Multi-qubit doilies: enumeration for all ranks and classification for ranks four and five

For $N \geq 2$, an $N$-qubit doily is a doily living in the $N$-qubit symplectic polar space. These doilies are related to operator-based proofs of quantum contextuality. Following and extending the strategy of Saniga et al. (Mathematics 9 (2021) 2272) that focused exclusively on three-qubit doilies, we first bring forth several formulas giving the number of both linear and quadratic doilies for any $N > 2$. Then we present an effective algorithm for the generation of all $N$-qubit doilies. Using this algorithm for $N=4$ and $N=5$, we provide a classification of $N$-qubit doilies in terms of types of observables they feature and number of negative lines they are endowed with. We also list several distinguished findings about $N$-qubit doilies that are absent in the three-qubit case, point out a couple of specific features exhibited by linear doilies and outline some prospective extensions of our approach.Comment: Minor revisions and corrections. Published in Journal of Computational Science, Volume 64, 2022, 101853, ISSN 1877-7503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2022.10185

On potential cognitive abilities in the machine kingdom

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11023-012-9299-6Animals, including humans, are usually judged on what they could become, rather than what they are. Many physical and cognitive abilities in the ‘animal kingdom’ are only acquired (to a given degree) when the subject reaches a certain stage of development, which can be accelerated or spoilt depending on how the environment, training or education is. The term ‘potential ability’ usually refers to how quick and likely the process of attaining the ability is. In principle, things should not be different for the ‘machine kingdom’. While machines can be characterised by a set of cognitive abilities, and measuring them is already a big challenge, known as ‘universal psychometrics’, a more informative, and yet more challenging, goal would be to also determine the potential cognitive abilities of a machine. In this paper we investigate the notion of potential cognitive ability for machines, focussing especially on universality and intelligence. We consider several machine characterisations (non-interactive and interactive) and give definitions for each case, considering permanent and temporal potentials. From these definitions, we analyse the relation between some potential abilities, we bring out the dependency on the environment distribution and we suggest some ideas about how potential abilities can be measured. Finally, we also analyse the potential of environments at different levels and briefly discuss whether machines should be designed to be intelligent or potentially intelligent.We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which have helped to significantly improve this paper. This work was supported by the MEC-MINECO projects CONSOLIDER-INGENIO CSD2007-00022 and TIN 2010-21062-C02-02, GVA project PROMETEO/2008/051, the COST - European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research IC0801 AT. Finally, we thank three pioneers ahead of their time(s). We thank Ray Solomonoff (1926-2009) and Chris Wallace (1933-2004) for all that they taught us, directly and indirectly. And, in his centenary year, we thank Alan Turing (1912-1954), with whom it perhaps all began.Hernández-Orallo, J.; Dowe, DL. (2013). On potential cognitive abilities in the machine kingdom. Minds and Machines. 23(2):179-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-012-9299-6S179210232Amari, S., Fujita, N., Shinomoto, S. (1992). Four types of learning curves. Neural Computation 4(4), 605–618.Aristotle (Translation, Introduction, and Commentary by Ross, W.D.) (1924). Aristotle’s Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Barmpalias, G. & Dowe, D. L. (2012). 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A Study of the Transient Response of Duct Junctions: Measurements and Gas-Dynamic Modeling with a Staggered Mesh Finite Volume Approach

