189 research outputs found

    Is safety a value proposition?:The case of fire inspection

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    The slow implementation of sustainable innovations in the asphalt paving sector: the role of actors and their interactions

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    International climate agreements and government policies, push the road construction industry towards more sustainable practices using alternative materials, new production techniques, and more efficient construction processes. Despite the broad availability of these sustainable solutions, their adoption is slow and uncertain. The reasons behind this remain unclear. This study employs a system innovation perspective to analyze the process that leads to the implementation of sustainable innovations in the Dutch asphalt paving sector. By exploring actors’ roles and their interactions at different stages of the process, we aim to identify key aspects influencing the pace and outcome of the innovation implementation process in the industry. The results highlight that (1) the asphalt paving sector is anchored in a project perspective that often overlooks long-term sustainability goals, (2) several key innovation roles are not fully fulfilled, and the absence of a coordinating role is leading to misunderstandings, and (3) monitoring at both the project and sector levels is lacking; there is no holistic assessment of the overall impact of innovations. Overall, the findings suggest that sustainable innovation processes in Dutch asphalt paving remain confined to the niche level, which can be overcome by redistributing actors' responsibilities, addressing the lack of system monitoring, and overcoming the project perspective could help address the challenges in the process

    Emerging States at Crossroads

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    This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This volume analyzes the economic, social, and political challenges that emerging states confront today. Notwithstanding the growing importance of the ‘emerging states’ in global affairs and governance, many problems requiring immediate solutions have emerged at home largely as a consequence of the rapid economic development and associated sociopolitical changes. The middle-income trap is a major economic challenge faced by emerging states. This volume regards interest coordination for technological upgrading as crucial to avoid the trap and examines how various emerging states are grappling with this challenge by fostering public-private cooperation, voluntary associations of market players, and/or social networks. Social disparity is another serious problem. It is deeply rooted in history in the emerging states such as South Africa and many Latin American countries. However, income distribution is recently deteriorating even in East Asia that was once praised for its high economic growth with equity. Increasing pressure for political opening is another challenge for emerging states. This volume argues that the economic, social, and political problems are interwoven in the sense that the emerging states need to build political consensus in order to tackle the economic and social difficulties. Democratic institutions have not always been successful in this respect

    Measurement of service innovation project success:A practical tool and theoretical implications

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    Enterprise resource planning post-implementation assimilation challenge : an integrative framework for a better post-implementation assimilation

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    Cette étude s'inscrit dans la recherche émergente sur la post-implémentation des TI et vise à contribuer à la discussion sur l'impact des facteurs contextuels sur le niveau d'assimilation des technologies complexes telles que les systèmes ERP. Compte tenu de la rareté des recherches, cette étude vise aussi à enrichir ce champ de recherche qui a été considérablement négligé lors de l'examen des initiatives d'ERP d'entreprises dans un pays en développement. Comme la plus-value d'une TI ne peut être réalisée que lorsque le système est véritablement assimilé dans l'organisation, cette recherche examine les facteurs qui entraînent des niveaux d'assimilation variés entre les entreprises malgré leur utilisation d'une technologie de base similaire. En adoptant une méthodologie de recherche qualitative recourant à une approche de cas multiples, on explore les déterminants de l'assimilation efficace de l'ERP et ses défis ultérieurs. En outre, on développe un modèle intégrateur qui décrit les relations entre les facteurs identités. L'analyse des données a révélé un ensemble de facteurs organisationnels, technologiques et environnementaux ayant un impact direct et indirect sur l'assimilation de l'ERP. Cela est surtout vrai pour le soutien de la haute direction, ses stratégies, ses interventions et ses perceptions, qui se sont avérés les facteurs sous-jacents influant directement et indirectement sur le processus d'assimilation dans une entreprise. De même, les différences entre les deux groupes d'entreprises sont liées plus à leur contexte organisationnel qu'aux différences culturelles. Ces résultats sont communs pour toutes les entreprises étudiées dans les deux contextes. Fondé sur les résultats de l'analyse, un modèle intégrateur est suggéré dans le but de décrire les relations entre les différents facteurs. Ainsi, cette étude offre une feuille de route structurée pour mieux comprendre l'assimilation et met en relief plusieurs problèmes critiques et des déterminants cruciaux qui devraient être attentivement gérés et minutieusement .considérés afin de réaliser une valeur ajoutée importante de l'ERP

