Introduction to Presentation Attacks in Signature Biometrics and Recent Advances

Applications based on biometric authentication have received a lot of interest in the last years due to the breathtaking results obtained using personal traits such as face or fingerprint. However, it is important not to forget that these biometric systems have to withstand different types of possible attacks. This chapter carries out an analysis of different Presentation Attack (PA) scenarios for on-line handwritten signature verification. The main contributions of this chapter are: i) an updated overview of representative methods for Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) in signature biometrics; ii) a description of the different levels of PAs existing in on-line signature verification regarding the amount of information available to the impostor, as well as the training, effort, and ability to perform the forgeries; and iii) an evaluation of the system performance in signature biometrics under different scenarios considering recent publicly available signature databases, DeepSignDB and SVC2021_EvalDB. This work is in line with recent efforts in the Common Criteria standardization community towards security evaluation of biometric systems.Comment: Chapter of the Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing (Third Edition

Multisketches: Practical Secure Sketches Using Off-the-Shelf Biometric Matching Algorithms

Biometric authentication is increasingly being used for large scale human authentication and identification, creating the risk of leaking the biometric secrets of millions of users in the case of database compromise. Powerful ``fuzzy\u27\u27 cryptographic techniques for biometric template protection, such as secure sketches, could help in principle, but go unused in practice. This is because they would require new biometric matching algorithms with potentially much-diminished accuracy. We introduce a new primitive called a multisketch that generalizes secure sketches. Multisketches can work with existing biometric matching algorithms to generate strong cryptographic keys from biometric data reliably. A multisketch works on a biometric database containing multiple biometrics --- e.g., multiple fingerprints --- of a moderately large population of users (say, thousands). It conceals the correspondence between users and their biometric templates, preventing an attacker from learning the biometric data of a user in the advent of a breach, but enabling derivation of user-specific secret keys upon successful user authentication. We design a multisketch over tenprints --- fingerprints of ten fingers --- called TenSketch. We report on a prototype implementation of TenSketch, showing its feasibility in practice. We explore several possible attacks against TenSketch database and show, via simulations with real tenprint datasets, that an attacker must perform a large amount of computation to learn any meaningful information from a stolen TenSketch database

Deep Learning for Action and Gesture Recognition in Image Sequences: A Survey

Interest in automatic action and gesture recognition has grown considerably in the last few years. This is due in part to the large number of application domains for this type of technology. As in many other computer vision areas, deep learning based methods have quickly become a reference methodology for obtaining state-of-the-art performance in both tasks. This chapter is a survey of current deep learning based methodologies for action and gesture recognition in sequences of images. The survey reviews both fundamental and cutting edge methodologies reported in the last few years. We introduce a taxonomy that summarizes important aspects of deep learning for approaching both tasks. Details of the proposed architectures, fusion strategies, main datasets, and competitions are reviewed. Also, we summarize and discuss the main works proposed so far with particular interest on how they treat the temporal dimension of data, their highlighting features, and opportunities and challenges for future research. To the best of our knowledge this is the first survey in the topic. We foresee this survey will become a reference in this ever dynamic field of research

R/evolution: Social medicine in ink.

R/Evolution: Social Medicine in Ink, positions composition of written words in print vis-a-vis dominance of wider social communications via multi-sensory communications media. Given no mass medium is more of an antibiotic perceptually for this contemporaneous incubation than specialized visual fragmentation of the Latin alphabet typographically set on pages, marginalized ABCs machines press in ink provide modified relevance in supplying new circuit breaker demands for an electronic jungle we swamp ourselves with. Writers who disembody their expressions by descendants of Gutenberg\u27s technology thusly fully capitalize by writing in the mask of the artist-critic, to service to all atypically fit for facing an implosion underway of readers and of reading since channeling this fusion ecology is done eclectically, poetry with prose, fiction with non-fiction, as well as drama. This thesis models these efforts on revision of the trivium, lower division of the seven liberal arts of the Middle Ages, in attempting pattern recognition enchancement an anti-environment should foster, an information compass to users who become explorers of the globe online. Ergo to provide control and comprehension is to refashion Archimedes\u27 lever in the image of this new literacy: ability to adjust to perpetually shifting reality awash in the symbology of virtual dataspheres. The hypothesis in question is if there is beneficial generalization cognitively as much as physically an unspecialized hand enabled our ancestors on our revolutionary evolutionary path to adapt to and through tools that extend an increasingly obsolescent body that nature once predominantly nurtured--minds as hands, as antennae tuned for coded fields of feeds, evagination of tentacle of consciousness handling digital depths through grasping.Dept. of English Language, Literature, and Creative Writing. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .M67. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1152. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Precise vision: A resource websites for parents and educators

The purpose of this thesis was to provide an easily accessible resource for both parents and educators to help identify learning difficulties related to vision. Access to this resource site will be via the intemet system. A great deal of the information on the world wide web pertaining to vision and learning is not designed for easy use by lay people and can be difficult to access. Our intent was to provide useful easy to understand information on this site; internet links are provided to guide visitors who wish to pursue information in more specific areas of vision and learning. Through this medium we hope to be able to keep the information current, as the site can be maintained and updated as well as receive feedback via an nPacific University\u27s programs particularly education and optometry

Emerging ExG-based NUI Inputs in Extended Realities : A Bottom-up Survey

Incremental and quantitative improvements of two-way interactions with extended realities (XR) are contributing toward a qualitative leap into a state of XR ecosystems being efficient, user-friendly, and widely adopted. However, there are multiple barriers on the way toward the omnipresence of XR; among them are the following: computational and power limitations of portable hardware, social acceptance of novel interaction protocols, and usability and efficiency of interfaces. In this article, we overview and analyse novel natural user interfaces based on sensing electrical bio-signals that can be leveraged to tackle the challenges of XR input interactions. Electroencephalography-based brain-machine interfaces that enable thought-only hands-free interaction, myoelectric input methods that track body gestures employing electromyography, and gaze-tracking electrooculography input interfaces are the examples of electrical bio-signal sensing technologies united under a collective concept of ExG. ExG signal acquisition modalities provide a way to interact with computing systems using natural intuitive actions enriching interactions with XR. This survey will provide a bottom-up overview starting from (i) underlying biological aspects and signal acquisition techniques, (ii) ExG hardware solutions, (iii) ExG-enabled applications, (iv) discussion on social acceptance of such applications and technologies, as well as (v) research challenges, application directions, and open problems; evidencing the benefits that ExG-based Natural User Interfaces inputs can introduceto the areaof XR.Peer reviewe