[EN] Duct junctions play a major role in the operation and design of most piping systems. The objective of this paper is to establish the potential of a staggered mesh finite volume model as a way to improve the description of the effect of simple duct junctions on an otherwise one-dimensional flow system, such as the intake or exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Specific experiments have been performed in which different junctions have been characterized as a multi-port, and that have provided precise and reliable results on the propagation of pressure pulses across junctions. The results obtained have been compared to simulations performed with a staggered mesh finite volume method with different flux limiters and different meshes and, as a reference, have also been compared with the results of a more conventional pressure loss- based model. The results indicate that the staggered mesh finite volume model provides a closer description of wave dynamics, even if further work is needed to establish the optimal calculation settings.Manuel Hernandez is partially supported through contract FPI-S2-2015-1064 of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacin y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Torregrosa, AJ.; Broatch, A.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; Hernández-Marco, M. (2017). A Study of the Transient Response of Duct Junctions: Measurements and Gas-Dynamic Modeling with a Staggered Mesh Finite Volume Approach. Applied Sciences. 7(5):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7050480S12575Payri, F., Reyes, E., & Galindo, J. (2000). Analysis and Modeling of the Fluid-Dynamic Effects in Branched Exhaust Junctions of ICE. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 123(1), 197-203. doi:10.1115/1.1339988Tang, S. K. (2004). Sound transmission characteristics of Tee-junctions and the associated length corrections. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(1), 218-227. doi:10.1121/1.1631830Harrison, M. F., De Soto, I., & Rubio Unzueta, P. L. (2004). A linear acoustic model for multi-cylinder IC engine intake manifolds including the effects of the intake throttle. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 278(4-5), 975-1011. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.12.009Karlsson, M., & Åbom, M. (2011). Quasi-steady model of the acoustic scattering properties of a T-junction. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330(21), 5131-5137. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2011.05.012Karlsson, M., & Åbom, M. (2010). Aeroacoustics of T-junctions—An experimental investigation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329(10), 1793-1808. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2009.11.024Corberán, J. M. (1992). A New Constant Pressure Model for N-Branch Junctions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 206(2), 117-123. doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_167_02Schmandt, B., & Herwig, H. (2015). The head change coefficient for branched flows: Why «losses» due to junctions can be negative. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 54, 268-275. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2015.06.004Shaw, C. T., Lee, D. J., Richardson, S. H., & Pierson, S. (2000). Modelling the Effect of Plenum-Runner Interface Geometry on the Flow Through an Inlet System. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2000-01-0569Pérez-García, J., Sanmiguel-Rojas, E., Hernández-Grau, J., & Viedma, A. (2006). Numerical and experimental investigations on internal compressible flow at T-type junctions. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 31(1), 61-74. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.02.001Naeimi, H., Domiry, G., Gorji, M., Javadirad, G., & Keshavarz, M. (2011). A parametric design of compact exhaust manifold junction in heavy duty diesel engine using CFD. Thermal Science, 15(4), 1023-1033. doi:10.2298/tsci100417041nSakowitz, A., Mihaescu, M., & Fuchs, L. (2014). Turbulent flow mechanisms in mixing T-junctions by Large Eddy Simulations. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 45, 135-146. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.06.014Bassett, M. D., Winterbone, D. E., & Pearson, R. J. (2001). Calculation of steady flow pressure loss coefficients for pipe junctions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 215(8), 861-881. doi:10.1177/095440620121500801Hager, W. H. (1984). An Approximate Treatment of Flow in Branches and Bends. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 198(1), 63-69. doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1984_198_088_02Paul, J., Selamet, A., Miazgowicz, K. D., & Tallio, K. V. (2007). Combining Flow Losses at Circular T-Junctions Representative of Intake Plenum and Primary Runner Interface. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2007-01-0649Pérez-García, J., Sanmiguel-Rojas, E., & Viedma, A. (2010). New coefficient to characterize energy losses in compressible flow at T-junctions. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34(12), 4289-4305. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2010.05.005Wang, W., Lu, Z., Deng, K., & Qu, S. (2014). An experimental study of compressible combining flow at 45° T-junctions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 229(9), 1600-1610. doi:10.1177/0954406214546678Peters, B., & Gosman, A. D. (1993). Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow in Engine Intake Manifolds. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/930609Bingham, J. F., & Blair, G. P. (1985). An Improved Branched Pipe Model for Multi-Cylinder Automotive Engine Calculations. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering, 199(1), 65-77. doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1985_199_140_01William-Louis, M. J. P., Ould-El-Hadrami, A., & Tournier, C. (1998). On the calculation of the unsteady compressible flow through an N-branch junction. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 212(1), 49-56. doi:10.1243/0954406981521033Bassett, M. D., Pearson, R. J., Fleming, N. P., & Winterbone, D. E. (2003). A Multi-Pipe Junction Model for One-Dimensional Gas-Dynamic Simulations. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2003-01-0370Pearson, R. J., Bassett, M. D., Batten, P., Winterbone, D. E., & Weaver, N. W. E. (1999). Multi-Dimensional Wave Propagation in Pipe Junctions. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/1999-01-1186Bassett, M. D., Winterbone, D. E., & Pearson, R. J. (2000). Modelling Engines with Pulse Converted Exhaust Manifolds Using One-Dimensional Techniques. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2000-01-0290Montenegro, G., Onorati, A., Piscaglia, F., & D’Errico, G. (2007). Integrated 1D-MultiD Fluid Dynamic Models for the Simulation of I.C.E. Intake and Exhaust Systems. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2007-01-0495Onorati, A., Montenegro, G., D’Errico, G., & Piscaglia, F. (2010). Integrated 1D-3D Fluid Dynamic Simulation of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Complete Intake and Exhaust Systems. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2010-01-1194Montenegro, G., Onorati, A., & Della Torre, A. (2013). The prediction of silencer acoustical performances by 1D, 1D–3D and quasi-3D non-linear approaches. Computers & Fluids, 71, 208-223. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.10.016Morel, T., Silvestri, J., Goerg, K.-A., & Jebasinski, R. (1999). Modeling of Engine Exhaust Acoustics. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/1999-01-1665Sapsford, S. M., Richards, V. C. M., Amlee, D. R., Morel, T., & Chappell, M. T. (1992). Exhaust System Evaluation and Design by Non-Linear Modeling. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/920686Montenegro, G., Della Torre, A., Onorati, A., Fairbrother, R., & Dolinar, A. (2011). Development and Application of 3D Generic Cells to the Acoustic Modelling of Exhaust Systems. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2011-01-1526Payri, F., Desantes, J. M., & Broatch, A. (2000). Modified impulse method for the measurement of the frequency response of acoustic filters to weakly nonlinear transient excitations. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107(2), 731-738. doi:10.1121/1.428256Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Fernández, T., & Denia, F. D. (2006). Description and measurement of the acoustic characteristics of two-tailpipe mufflers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(2), 723. doi:10.1121/1.2159228Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Arnau, F. J., & Hernández, M. (2016). A non-linear quasi-3D model with Flux-Corrected-Transport for engine gas-exchange modelling. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 291, 103-111. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.034Montenegro, G., Della Torre, A., Onorati, A., & Fairbrother, R. (2013). A Nonlinear Quasi-3D Approach for the Modeling of Mufflers with Perforated Elements and Sound-Absorbing Material. Advances in Acoustics and Vibration, 2013, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/546120CMT—Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de Valènciahttp://www.openwam.org/Ikeda, T., & Nakagawa, T. (1979). On the SHASTA FCT Algorithm for the Equation ∂ρ ∂t + ∂ ∂x (υ(ρ)ρ) = 0. Mathematics of Computation, 33(148), 1157. doi:10.2307/2006453Toro, E. F., Spruce, M., & Speares, W. (1994). Restoration of the contact surface in the HLL-Riemann solver. Shock Waves, 4(1), 25-34. doi:10.1007/bf01414629Van Leer, B. (1979). Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. V. A second-order sequel to Godunov’s method. Journal of Computational Physics, 32(1), 101-136. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(79)90145-

Characterization of Structural Properties in High Reynolds Hydraulic Jump Based on CFD and Physical Modeling Approaches

