Тому в цьому блозі ми збираємося обговорити чотири функції маркетингової логістики. Чотири функції маркетингової логістики відносяться до наступного: 1) Доставка продукту - перша функція маркетингової логістики, яку слід розглянути, - це знайти ваших клієнтів і те, як ви плануєте доставити продукт споживачеві протягом терміну, який вони запитують. Це може відбуватися шляхом пошуку сторонніх логістичних операцій (3PL) або створення власної мережі дистрибуції, яка з легкістю доставить ваш продукт вашим клієнтам. Оскільки потреби в логістиці відрізняються для кожного клієнта, вам потрібно підготувати план для цих подій, щоб гарантувати, що очікування клієнтів завжди задовольняються. 2) Ціна – ціноутворення ґрунтуються на внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторах, для яких важливо, щоб маркетингова логістика визнавала ці цінові драйвери. Профіль клієнта, продукт і тип замовлення є факторами, які в кінцевому підсумку впливають на ціну. Ці зміни не контролюватимуться маркетинговою логістикою. Однак маркетингова логістика повинна вміти реагувати на ці фактори та розуміти, як фактори потенційно можуть вплинути на рішення споживачів. 3) Просування – у маркетингу просування є суттєвим завданням/темою, яка в кінцевому підсумку може призвести до збільшення продажів. Просування також є темою в маркетинговій логістиці. Коли новий продукт виходить на ринок, операція повинна забезпечити комунікацію та координацію та виробляти/використовувати правильні матеріали. Маркетингова логістика забезпечує спільну роботу суб'єктів господарювання та виготовлення маркетингових матеріалів, необхідних для адекватного продажу продукту. 4) Місце – маркетингова логістика дає можливість операції спрощувати операції між постачальником логістики та клієнтом. Загальна мета полягає в тому, щоб споживач не бачив, як продукт так швидко надходить до їхнього порога, таким чином ніколи не відкриваючи клієнту закулісний процес, пов’язаний з логістикою. Це тому, що вихід завжди важливіший, ніж процес зі споживачами. Також важливо мати склад або центр розподілу поблизу клієнтів, щоб гарантувати, що терміни доставки виконуються в терміни, про які вони запитують, що призведе до збільшення лояльності та збільшення клієнтів

The Data Trust Solution to Data Sharing Problems

A small number of large companies hold most of the world’s data. Once in the hands of these companies, data subjects have little control over the use and sharing of their data. Additionally, this data is not generally available to small and medium enterprises or organizations who seek to use it for social good. A number of solutions have been proposed to limit Big Tech “power,” including antitrust actions and stricter privacy laws, but these measures are not likely to address both the oversharing and under-sharing of personal data. Although the data trust concept is being actively explored in the United Kingdom, European Union, and Canada, this is the first Article to take an in-depth look at the viability of data trusts from a US perspective. A data trust is a governance device that places an independent fiduciary intermediary between Big Tech and human data subjects. This Article explores how data trusts might be configured as bundles of contracts in the information supply chain. In addition to their benefits for the social good, data trusts might contribute to relieve some of the tension between EU and US privacy practices

Term-driven E-Commerce

Die Arbeit nimmt sich der textuellen Dimension des E-Commerce an. Grundlegende Hypothese ist die textuelle Gebundenheit von Information und Transaktion im Bereich des elektronischen Handels. Überall dort, wo Produkte und Dienstleistungen angeboten, nachgefragt, wahrgenommen und bewertet werden, kommen natürlichsprachige Ausdrücke zum Einsatz. Daraus resultiert ist zum einen, wie bedeutsam es ist, die Varianz textueller Beschreibungen im E-Commerce zu erfassen, zum anderen können die umfangreichen textuellen Ressourcen, die bei E-Commerce-Interaktionen anfallen, im Hinblick auf ein besseres Verständnis natürlicher Sprache herangezogen werden

A business-oriented framework for enhancing web services security for e-business

Security within the Web services technology field is a complex and very topical issue. When considering using this technology suite to support interacting e-businesses, literature has shown that the challenge of achieving security becomes even more elusive. This is particularly true with regard to attaining a level of security beyond just applying technologies, that is trusted, endorsed and practiced by all parties involved. Attempting to address these problems, this research proposes BOF4WSS, a Business-Oriented Framework for enhancing Web Services Security in e-business. The novelty and importance of BOF4WSS is its emphasis on a tool-supported development methodology, in which collaborating e-businesses could achieve an enhanced and more comprehensive security and trust solution for their services interactions. This investigation began with an in-depth assessment of the literature in Web services, e-business, and their security. The outstanding issues identified paved the way for the creation of BOF4WSS. With appreciation of research limitations and the added value of framework tool-support, emphasis was then shifted to the provision of a novel solution model and tool to aid companies in the use and application of BOF4WSS. This support was targeted at significantly easing the difficulties incurred by businesses in transitioning between two crucial framework phases. To evaluate BOF4WSS and its supporting model and tool, a two-step approach was adopted. First, the solution model and tool were tested for compatibility with existing security approaches which they would need to work with in real-world scenarios. Second, the framework and tool were evaluated using interviews with industry-based security professionals who are experts in this field. The results of both these evaluations indicated a noteworthy degree of evidence to affirm the suitability and strength of the framework, model and tool. Additionally, these results also act to cement this thesis' proposals as innovative and significant contributions to the research field