A methodology for constructing compact Chinese font libraries by radical composition.

by Wai-Yip Tung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56).Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1. --- Previous work --- p.2Chapter 1.1.1. --- A Chinese METAFONT --- p.2Chapter 1.1.2. --- Chinese character generator --- p.2Chapter 1.1.3. --- Chinese Character Design System CCDS --- p.2Chapter 1.2. --- Goals of the thesis --- p.3Chapter 1.3. --- Overview of the thesis --- p.3Chapter 2. --- Construction of Chinese Characters --- p.5Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.5Chapter 2.2. --- liu shu(六書）Six Principles of Chinese Character Construction --- p.5Chapter 2.3. --- Structural Analysis of Chinese Characters --- p.7Chapter 2.3.1. --- Left-Right Structure --- p.8Chapter 2.3.2. --- Top-Bottom Structure --- p.9Chapter 2.3.3. --- Inside-Outside Structure --- p.10Chapter 2.3.4. --- Singleton Structure --- p.10Chapter 2.4. --- Usage frequency of radicals --- p.11Chapter 2.5. --- Usage frequency of Bushou --- p.11Chapter 2.6. --- Usage frequency of Shengpang --- p.13Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.15Chapter 3. --- Composition by Radicals --- p.17Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.17Chapter 3.2. --- Transforming radicals --- p.18Chapter 3.3. --- Quality of transformed radicals --- p.19Chapter 3.4. --- Lower level components --- p.20Chapter 3.5. --- Summary --- p.23Chapter 4. --- Automatic Hinting for Chinese Font --- p.24Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.24Chapter 4.2. --- Automatic hinting for Chinese font --- p.26Chapter 4.3. --- Stroke recognition --- p.30Chapter 4.3.1. --- Identify horizontal lines --- p.31Chapter 4.3.2. --- Identify stroke segments --- p.31Chapter 4.3.3. --- Stroke recognition --- p.32Chapter 4.4. --- Regularize stroke width --- p.33Chapter 4.5. --- Grid-fitting horizontal and vertical strokes --- p.33Chapter 4.6. --- Grid-fitting radicals --- p.37Chapter 4.7. --- Summary --- p.39Chapter 5. --- RADIT - A Chinese Font Editor --- p.41Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.41Chapter 5.2. --- RADIT basics --- p.41Chapter 5.2.1. --- Character selection window --- p.42Chapter 5.2.2. --- Character window --- p.42Chapter 5.2.3. --- Tools Palette --- p.43Chapter 5.2.4. --- Toolbar --- p.43Chapter 5.2.5. --- Zooming the character window --- p.44Chapter 5.3. --- Editing a character --- p.44Chapter 5.3.1. --- Selecting handles --- p.44Chapter 5.3.2. --- Adding lines and curves --- p.45Chapter 5.3.3. --- Delete control points --- p.45Chapter 5.3.4. --- Moving control points --- p.45Chapter 5.3.5. --- Cut and paste --- p.46Chapter 5.3.6. --- Undo --- p.46Chapter 5.4. --- Adding radicals to a character --- p.46Chapter 5.5. --- Rasterizing and grid-fitting a character --- p.47Chapter 5.5.1. --- Rasterizing a character --- p.48Chapter 5.5.2. --- Stroke detection and regularization --- p.48Chapter 5.5.3. --- Grid-fitting and rasterizing a character --- p.49Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.50Appendix A: Sample Fonts --- p.52References --- p.5

A new approach to the generation of Gray scale Chinese fonts.

by Poon Chi-cheung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-84).AbstractAcknowledgmentsPrefaceChapter Chapter 1: --- Font Systems --- p.1Representations of Character Images --- p.1Characteristics of Chinese Font System --- p.3Large Character Set --- p.3Condensed Strokes --- p.4Low Repetition Rate --- p.5WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) --- p.6Chapter Chapter 2: --- Human Visual System and Gray Scale Font --- p.9Human Visual System --- p.9Physiology --- p.9Spatial Frequencies --- p.10How much resolution is enough --- p.11Screen and Printer --- p.12Raster Display Devices --- p.13Printer --- p.14Resolution --- p.15Gray Scale Font --- p.15Generation of Gray Scale Font --- p.18Chapter Chapter 3: --- Digital Filtering Method for Gray Scale Font --- p.19Filtering Process --- p.19Weighted Functions --- p.21Generation of Gray Scale Character --- p.23Results --- p.24More Experiments --- p.24Problems --- p.26Speed and Storage --- p.26Impression of Strokes --- p.27Thin strokes in the small-size character --- p.30New Approach to Generate Gray Scale Font --- p.30Chapter Chapter 4: --- Rasterization Algorithms --- p.32Outline Font --- p.32TrueType Font --- p.33Scan Conversion --- p.35Basic Outline-to-Bitmap Conversion --- p.35Scan-converting Polygon --- p.36Rasterization of a character --- p.36Intersecting Points and Ranges --- p.37Straight Lines --- p.37Quadratic Bezier Curves --- p.38Implementation Techniques --- p.39Approximation of quadratic Bezier curve by straight lines --- p.39Simplification of the Filling Process --- p.41The Rasterization Algorithm --- p.45Chapter Chapter 5: --- Direct Rasterization with Gray Scale --- p.46Rasterization with Gray Scale --- p.46Determination of Gray Value of Boundary-pixel --- p.50Preliminary Results --- p.54Hinting --- p.56Rasterization with Hinting --- p.56Strokes Migration --- p.57Hints Finding --- p.59Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results and Conclusion --- p.62Quality --- p.66Comparison with Black-and-White Character --- p.66Hinted Against Unhinted --- p.71Generation Speeds --- p.75Discussion and Comments --- p.78Practical Font System --- p.79Conclusion --- p.80Bibliography --- p.8

The discourse in early digital type design technologies

This thesis is concerned with the development of digital type design technologies and the discourse around them through new environments during a period of radical change and transition in the type manufacturing industry. It maps the emergence of a new field by exploring environments of discourse such as trade associations, academic institutions and the publication landscape, established as a response to new communities and identifies them as catalysts of change. The research considers different numerical models of letterform description devised through academic research, corporate research and commercial endeavours during a phase of type manufacturing that spans from the zenith of phototype setting to the introduction of office-based laserprinting, covering most of the 1970s and 1980s. A particular event, identified as a highpoint in this discourse and as a main catalyst of change, is the Association Typographique Internationale’s working seminar hosted at Stanford University in the summer of 1983. It marks a focus point in these discussions during a period of several linear and concurrent developments, and it reflects issues that maintained their relevance after the introduction of the digital PostScript format, which followed the period surveyed in this thesis. Although more than a dozen digital type design systems were developed by 1983, this study is particularly concerned with five systems considered for presentation at the Stanford working seminar. While some of these systems found no particular use, others had some commercial success or even became well established among an international list of type manufacturers. All five encapsulate the relevant issues discussed at Stanford; from a research standpoint they are equally significant in providing information on the challenges type designers faced at the time. As this research investigates a relatively short and recent period, it is characterised by a lack of certain archival material. In addition to a handful of academic archives, this thesis heavily draws on primary source material, on records and artefacts from personal collections, on oral history as a method to record the voices of contemporary witnesses, and uses these sources as an opportunity to discover hidden figures that have been overlooked in the past. This thesis explores debated issues such as maintaining standards, while introducing new ones; shared responsibilities, collaborations as well as conflicts between designers and engineers; challenges and opportunities for established manufacturers versus an emerging generation of independent designers; as well as implications that new technologies had on the essentials of designing and digitizing type, from learning new terminology to measuring quality, dealing with compatibility and the introduction of automated and parametric design