[EN] A classical hydraulic jump with Froude number (Fr1=6) and Reynolds number (Re1=210,000) was characterized using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D, whose performance was assessed. The results were compared with experimental data from a physical model designed for this purpose. The most relevant hydraulic jump characteristics were investigated, including hydraulic jump efficiency, roller length, free surface profile, distributions of velocity and pressure, and fluctuating variables. The model outcome was also compared with previous results from the literature. Both CFD codes were found to represent with high accuracy the hydraulic jump surface profile, roller length, efficiency, and sequent depths ratio, consistently with previous research. Some significant differences were found between both CFD codes regarding velocity distributions and pressure fluctuations, although in general the results agree well with experimental and bibliographical observations. This finding makes models with these characteristics suitable for engineering applications involving the design and optimization of energy dissipation devices.The research presented herein was possible thanks to the Generalitat Valenciana predoctoral grants [Ref. (2015/7521)], in collaboration with the European Social Funds and to the research project La aireacion del flujo y su implementacion en prototipo para la mejora de la disipacion de energia de la lamina vertiente por resalto hidraulico en distintos tipos de presas (BIA2017-85412-C2-1-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy.Macián Pérez, JF.; Bayón, A.; García-Bartual, R.; López Jiménez, PA.; Vallés-Morán, FJ. (2020). Characterization of Structural Properties in High Reynolds Hydraulic Jump Based on CFD and Physical Modeling Approaches. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 146(12):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001820S11314612Abdul Khader, M. H., & Elango, K. (1974). TURBULENT PRESSURE FIELD BENEATH A HYDRAULIC JUMP. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 12(4), 469-489. doi:10.1080/00221687409499725Bakhmeteff B. A. and A. E. Matzke. 1936. “The hydraulic jump in terms of dynamic similarity.” In Vol. 101 of Proc. American Society of Civil Engineers 630–647. Reston VA: ASCE.Bayon A. 2017. “Numerical analysis of air-water flows in hydraulic structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).” Ph.D. thesis Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering Universitat Politècnica de València.Bayon-Barrachina, A., & Lopez-Jimenez, P. A. (2015). Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17(4), 662-678. doi:10.2166/hydro.2015.041Bayon A. J. F. Macián-Pérez F. J. Vallés-Morán and P. A. López-Jiménez. 2019. “Effect of RANS turbulence model in hydraulic jump CFD simulations.” In E-proc. 38th IAHR World Congress. Panama City Panama: Spanish Ministry of Economy.Bayon, A., Toro, J. P., Bombardelli, F. A., Matos, J., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2018). Influence of VOF technique, turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated, skimming flow in stepped spillways. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 19, 137-149. doi:10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Vallés-Morán, F. ​José, & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump. Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018Bennett, N. D., Croke, B. F. W., Guariso, G., Guillaume, J. H. A., Hamilton, S. H., Jakeman, A. J., … Andreassian, V. (2013). Characterising performance of environmental models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 40, 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011Biswas, R., & Strawn, R. C. (1998). Tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh adaptation for CFD problems. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 26(1-2), 135-151. doi:10.1016/s0168-9274(97)00092-5Blocken, B., & Gualtieri, C. (2012). Ten iterative steps for model development and evaluation applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics. Environmental Modelling & Software, 33, 1-22. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.001Bombardelli, F. A., Meireles, I., & Matos, J. (2010). Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 11(3), 263-288. doi:10.1007/s10652-010-9188-6Bradshaw, P. (1997). Understanding and prediction of turbulent flow—1996. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 18(1), 45-54. doi:10.1016/s0142-727x(96)00134-8Caishui, H. (2012). Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Flow Pattern in Pressure Forebay of Hydropower Station. Procedia Engineering, 28, 128-135. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.694Castillo L. G. J. M. Carrillo J. T. García and A. Vigueras-Rodríguez. 2014. “Numerical simulations and laboratory measurements in hydraulic jumps.” In Proc. 11th Int. Conf. of Hydroinformatics. New York: Spanish Ministry of Economy.Castro-Orgaz, O., & Hager, W. H. (2009). Classical hydraulic jump: basic flow features. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 47(6), 744-754. doi:10.3826/jhr.2009.3610Procedure for Estimation and Reporting of Uncertainty Due to Discretization in CFD Applications. (2008). Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130(7), 078001. doi:10.1115/1.2960953Chachereau, Y., & Chanson, H. (2011). Free-surface fluctuations and turbulence in hydraulic jumps. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(6), 896-909. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.01.009Chanson, H. (2006). Bubble entrainment, spray and splashing at hydraulic jumps. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 7(8), 1396-1405. doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.a1396Chanson, H. (2009). Current knowledge in hydraulic jumps and related phenomena. A survey of experimental results. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, 28(2), 191-210. doi:10.1016/j.euromechflu.2008.06.004Chanson, H. (2013). Hydraulics of aerated flows:qui pro quo? Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51(3), 223-243. doi:10.1080/00221686.2013.795917Chanson, H., & Brattberg, T. (2000). Experimental study of the air–water shear flow in a hydraulic jump. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(4), 583-607. doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(99)00016-6Chanson, H., & Gualtieri, C. (2008). Similitude and scale effects of air entrainment in hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46(1), 35-44. doi:10.1080/00221686.2008.9521841Chanson, H., & Montes, J. S. (1995). Characteristics of Undular Hydraulic Jumps: Experimental Apparatus and Flow Patterns. