47,298 research outputs found
ooDACE toolbox: a flexible object-oriented Kriging implementation
When analyzing data from computationally expensive simulation codes, surrogate modeling methods are firmly established as facilitators for design space exploration, sensitivity analysis, visualization and optimization. Kriging is a popular surrogate modeling technique used for the Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE). Hence, the past decade Kriging has been the subject of extensive research and many extensions have been proposed, e.g., co-Kriging, stochastic Kriging, blind Kriging, etc. However, few Kriging implementations are publicly available and tailored towards scientists and engineers. Furthermore, no Kriging toolbox exists that unifies several Kriging flavors. This paper addresses this need by presenting an efficient object-oriented Kriging implementation and several Kriging extensions, providing a flexible and easily extendable framework to test and implement new Kriging flavors while reusing as much code as possible
Network Kriging
Network service providers and customers are often concerned with aggregate
performance measures that span multiple network paths. Unfortunately, forming
such network-wide measures can be difficult, due to the issues of scale
involved. In particular, the number of paths grows too rapidly with the number
of endpoints to make exhaustive measurement practical. As a result, it is of
interest to explore the feasibility of methods that dramatically reduce the
number of paths measured in such situations while maintaining acceptable
accuracy.
We cast the problem as one of statistical prediction--in the spirit of the
so-called `kriging' problem in spatial statistics--and show that end-to-end
network properties may be accurately predicted in many cases using a
surprisingly small set of carefully chosen paths. More precisely, we formulate
a general framework for the prediction problem, propose a class of linear
predictors for standard quantities of interest (e.g., averages, totals,
differences) and show that linear algebraic methods of subset selection may be
used to effectively choose which paths to measure. We characterize the
performance of the resulting methods, both analytically and numerically. The
success of our methods derives from the low effective rank of routing matrices
as encountered in practice, which appears to be a new observation in its own
right with potentially broad implications on network measurement generally.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, single-space
Kriging Metamodeling in Simulation: A Review
This article reviews Kriging (also called spatial correlation modeling). It presents the basic Kriging assumptions and formulas contrasting Kriging and classic linear regression metamodels. Furthermore, it extends Kriging to random simulation, and discusses bootstrapping to estimate the variance of the Kriging predictor. Besides classic one-shot statistical designs such as Latin Hypercube Sampling, it reviews sequentialized and customized designs. It ends with topics for future research.Kriging;Metamodel;Response Surface;Interpolation;Design
On Prediction Properties of Kriging: Uniform Error Bounds and Robustness
Kriging based on Gaussian random fields is widely used in reconstructing
unknown functions. The kriging method has pointwise predictive distributions
which are computationally simple. However, in many applications one would like
to predict for a range of untried points simultaneously. In this work we obtain
some error bounds for the (simple) kriging predictor under the uniform metric.
It works for a scattered set of input points in an arbitrary dimension, and
also covers the case where the covariance function of the Gaussian process is
misspecified. These results lead to a better understanding of the rate of
convergence of kriging under the Gaussian or the Mat\'ern correlation
functions, the relationship between space-filling designs and kriging models,
and the robustness of the Mat\'ern correlation functions
The Correct Kriging Variance Estimated by Bootstrapping
The classic Kriging variance formula is widely used in geostatistics and in the design and analysis of computer experiments.This paper proves that this formula is wrong.Furthermore, it shows that the formula underestimates the Kriging variance in expectation.The paper develops parametric bootstrapping to estimate the Kriging variance.The new method is tested on several artificial examples and a real-life case study.These results demonstrate that the classic formula underestimates the true Kriging variance.Kriging;Kriging variance;bootstrapping;design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE);Monte Carlo;global optimization;black-box optimization
Kriging Interpolating Cosmic Velocity Field
[abridged] Volume-weighted statistics of large scale peculiar velocity is
preferred by peculiar velocity cosmology, since it is free of uncertainties of
galaxy density bias entangled in mass-weighted statistics. However, measuring
the volume-weighted velocity statistics from galaxy (halo/simulation particle)
velocity data is challenging. For the first time, we apply the Kriging
interpolation to obtain the volume-weighted velocity field. Kriging is a
minimum variance estimator. It predicts the most likely velocity for each place
based on the velocity at other places. We test the performance of Kriging
quantified by the E-mode velocity power spectrum from simulations. Dependences
on the variogram prior used in Kriging, the number of the nearby
particles to interpolate and the density of the observed sample are
investigated. First, we find that Kriging induces and systematics
at when
and , respectively. The deviation
increases for decreasing and increasing . When , a smoothing effect dominates small scales, causing
significant underestimation of the velocity power spectrum. Second, increasing
helps to recover small scale power. However, for cases, the recovery is limited. Finally, Kriging is
more sensitive to the variogram prior for lower sample density. The most
straightforward application of Kriging on the cosmic velocity field does not
show obvious advantages over the nearest-particle method (Zheng et al. 2013)
and could not be directly applied to cosmology so far. However, whether
potential improvements may be achieved by more delicate versions of Kriging is
worth further investigation.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, published in PR
Efficient simulation-driven design optimization of antennas using co-kriging
We present an efficient technique for design optimization of antenna structures. Our approach exploits coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulations of the antenna of interest that are used to create its fast initial model (a surrogate) through kriging. During the design process, the predictions obtained by optimizing the surrogate are verified using high-fidelity EM simulations, and this high-fidelity data is used to enhance the surrogate through co-kriging technique that accommodates all EM simulation data into one surrogate model. The co-kriging-based optimization algorithm is simple, elegant and is capable of yielding a satisfactory design at a low cost equivalent to a few high-fidelity EM simulations of the antenna structure. To our knowledge, this is a first application of co-kriging to antenna design. An application example is provided
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