    Assessment of Responsible Innovation

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    Responsible Innovation encourages innovators to work together with stakeholders during the research and innovation process, to better align the outcomes of innovation with the values, needs and expectations of society. Assessing the benefits and costs of Responsible Innovation is crucial for furthering the responsible conduct of science, technology and innovation. However, there is until now only limited academic work on Responsible Innovation assessment. This book fills this lacuna. Assessment of Responsible Innovation: Methods and Practices presents tools for measuring, monitoring, and reporting upon the Responsible Innovation process and the social, environmental, scientific, and economic impacts of innovations. These tools help innovators to mitigate risk and to strengthen their strategic planning. This book aligns assessment tools and practices with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The prospects as well as the limitations of various Responsible Innovation assessment approaches and tools are discussed, as well as their applicability in various industry contexts. The book brings together leading scholars in the field to present the most comprehensive review of Responsible Innovation tools. It articulates the importance of assessment and value creation, the different metrics and monitoring systems that can be deployed and the reporting mechanisms, including the importance of effective communication

    Data as a common in the sharing economy: a general policy proposal

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    It is nowadays a common place to say that the sharing economy is not really about sharing but about making profits and benefiting a few much more than others. A movement that takes the best of the technologies of sharing economy platforms but orients it to benefiting all, platform cooperativism, is on the rise. Nonetheless, it is far from being popular and nothing indicates that it will. This paper investigates the reasons why dominant platforms remain dominant and proposes a policy that aims at curtailing their dominance, fostering platform cooperativism and maximizing the beneficial societal effects that can be derived from exploiting the data generated in platforms. The paper is structured as follows. Section 1 reviews current definitions of the sharing economy, points out their contributions and limitations and offers a novel and more accurate definition. Section 2 briefly introduces platform cooperativism to show why it can be a tool to fix many of the problems of the sharing economy. Section 3 explains and discusses market power mechanisms specific to the sharing economy that help dominant platforms to remain dominant. Some already existing and proposed solutions to counter these market power mechanisms such as reputation passports, a market for personal data and antitrust remedies are evaluated. Section 4 presents a general policy proposal based on making data a common in the sharing economy using reciprocity licenses. Section 5 offers some clarifications regarding the proposal and sketches some of its shortcomings and open questions that arise from it

    L’innovation inverse : vers un nouveau modèle d’innovation globale pour les entreprises