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(2), 129-144. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:2(129)Cheng, C.-K., Tai, Y.-C., & Jin, Y.-C. (2017). Particle Image Velocity Measurement and Mesh-Free Method Modeling Study of Forced Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 143(9), 04017028. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001325Dong, Wang, Vetsch, Boes, & Tan. (2019). Numerical Simulation of Air–Water Two-Phase Flow on Stepped Spillways Behind X-Shaped Flaring Gate Piers under Very High Unit Discharge. Water, 11(10), 1956. doi:10.3390/w11101956Fuentes-Pérez, J. F., Silva, A. T., Tuhtan, J. A., García-Vega, A., Carbonell-Baeza, R., Musall, M., & Kruusmaa, M. (2018). 3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways. Environmental Modelling & Software, 99, 156-169. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.011Gualtieri, C., & Chanson, H. (2007). Experimental analysis of Froude number effect on air entrainment in the hydraulic jump. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7(3), 217-238. doi:10.1007/s10652-006-9016-1Hager, W. H. (1992). Energy Dissipators and Hydraulic Jump. Water Science and Technology Library. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8048-9Hager, W. H., & Bremen, R. (1989). Classical hydraulic jump: sequent depths. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 27(5), 565-585. doi:10.1080/00221688909499111Hager, W. H., Bremen, R., & Kawagoshi, N. (1990). Classical hydraulic jump: length of roller. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(5), 591-608. doi:10.1080/00221689009499048Heller, V. (2011). Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49(3), 293-306. doi:10.1080/00221686.2011.578914Hirt, C. ., & Nichols, B. . (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201-225. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5Ho, D. K. H., & Riddette, K. M. (2010). Application of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate hydraulic performance of spillways in australia. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(1), 81-104. doi:10.1080/14488353.2010.11463946Jesudhas, V., Balachandar, R., Roussinova, V., & Barron, R. (2018). Turbulence Characteristics of Classical Hydraulic Jump Using DES. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 144(6), 04018022. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001427Jesudhas, V., Roussinova, V., Balachandar, R., & Barron, R. (2017). Submerged Hydraulic Jump Study Using DES. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 143(3), 04016091. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001231KIM, J. (2004). A numerical study of the effects of ambient wind direction on flow and dispersion in urban street canyons using the RNG k?? turbulence model. 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Experimental Study on Single-Hole Injection of Kerosene into Pressurized Quiescent Environments. Journal of Energy Engineering, 144(3), 04018014. doi:10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000536Ma, J., Oberai, A. A., Lahey, R. T., & Drew, D. A. (2011). Modeling air entrainment and transport in a hydraulic jump using two-fluid RANS and DES turbulence models. Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(8), 911-919. doi:10.1007/s00231-011-0867-8McCorquodale, J. A., & Khalifa, A. (1983). Internal Flow in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(5), 684-701. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1983)109:5(684)McDonald P. W. 1971. “The computation of transonic flow through two-dimensional gas turbine cascades.” In Proc. ASME 1971 Int. Gas Turbine Conf. and Products Show. Houston: International Gas Turbine Institute.Mossa, M. (1999). On the oscillating characteristics of hydraulic jumps. 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Sensitivity of turbulent Schmidt number and turbulence model to simulations of jets in crossflow. Environmental Modelling & Software, 82, 218-228. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.030Valero, D., Viti, N., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment. Water, 11(1), 36. doi:10.3390/w11010036Viti, N., Valero, D., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook. Water, 11(1), 28. doi:10.3390/w11010028von Kármán T. 1930. “Mechanische Ähnlichkeit und Turbulenz.” In Proc. 3rd Int. Congress on Applied Mechanics. New York: Springer.Wang H. 2014. “Turbulence and air entrainment in hydraulic jumps.” Ph.D. thesis Dept. of Civil Engineering Univ. of Queensland.Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2013). Air entrainment and turbulent fluctuations in hydraulic jumps. Urban Water Journal, 12(6), 502-518. doi:10.1080/1573062x.2013.847464Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2015). Experimental Study of Turbulent Fluctuations in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(7), 04015010. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001010Weller, H. G., Tabor, G., Jasak, H., & Fureby, C. (1998). A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object-oriented techniques. Computers in Physics, 12(6), 620. doi:10.1063/1.168744Witt, A., Gulliver, J., & Shen, L. (2015). Simulating air entrainment and vortex dynamics in a hydraulic jump. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 72, 165-180. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.02.012Wu, J., Zhou, Y., & Ma, F. (2018). Air entrainment of hydraulic jump aeration basin. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 30(5), 962-965. doi:10.1007/s42241-018-0088-4Xiang, M., Cheung, S. C. P., Tu, J. Y., & Zhang, W. H. (2014). A multi-fluid modelling approach for the air entrainment and internal bubbly flow region in hydraulic jumps. Ocean Engineering, 91, 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.08.016Yakhot, V., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B., & Speziale, C. G. (1992). Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4(7), 1510-1520. doi:10.1063/1.858424Zhang, G., Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2012). Turbulence and aeration in hydraulic jumps: free-surface fluctuation and integral turbulent scale measurements. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 13(2), 189-204. doi:10.1007/s10652-012-9254-

