On issues of labelling in the dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé : a case-study

Dictionaries contain lexicographic data whose occurrence is restricted to certain geo-graphical areas, subject fields, professions, etc. It is part of the duties of the lexicographer to give an account of such deviations to ensure a successful retrieval of the information on the part of the user. This contribution presents a discussion on labelling issues in the Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé. Although the main focus is on the presentation of different types of labelling as well as problems in labelling, textual condensation procedures and mediostructural representations (to-gether with some aspects of the user perspective) are also critically evaluated. It is shown that these procedures reveal some inconsistencies which are not accounted for in the outer texts (front matter and back matter texts) of the dictionary. Finally suggestions are made for the improvement of the access structure of this dictionary.Les dictionnaires contiennent des données lexico-graphiques dont l'occurrence est restreinte à une région géographique donnée, un champ de con-naissance, une profession, etc. Il est du devoir du lexicographe de prendre en compte ces dévia-tions afin d'assurer un transfert d'information positif au niveau de l'utilisateur. La présente contri-bution présent une discussion sur les problèmes d'étiquetage dans le Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé. Bien que le principal centre d'intérêt se situe au niveau de la présentation des différentes catégories d'étiquettes ainsi que les problèmes d'étiquetage, les procédés de condensation textuelles et les représentations mediostructurelles (accompagnées de quelques aspects relatifs aux utilisateurs du dictionnaire) sont également critiquement évalués. Il est démontré que ces procédés révèlent quel-ques inconsistances qui ne sont pas rendues au niveau des textes externes (prétextes et posttextes) du dictionnaire. Finalement, des suggestions sont faites dans le sens de l'amélioration de la struc-ture d'accès de ce dictionnaire

A trilingual dictionary Yilumbu–French–English : an ongoing project

In this article, an account is given of the planning of a trilingual dictionary Yilumbu– French–English. The focus is on the target user, the purpose, nature and typology of the planned dictionary. Attention is also paid to some macro- and microstructural issues. For example, all types of lexical items, including multiword lexical items, are given lemma status. Moreover all items are included according to the word tradition and on account of their usage frequency in the corpus. Apart from these aspects, types of dialectal forms as well as the type of special-field lexical items are also discussed. From a microstructural point of view, this article investigates different kinds of data types to be considered for inclusion in complex articles in particular. User-friendliness parameters and innovative access structure procedures also come into play.Cet article rend compte de la planification d'un dictionnaire trilingue yilumbu–français– anglais. Le centre d'intérêt réside au niveau du public cible, l'objectif, la nature et la typologie du dictionnaire proposé. Une attention est aussi accordée à quelques problèmes macro- et microstructurels. Par exemple, tous les types d'items lexicaux, y compris les items lexicaux formés de plusieurs mots, reçoivent le statut de lemme. En outre, tous les termes sont inclus selon la tradition dumot et sur la base de leur fréquence d'emploi dans le corpus. Hormis ces aspects, les types de formes dialectales ainsi que le type d'items lexicaux de spécialité sont également discutés. D'un point de vue microstructurel, cet article explore différents types de données à considérer pour inclusion dans les articles complexes en particulier. Les paramètres de clarté et de lisibilité ainsi que des procédés propre à la structure d'accès sont également pris en compte

Linguistic unit discovery from multi-modal inputs in unwritten languages: Summary of the "Speaking Rosetta" JSALT 2017 Workshop

We summarize the accomplishments of a multi-disciplinary workshop exploring the computational and scientific issues surrounding the discovery of linguistic units (subwords and words) in a language without orthography. We study the replacement of orthographic transcriptions by images and/or translated text in a well-resourced language to help unsupervised discovery from raw speech.Comment: Accepted to ICASSP 201

Stylization and representation in subtitles: can less be more?

This article considers film dialogues and interlingual subtitles from the point of view of linguistic and cultural representation, and revisits from that perspective the question of loss, as a platform for considering alternative views on the topic and broader theoretical issues. The cross-cultural pragmatics perspective and focus on viewers’ reactions that dealing with representation entails cast the question of loss in a different light and opens up avenues for alternative modes of analysis. They make room for subtitles to be construed as producing their own systems of multimodal textual representation and modes of interpretation, and for their text to be recognised as having a greater expressive and representational potential than face values might suggest. This is the argument, informed by Fowler's Theory of Mode (1991, 2000), that is taken up in the paper, and harnessed to the review of examples or observations from recent studies on subtitles, and complementary evidence from dubbing. The capacity of subtitles to produce insights into the cultures and languages represented is of particular interest, and has wider implications for the culturally instrumental functions of subtitles and translation strategies

A Trusted Digital Repository based on the OAIS model with integrated management of access rights

International audienceIn 2008, a pilot project initiated by TGE Adonis, a Very Large Research Infrastructure, brought together designers of data repositories, archivists and system engineers to set up collaborative oral/linguistic resource centres in France. Challenging issues were addressed by this group when implementing an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) constructed on two submission sites bundled with an institutional archive in Montpellier (CINES, Centre Informatique National de lEnseignement Supérieur) and a dissemination site hosted by a major computer centre in Lyon (CC-IN2P3, Centre de Calcul de lInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules).After the completion of the pilot project, a submission site (SLDR, Speech & Language Data Repository, www.sldr.org) underwent development for the systematic management of access rights in compliance with the French Heritage code. Its framework claims to be applicable to other legal systems worldwide, which will facilitate interoperability between protected repositories equipped with transfer of authentication techniques (Single Sign-On). Further, an option of shared licences makes it possible to restrict access to designated individuals or institutions, thereby making it possible to distribute resources to identified scholars on a non-commercial basis while the same are supplied on paid-basis to the speech industry by partners such as ELDA (Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency) and the LDC (Language Data Consortium).At present, the CNRTL (Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, www.cnrtl.fr) for text documents, and the SLDR for oral data, are being integrated into a network of language resource centres following CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure) guidelines for interoperability. This ambitious programme (ORTOLANG, Open Resources and TOols for LANGuage) is funded by the French Ministry of Research with support of TGE Adonis and the recently-created CORPUS VLRI in which its participant laboratories and resources centres are strongly involved

Use of Weighted Finite State Transducers in Part of Speech Tagging

This paper addresses issues in part of speech disambiguation using finite-state transducers and presents two main contributions to the field. One of them is the use of finite-state machines for part of speech tagging. Linguistic and statistical information is represented in terms of weights on transitions in weighted finite-state transducers. Another contribution is the successful combination of techniques -- linguistic and statistical -- for word disambiguation, compounded with the notion of word classes.Comment: uses psfig, ipamac

Towards an Automatic Dictation System for Translators: the TransTalk Project

Professional translators often dictate their translations orally and have them typed afterwards. The TransTalk project aims at automating the second part of this process. Its originality as a dictation system lies in the fact that both the acoustic signal produced by the translator and the source text under translation are made available to the system. Probable translations of the source text can be predicted and these predictions used to help the speech recognition system in its lexical choices. We present the results of the first prototype, which show a marked improvement in the performance of the speech recognition task when translation predictions are taken into account.Comment: Published in proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP) 94. 4 pages, uuencoded compressed latex source with 4 postscript figure