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    RÉSUMÉ : Les grandes entreprises occidentales ne peuvent plus se limiter à leurs marchés historiques (les États-Unis, le Canada ou encore l’Europe de l’Ouest). Ces derniers, affectés par les récentes crises économiques et le manque de croissance, sont aujourd’hui saturés et ne présentent donc plus un potentiel de développement suffisant. À l’inverse, d’autres marchés sont en plein essor. Les pays émergents tels que le Brésil, la Chine ou l’Inde voient leurs classes moyennes se développer considérablement, créant ainsi de nouveaux marchés très attractifs. Conscientes de ces enjeux, un grand nombre d’entreprises occidentales se sont alors mises à innover pour ces nouveaux marchés. Les fortes contraintes locales, à savoir le besoin de produits non dispendieux répondant à des critères d’autonomie ou de durabilité élevés, et ce, sans compromis en termes de qualité, ont stimulé l’innovation. Les entreprises occidentales ont alors développé des solutions tout à fait originales et de grande valeur pour ces marchés émergents. Réalisant que les axes de valeur de ces nouveaux produits pourraient également permettre de créer des marchés ou de répondre à de nouveaux besoins dans les économies développées, ces multinationales se sont alors mises à faire de l’innovation inverse. Une innovation est dite inverse si elle est d’abord adoptée dans une économie émergente avant d’être ensuite ramenée et commercialisée dans une économie développée. L’innovation inverse étant un phénomène récent, la thèse de doctorat contribue à la compréhension et au positionnement théorique de ce nouveau modèle d’innovation. Sur le plan pratique, ce travail s’efforce d’identifier les facteurs clés du succès d’une telle stratégie. L’accent est mis sur les multinationales occidentales et plus spécifiquement sur le secteur de la santé. Une revue systématique de la littérature sur l’innovation inverse permet initialement de faire l’état de l’art et d’identifier les axes de recherche les plus pertinents pour améliorer la connaissance globale de ce nouveau phénomène (article 1). Trois des pistes de recherches établies par cette étude sont ensuite adressées dans la thèse (articles 2, 3 et 4). Une analyse quantitative et de contenu permet tout d’abord de valider que les entreprises du secteur de la santé pratiquent l’innovation inverse ainsi que l’impact de ce phénomène en termes de transferts technologiques (article 2). Une étude de cas permet ensuite d’identifier les challenges rencontrés par les entreprises qui pratiquent l’innovation inverse. Plusieurs mitigateurs de risques permettant de surmonter ou de prévenir ces challenges sont proposés (article 3). Finalement, un tout premier cadre théorique de l’innovation inverse est construit. Il permet le repositionnement du concept selon la perspective réseau de la multinationale et ouvre ainsi la voie à de nouvelles études empiriques (article 4). Pour élargir le débat, une discussion générale résume les principaux travaux de la thèse et ouvre la discussion sur le lien entre innovation inverse, innovation sociale et créativité. Une conclusion identifie finalement les principales contributions ainsi que les limites de la thèse et donne quelques recommandations pour les futures recherches dans ce domaine.----------ABSTRACT : Western multinationals can no longer limit themselves to their historic markets (the United States, Canada or Western Europe). Indeed, these markets, affected by the recent economic crises and lack of growth, are today saturated and therefore no longer have sufficient development potential. Conversely, other markets are booming. The middle class of several emerging economies such as Brazil, China, and India are growing considerably, creating very attractive new markets. Aware of these issues, a large number of Western companies have then begun to innovate for these new markets. Strong local constraints, i.e. the need for low-priced products meeting high standards of autonomy or sustainability without compromising quality, have stimulated innovation. This has led western companies to develop very original and valuable solutions for these emerging markets. By realizing that the added value of these new products could also create markets or meet new demands in developed economies these multinationals started to do reverse innovation. An innovation is called reverse if it is first adopted in an emerging economy before being trickled up in a developed economy. Since reverse innovation is a recent phenomenon, the doctoral thesis contributes to the theoretical understanding and positioning of this new innovation model. In practical terms, this work aims at identifying the key factors for successful of such a strategy. The focus is on western multinationals and more specifically on the health sector. A systematic review of the literature on reverse innovation initially provides a state of the art and identifies the most relevant research focus to improve the overall knowledge of this new phenomenon (Article 1). Three of the research axis established by this study are then addressed in the thesis (Articles 2, 3 and 4). A quantitative and content analysis first allows verifying the practice of reverse innovation in the health sector industry and its impact in terms of technology transfer (Article 2). Then, using a case study, the challenges encountered by firms that practice reverse innovation are identified and risk mitigators are proposed (Article 3). At last, a very first theoretical framework of reverse innovation is built. It allows the repositioning of the concept according to the network perspective of the multinational and opens the way to new empirical studies (Article 4). In order to broaden the debate, a general discussion summarizes the main results of the thesis and opens the discussion on the link between reverse innovation, social innovation and creativity. A conclusion finally identifies the main contributions and limitations of the thesis and gives some recommendations for future research in this field
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