Analysis of the Flow in a Typified USBR II Stilling Basin through a Numerical and Physical Modeling Approach

[EN] Adaptation of stilling basins to higher discharges than those considered for their design implies deep knowledge of the flow developed in these structures. To this end, the hydraulic jump occurring in a typified United States Bureau of Reclamation Type II (USBR II) stilling basin was analyzed using a numerical and experimental modeling approach. A reduced-scale physical model to conduct an experimental campaign was built and a numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was prepared to carry out the corresponding simulations. Both models were able to successfully reproduce the case study in terms of hydraulic jump shape, velocity profiles, and pressure distributions. The analysis revealed not only similarities to the flow in classical hydraulic jumps but also the influence of the energy dissipation devices existing in the stilling basin, all in good agreement with bibliographical information, despite some slight differences. Furthermore, the void fraction distribution was analyzed, showing satisfactory performance of the physical model, although the numerical approach presented some limitations to adequately represent the flow aeration mechanisms, which are discussed herein. Overall, the presented modeling approach can be considered as a useful tool to address the analysis of free surface flows occurring in stilling basins.This research was funded by 'Generalitat Valenciana predoctoral grants (Grant number [2015/7521])', in collaboration with the European Social Funds and by the research project: 'La aireacion del flujo y su implementacion en prototipo para la mejora de la disipacion de energia de la lamina vertiente por resalto hidraulico en distintos tipos de presas' (BIA2017-85412-C2-1-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy.Macián Pérez, JF.; García-Bartual, R.; Huber, B.; Bayón, A.; Vallés-Morán, FJ. (2020). Analysis of the Flow in a Typified USBR II Stilling Basin through a Numerical and Physical Modeling Approach. Water. 12(1):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010227S120121Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Vallés-Morán, F. ​José, & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump. Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018Chanson, H. (2008). Turbulent air–water flows in hydraulic structures: dynamic similarity and scale effects. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 9(2), 125-142. doi:10.1007/s10652-008-9078-3Heller, V. (2011). Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49(3), 293-306. doi:10.1080/00221686.2011.578914Chanson, H. (2013). Hydraulics of aerated flows:qui pro quo? Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51(3), 223-243. doi:10.1080/00221686.2013.795917Blocken, B., & Gualtieri, C. (2012). Ten iterative steps for model development and evaluation applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics. Environmental Modelling & Software, 33, 1-22. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.001Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2015). Experimental Study of Turbulent Fluctuations in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(7), 04015010. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001010Valero, D., Viti, N., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment. Water, 11(1), 36. doi:10.3390/w11010036Viti, N., Valero, D., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook. Water, 11(1), 28. doi:10.3390/w11010028Bayon-Barrachina, A., & Lopez-Jimenez, P. A. (2015). Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17(4), 662-678. doi:10.2166/hydro.2015.041Teuber, K., Broecker, T., Bayón, A., Nützmann, G., & Hinkelmann, R. (2019). CFD-modelling of free surface flows in closed conduits. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal, 19(6), 368. doi:10.1504/pcfd.2019.103266Chachereau, Y., & Chanson, H. (2011). Free-surface fluctuations and turbulence in hydraulic jumps. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(6), 896-909. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.01.009Zhang, G., Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2012). Turbulence and aeration in hydraulic jumps: free-surface fluctuation and integral turbulent scale measurements. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 13(2), 189-204. doi:10.1007/s10652-012-9254-3Mossa, M. (1999). On the oscillating characteristics of hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 37(4), 541-558. doi:10.1080/00221686.1999.9628267Chanson, H., & Brattberg, T. (2000). Experimental study of the air–water shear flow in a hydraulic jump. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(4), 583-607. doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(99)00016-6Murzyn, F., Mouaze, D., & Chaplin, J. R. (2005). Optical fibre probe measurements of bubbly flow in hydraulic jumps. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 31(1), 141-154. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2004.09.004Gualtieri, C., & Chanson, H. (2007). Experimental analysis of Froude number effect on air entrainment in the hydraulic jump. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7(3), 217-238. doi:10.1007/s10652-006-9016-1Chanson, H., & Gualtieri, C. (2008). Similitude and scale effects of air entrainment in hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46(1), 35-44. doi:10.1080/00221686.2008.9521841Ho, D. K. H., & Riddette, K. M. (2010). Application of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate hydraulic performance of spillways in australia. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(1), 81-104. doi:10.1080/14488353.2010.11463946Dong, Wang, Vetsch, Boes, & Tan. (2019). Numerical Simulation of Air–Water Two-Phase Flow on Stepped Spillways Behind X-Shaped Flaring Gate Piers under Very High Unit Discharge. Water, 11(10), 1956. doi:10.3390/w11101956Toso, J. W., & Bowers, C. E. (1988). Extreme Pressures in Hydraulic‐Jump Stilling Basins. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114(8), 829-843. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1988)114:8(829)Houichi, L., Ibrahim, G., & Achour, B. (2006). Experiments for the Discharge Capacity of the Siphon Spillway Having the Creager-Ofitserov Profile. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 33(5), 395-406. doi:10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v33.i5.10Padulano, R., Fecarotta, O., Del Giudice, G., & Carravetta, A. (2017). Hydraulic Design of a USBR Type II Stilling Basin. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 143(5), 04017001. doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001150Hirt, C. ., & Nichols, B. . (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201-225. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5Bombardelli, F. A., Meireles, I., & Matos, J. (2010). Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 11(3), 263-288. doi:10.1007/s10652-010-9188-6Pope, S. B. (2001). Turbulent Flows. Measurement Science and Technology, 12(11), 2020-2021. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/12/11/705Harlow, F. H. (1967). Turbulence Transport Equations. Physics of Fluids, 10(11), 2323. doi:10.1063/1.1762039Launder, B. E., & Sharma, B. I. (1974). Application of the energy-dissipation model of turbulence to the calculation of flow near a spinning disc. Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1(2), 131-137. doi:10.1016/0094-4548(74)90150-7Yakhot, V., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B., & Speziale, C. G. (1992). Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4(7), 1510-1520. doi:10.1063/1.858424Li, S., & Zhang, J. (2018). Numerical Investigation on the Hydraulic Properties of the Skimming Flow over Pooled Stepped Spillway. Water, 10(10), 1478. doi:10.3390/w10101478Zhang, W., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Dong, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Characteristics in A Vortex Drop Shaft. Water, 10(10), 1393. doi:10.3390/w10101393Xiang, M., Cheung, S. C. P., Tu, J. Y., & Zhang, W. H. (2014). A multi-fluid modelling approach for the air entrainment and internal bubbly flow region in hydraulic jumps. Ocean Engineering, 91, 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.08.016Procedure for Estimation and Reporting of Uncertainty Due to Discretization in CFD Applications. (2008). Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130(7), 078001. doi:10.1115/1.2960953Cartellier, A., & Achard, J. L. (1991). Local phase detection probes in fluid/fluid two‐phase flows. 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H., Bremen, R., & Kawagoshi, N. (1990). Classical hydraulic jump: length of roller. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(5), 591-608. doi:10.1080/00221689009499048Bennett, N. D., Croke, B. F. W., Guariso, G., Guillaume, J. H. A., Hamilton, S. H., Jakeman, A. J., … Andreassian, V. (2013). Characterising performance of environmental models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 40, 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011McCorquodale, J. A., & Khalifa, A. (1983). Internal Flow in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(5), 684-701. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1983)109:5(684)Kirkgöz, M. S., & Ardiçlioğlu, M. (1997). Velocity Profiles of Developing and Developed Open Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123(12), 1099-1105. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1997)123:12(1099

Identifying and classifying attributes of packaging for customer satisfaction-A Kano Model Approach

[EN] The packaging industry in India is predicted to grow at 18% annually. In recent years Packaging becomes a potential marketing tool. The marketer should design the packaging of high quality from customer perspective.  As the research in the area of packaging is very few, study of quality attributes of Packaging is the need of the hour and inevitable. An empirical research was conducted by applying Kano Model. The researcher is interested to find out the perception of the customers on 22 quality attributes of packaging. 500 respondents which were selected randomly were asked about their experience of packing on everyday commodities through a well-structured questionnaire.  The classification of attribute as must-be quality, one-dimensional quality, attractive quality, indifferent quality and reverse quality was done by three methods. Marketer should make a note of it and prioritise the attributes for customer satisfaction.Dash, SK. (2021). Identifying and classifying attributes of packaging for customer satisfaction-A Kano Model Approach. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 9(1):57-64. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2021.13683OJS576491Bakhitar, A.,Hannan, A., Basit, A., Ahmad, J.(2015). Prioritization of value based services of software by using AHP and fuzzy KANO model. International Conference on Computational and Social Sciences, 8, 25- 27.Basfirinci, C., Mitra, A. (2015). A cross cultural investigation of airlines service quality through integration of Servqual and the Kano model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42(1), 239-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.11.005Berger, C., Blauth, R., Boger, D., Bolster, C., Burchill, G., DuMouchel, W., Pouliot, F., Richter, R., Rubinoff, A., Shen, D., Timko, M., Walden, D. (1993). Kano's methods for understanding customer-defined quality. The Center for Quality of Management Journal, 2(4), 2-36.Brown, G.H. (1950). Measuring consumer attitudes towards products. Journal of Marketing, 14(5), 691-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224295001400505Chaudha, A., Jain, R., Singh, A.R., Mishra, P.K. (2011). Integration of Kano's Model into Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Journal Advice Manufacture Technology, 53, 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2867-0Cole, R.E. (2001). From continuous improvement to continuous innovation. Quality Management Journal, 8(4), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2001.11918977Dash, S.K. (2019). Application of Kano Model in Identifying Attributes. A Case Study on School Bus Services. International Journal of Management Studies, 6(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i1(3)/03Dziuba, S.T., Śron, B. (2014). FAM-FMC system as an alternative element of the software used in a grain and flour milling enterprise. Production Engineering Archives, 4(3),29-31. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2014.04.08Ernzer, M., Kopp, K.(2003). Application of KANO method to life cycle design. IEEE Proceedings of Eco Design: Third International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious De-sign and Inverse Manufacturing, Tokyo Japan, December 8-11, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2003.1322697Feigenbaum, A.V. (1991).Total Quality Control. McGraw-Hill. Fundin, A., Nilsson, L. (2003). Using Kano's theory of attractive quality to better understand customer satisfaction with e-services. Asian Journal on Quality, 4(2), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200300018Friman, M., Edvardsson, B. (2003). A content analysis of complaints and compliments. Managing Service Quality, 13(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520310456681Garvin, D.A. (1987). Competing on the eight dimensions of quality. Harvard Business Review, 65(6), 101-109.Hanan, M., Karp, P. (1989). Customer satisfaction, how to maximise, measure and market your company's "ultimate product". AMACOM.Herzberg, F., Bernard, M., Snyderman, B.B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. John Wiley and Sons.Hoch, S.J., Ha, Y.W. (1986). Consumer learning: advertising and the ambiguity of product experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 221-33.https://doi.org/10.1086/209062Johnson, M.D., Nilsson, L. (2003). The Importance of Reliability and Customization from Goods to Services. Quality Management Journal, 10(1), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2003.11919049Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., Tsuji, S. (1984). Attractive Quality and Must-Be Quality. Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control, 41, 39-48.Kapalle, P.K, Lehmann, D.R. (1995). The effects of advertised and observed quality on expectations about new product quality. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(8), 280-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379503200304Lee, M.C., Newcomb, J.F. (1997). Applying the Kano methodology to meet customer requirements: NASA's microgravity science program. Quality Management Journal, 4(3), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.1997.11918805Löfgren, M. (2005). Winning at the first and second moments of truth: An exploratory study. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 15(1), 102-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520510575290Löfgren, M., Witell, L. (2005). Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. Quality Management Journal, 12(3), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2005.11919257Matzler, K., Hinterhuber, H.H., Bailom, F., Sauerwein, E. (1996). How to delight your customers. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 5(2), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610429610119469Miarka, D., Żukowska, J., Siwek, A., Nowacka,A., Nowak, D. (2015). Microbial hazards reduction during creamy cream cheese production. Production Engineering Archives, 6(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2015.06.10Nelson, P. (1970), Information and consumer behaviour. Journal of Political Economy, 78, 311-29. https://doi.org/10.1086/259630Nilsson-Witell, L, Fundin, A. (2005). Dynamics of service attributes: a test of Kano's theory of attractive quality. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16(2), 152-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230510592289Parasuraman, A. (1997). Reflections on gaining competitive advantage through customer value. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 25(2), 154-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894351Parasuraman, A., Colby, C.L. (2001). Techno-Ready Marketing. Free Press.Qiting, P., Uno, N., Kubota, Y. (2013). Kano Model Analysis of Customer Needs and Satisfaction at the Shanghai Disneyland. In Proceedings of the 5th Intl Congress of the Intl Association of Societies of Design Research, Tokyo, Japan. http://design-cu.jp/iasdr2013/papers/1835-1b.pdf Accessed on January 2021.Sauerwein, E., Bailom, F., Matzler, K., Hinterhuber, H.H. (1996). The Kano Model: How to delight your Customers. Volume I of the IX. International Working Seminar on Production Economics, Innsbruck/Igls/Austria, February 19-23 1996, pp. 313-327. https://is.muni. cz/el/econ/podzim2009/MPH_MAR2/um/9899067/THE_KANO_MODEL_-_HOW_TO_DELIGHT_YOUR_CUSTOMERS.pdfShewhart, W.A. (1931). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.Underwood, R.L., Klein, N.M. (2002). Packaging as Brand Communication: Effects of Product Pictures on Consumer Responses to the Package and Brand. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2002.11501926Underwood, R.L. Klein, N.M., Burke, R.R. (2001). Packaging communication: attentional effects of product imagery. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(7), 403-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420110410531Watson, G.H. (2003), "Customer focus and competitiveness", in Stephens, K.S. (Ed.), Six Sigma and Related Studies in the Quality Disciplines, ASQ Quality Press, Milwaukee, WI.Williams, D. (2020). 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Evaluation of different heat transfer conditions on an automotive turbocharger

This paper presents a combination of theoretical and experimental investigations for determining the main heat fluxes within a turbocharger. These investigations consider several engine speeds and loads as well as different methods of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer on the turbocharger. A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the turbocharger has been developed in combination with simulation of a turbocharged engine that includes the heat transfer of the turbocharger. Both the heat transfer model and the simulation were validated against experimental measurements. Various methods were compared for calculating heat transfer from the external surfaces of the turbocharger, and one new method was suggested. The effects of different heat transfer conditions were studied on the heat fluxes of the turbocharger using experimental techniques. The different heat transfer conditions on the turbocharger created dissimilar temperature gradients across the turbocharger. The results show that changing the convection heat transfer condition around the turbocharger affects the heat fluxes more noticeably than changing the radiation and conduction heat transfer conditions. Moreover, the internal heat transfers from the turbine to the bearing housing and from the bearing housing to the compressor are significant, but there is an order of magnitude difference between these heat transfer rates.The Swedish Energy Agency and KTH Royal Institute of Technology sponsored this work within the Competence Centre for Gas Exchange (CCGEx).Aghaali, H.; Angström, H.; Serrano Cruz, JR. (2015). Evaluation of different heat transfer conditions on an automotive turbocharger. International Journal of Engine Research. 16(2):137-151. doi:10.1177/1468087414524755S137151162Romagnoli, A., & Martinez-Botas, R. (2012). Heat transfer analysis in a turbocharger turbine: An experimental and computational evaluation. Applied Thermal Engineering, 38, 58-77. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.12.022Romagnoli, A., & Martinez-Botas, R. (2009). Heat Transfer on a Turbocharger Under Constant Load Points. Volume 5: Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery; Oil and Gas Applications. doi:10.1115/gt2009-59618Baines, N., Wygant, K. D., & Dris, A. (2010). The Analysis of Heat Transfer in Automotive Turbochargers. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 132(4). doi:10.1115/1.3204586Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Páez, A., & Vidal, F. (2010). An experimental procedure to determine heat transfer properties of turbochargers. Measurement Science and Technology, 21(3), 035109. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/21/3/035109Bohn, D., Heuer, T., & Kusterer, K. (2005). Conjugate Flow and Heat Transfer Investigation of a Turbo Charger. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 127(3), 663-669. doi:10.1115/1.1839919Galindo, J., Luján, J. M., Serrano, J. R., Dolz, V., & Guilain, S. (2006). Description of a heat transfer model suitable to calculate transient processes of turbocharged diesel engines with one-dimensional gas-dynamic codes. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(1), 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.04.010Sirakov, B., & Casey, M. (2012). Evaluation of Heat Transfer Effects on Turbocharger Performance. Journal of Turbomachinery, 135(2). doi:10.1115/1.4006608Serrano, J., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F., Reyes-Belmonte, M., & Lefebvre, A. (2013). Importance of Heat Transfer Phenomena in Small Turbochargers for Passenger Car Applications. SAE International Journal of Engines, 6(2), 716-728. doi:10.4271/2013-01-0576Larsson, P.-I., Westin, F., Andersen, J., Vetter, J., & Zumeta, A. (2009). Efficient turbo charger testing. MTZ worldwide, 70(7-8), 16-21. doi:10.1007/bf03226965Aghaali, H., & Ångström, H.-E. (2012). Turbocharged SI-Engine Simulation With Cold and Hot-Measured Turbocharger Performance Maps. Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles. doi:10.1115/gt2012-68758Leufven, O., & Eriksson, L. (2012). Investigation of compressor correction quantities for automotive applications. International Journal of Engine Research, 13(6), 588-606. doi:10.1177/146808741243901

Summarization of Spanish Talk Shows with Siamese Hierarchical Attention Networks

[EN] In this paper, we present an approach to Spanish talk shows summarization. Our approach is based on the use of Siamese Neural Networks on the transcription of the show audios. Specifically, we propose to use Hierarchical Attention Networks to select the most relevant sentences for each speaker about a given topic in the show, in order to summarize his opinion about the topic. We train these networks in a siamese way to determine whether a summary is appropriate or not. Previous evaluation of this approach on summarization task of English newspapers achieved performances similar to other state-of-the-art systems. In the absence of enough transcribed or recognized speech data to train our system for talk show summarization in Spanish, we acquire a large corpus of document-summary pairs from Spanish newspapers and we use it to train our system. We choose this newspapers domain due to its high similarity with the topics addressed in talk shows. A preliminary evaluation of our summarization system on Spanish TV programs shows the adequacy of the proposal.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish MINECO and FEDER founds under project AMIC (TIN2017-85854-C4-2-R). Work of Jose-Angel Gonzalez is financed by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia under grant PAID-01-17.González-Barba, JÁ.; Hurtado Oliver, LF.; Segarra Soriano, E.; García-Granada, F.; Sanchís Arnal, E. (2019). Summarization of Spanish Talk Shows with Siamese Hierarchical Attention Networks. Applied Sciences. 9(18):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183836S113918Carbonell, J., & Goldstein, J. (1998). The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries. Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR ’98. doi:10.1145/290941.291025Erkan, G., & Radev, D. R. (2004). LexRank: Graph-based Lexical Centrality as Salience in Text Summarization. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 22, 457-479. doi:10.1613/jair.1523Lloret, E., & Palomar, M. (2011). Text summarisation in progress: a literature review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 37(1), 1-41. doi:10.1007/s10462-011-9216-zSee, A., Liu, P. J., & Manning, C. D. (2017). Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networks. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). doi:10.18653/v1/p17-1099Narayan, S., Cohen, S. B., & Lapata, M. (2018). Ranking Sentences for Extractive Summarization with Reinforcement Learning. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1158González, J.-Á., Segarra, E., García-Granada, F., Sanchis, E., & Hurtado, L.-F. (2019). Siamese hierarchical attention networks for extractive summarization. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 36(5), 4599-4607. doi:10.3233/jifs-179011Furui, S., Kikuchi, T., Shinnaka, Y., & Hori, C. (2004). Speech-to-Text and Speech-to-Speech Summarization of Spontaneous Speech. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 12(4), 401-408. doi:10.1109/tsa.2004.828699Shih-Hung Liu, Kuan-Yu Chen, Chen, B., Hsin-Min Wang, Hsu-Chun Yen, & Wen-Lian Hsu. (2015). Combining Relevance Language Modeling and Clarity Measure for Extractive Speech Summarization. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 23(6), 957-969. doi:10.1109/taslp.2015.2414820Yang, Z., Yang, D., Dyer, C., He, X., Smola, A., & Hovy, E. (2016). Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classification. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. doi:10.18653/v1/n16-1174Conneau, A., Kiela, D., Schwenk, H., Barrault, L., & Bordes, A. (2017). Supervised Learning of Universal Sentence Representations from Natural Language Inference Data. Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1070Deerwester, S., Dumais, S. T., Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., & Harshman, R. (1990). Indexing by latent semantic analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 41(6), 391-407. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199009)41:63.0.co;2-

Design and Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Scaled Volute and Vaned Nozzle of Radial Turbocharger Turbines

[EN] Over the past few decades, the aerodynamic improvements of turbocharger turbines contributed significantly to the overall efficiency augmentation and the advancements in downsizing of internal combustion engines. Due to the compact size of automotive turbochargers, the experimental measurement of the complex internal aerodynamics has been insufficiently studied. Hence, turbine designs mostly rely on the results of numerical simulations and the validation of zero-dimensional parameters as efficiency and reduced mass flow. To push the aerodynamic development even further, a precise validation of three-dimensional flow patterns predicted by applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods is in need. This paper presents the design of an up-scaled volute-stator model, which allows optical experimental measurement techniques. In a preliminary step, numerical results indicate that the enlarged geometry will be representative of the flow patterns and characteristic non-dimensional numbers at defined flow sections of the real size turbine. Limitations due to rotor-stator interactions are highlighted. Measurement sections of interest for available measurement techniques are predefined.The authors disclose receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partly sponsored by the program "Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain". The support given to Ms. N.H.G. by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia through the "FPI-Subprograma 2" (No.FPI-2018-S2-1368) grant within the "Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01-18)" is gratefully acknowledgedTiseira, A.; Navarro, R.; Inhestern, LB.; Hervás-Gómez, N. (2020). Design and Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Scaled Volute and Vaned Nozzle of Radial Turbocharger Turbines. Energies. 13(11):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112930S1191311Praveena, V., & Martin, M. L. J. (2018). A review on various after treatment techniques to reduce NOx emissions in a CI engine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(5), 704-720. doi:10.1016/j.joei.2017.05.010Sindhu, R., Amba Prasad Rao, G., & Madhu Murthy, K. (2018). Effective reduction of NOx emissions from diesel engine using split injections. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(3), 1379-1392. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2017.06.009Gil, A., Tiseira, A. O., García-Cuevas, L. M., Usaquén, T. R., & Mijotte, G. (2018). Fast three-dimensional heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(8), 1286-1297. doi:10.1177/1468087418804949Suhrmann, J. F., Peitsch, D., Gugau, M., & Heuer, T. (2012). On the Effect of Volute Tongue Design on Radial Turbine Performance. Volume 8: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C. doi:10.1115/gt2012-69525Roumeas, M., & Cros, S. (2012). Aerodynamic Investigation of a Nozzle Clearance Effect on Radial Turbine Performance. Volume 8: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C. doi:10.1115/gt2012-68835Liu, Y., Yang, C., Qi, M., Zhang, H., & Zhao, B. (2014). Shock, Leakage Flow and Wake Interactions in a Radial Turbine With Variable Guide Vanes. Volume 2D: Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/gt2014-25888Cornolti, L., Onorati, A., Cerri, T., Montenegro, G., & Piscaglia, F. (2013). 1D simulation of a turbocharged Diesel engine with comparison of short and long EGR route solutions. Applied Energy, 111, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.016Bohbot, J., Chryssakis, C., & Miche, M. (2006). Simulation of a 4-Cylinder Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Using a Direct Temporal Coupling Between a 1D Simulation Software and a 3D Combustion Code. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2006-01-3263Inhestern, L. B. (s. f.). Measurement, Simulation, and 1D-Modeling of Turbocharger Radial Turbines at Design and Extreme Off-Design Conditions. doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/119989Tamaki, H., & Unno, M. (2008). Study on Flow Fields in Variable Area Nozzles for Radial Turbines. International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 1(1), 47-56. doi:10.5293/ijfms.2008.1.1.047Eroglu, H., & Tabakoff, W. (1991). LDV Measurements and Investigation of Flow Field Through Radial Turbine Guide Vanes. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 113(4), 660-667. doi:10.1115/1.2926531Karamanis, N., Martinez-Botas, R. F., & Su, C. C. (2000). Mixed Flow Turbines: Inlet and Exit Flow Under Steady and Pulsating Conditions. Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/2000-gt-0470Galindo, J., Tiseira Izaguirre, A. O., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Hervás Gómez, N. (2020). Experimental approach for the analysis of the flow behaviour in the stator of a real centripetal turbine. International Journal of Engine Research, 22(6), 2010-2020. doi:10.1177/1468087420916281Dufour, G., Carbonneau, X., Cazalbou, J.-B., & Chassaing, P. (2006). Practical Use of Similarity and Scaling Laws for Centrifugal Compressor Design. Volume 6: Turbomachinery, Parts A and B. doi:10.1115/gt2006-91227Tancrez, M., Galindo, J., Guardiola, C., Fajardo, P., & Varnier, O. (2011). Turbine adapted maps for turbocharger engine matching. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(1), 146-153. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.07.018Menter, F. R. (1994). Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, 32(8), 1598-1605. doi:10.2514/3.12149Broatch, A., Galindo, J., Navarro, R., & García-Tíscar, J. (2014). Methodology for experimental validation of a CFD model for predicting noise generation in centrifugal compressors. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 50, 134-144. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.06.006Smirnov, P. E., Hansen, T., & Menter, F. R. (2007). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Centrifugal Compressor Stages With Different Radial Gaps. Volume 6: Turbo Expo 2007, Parts A and B. doi:10.1115/gt2007-27376Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2014). Analysis and Methodology to Characterize Heat Transfer Phenomena in Automotive Turbochargers. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 137(2). doi:10.1115/1.4028261Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2015). Turbocharger heat transfer and mechanical losses influence in predicting engines performance by using one-dimensional simulation codes. Energy, 86, 204-218. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.130Serrano, J. R., Tiseira, A., García-Cuevas, L. M., Inhestern, L. B., & Tartoussi, H. (2017). Radial turbine performance measurement under extreme off-design conditions. Energy, 125, 72-84. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.118Serrano, J. R., Gil, A., Navarro, R., & Inhestern, L. B. (2017). Extremely Low Mass Flow at High Blade to Jet Speed Ratio in Variable Geometry Radial Turbines and its Influence on the Flow Pattern: A CFD Analysis. Volume 8: Microturbines, Turbochargers and Small Turbomachines; Steam Turbines. doi:10.1115/gt2017-63368Serrano, J. R., Navarro, R., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Inhestern, L. B. (2019). Contribution to tip leakage loss modeling in radial turbines based on 3D flow analysis and 1D characterization. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 78, 108423. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.108423Choi, M., Baek, J. H., Chung, H. T., Oh, S. H., & Ko, H. Y. (2008). Effects of the low Reynolds number on the loss characteristics in an axial compressor. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 222(2), 209-218. doi:10.1243/09576509jpe520Klausner, E., & Gampe, U. (2014). Evaluation and Enhancement of a One-Dimensional Performance Analysis Method for Centrifugal Compressors. Volume 2D: Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/gt2014-25141Tiainen, J., Jaatinen-Värri, A., Grönman, A., Turunen-Saaresti, T., & Backman, J. (2018). Effect of FreeStream Velocity Definition on Boundary Layer Thickness and Losses in Centrifugal Compressors. Journal of Turbomachinery, 140(5). doi:10.1115/1.4038872Vinuesa, R., Hosseini, S. M., Hanifi, A., Henningson, D. S., & Schlatter, P. (2017). Pressure-Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing Around a Wing Section. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 99(3-4), 613-641. doi:10.1007/s10494-017-9840-