Sixth quarterly activities report on the Cooperative Agreement No.391-0467-A-00-1818-00: Irrigation research (period from December 1992 to February 1993). Part 1: Irrigation Systems Management Research Project

Irrigation management / Research policy / Irrigation programs / Pakistan

The strategy of the International Irrigation Management Institute

Research institutes / Research priorities / Strategy planning / Financial resources / Institutional development / Irrigated farming / Irrigation management

Technical Assistance Study (T.A.1480 SRI). Irrigation Management and Crop Diversification (Sri Lanka) - Phase II: Seasonal report - Kirindi Oya, Maha 1991/92

Irrigation management / Tertiary level irrigation / Institution building / Crops / Diversification / Economic aspects / Sri Lanka / Kirindi Oya

United Irrigation Company office memorandum

An office memorandum sent to John H. Shary about a client complaining, and detailing the client\u27s problem.https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/johnshary/1075/thumbnail.jp

Global irrigation water demand: Variability and uncertainties arising from agricultural and climate data sets

Agricultural water use accounts for around 70% of the total water that is withdrawn from surface water and groundwater. We use a new, gridded, global-scale water balance model to estimate interannual variability in global irrigation water demand arising from climate data sets and uncertainties arising from agricultural and climate data sets. We used contemporary maps of irrigation and crop distribution, and so do not account for variability or trends in irrigation area or cropping. We used two different global maps of irrigation and two different reconstructions of daily weather 1963–2002. Simulated global irrigation water demand varied by ∼30%, depending on irrigation map or weather data. The combined effect of irrigation map and weather data generated a global irrigation water use range of 2200 to 3800 km3 a−1. Weather driven variability in global irrigation was generally less than ±300 km3 a−1, globally (\u3c∼10%), but could be as large as ±70% at the national scale

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize at Selekleka District, Ethiopia

Irrigation water availability is diminishing in many areas of the Ethiopian regions, which require many irrigators to consider deficit-irrigation strategy. This study investigated the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to moisture deficit under conventional, alternate and fixed furrow irrigation systems combined with three irrigation amounts over a two years period. The field experiment was conducted at Selekleka Agricultural Research Farm of Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Center. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Irrigation depth was monitored using a calibrated 2-inch throat Parshall flume. The effects of the treatments were evaluated in terms of grain yield, dry above-ground biomass, plant height, cob length and water use efficiency. The two years combined result indicated that  net irrigation water applied in alternate furrow irrigation with full amount irrigation depth (100% ETc AFI) treatments was half (3773.5 m3/ha) than that of applied to the conventional furrow with full irrigation amount (CFI with 100% ETc) treatments (7546.9 m3/ha). Despite the very significant reduction in irrigation water used with alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), there was insignificant grain yield reduction in maize(8.31%) as compared to control treatment (CFI with100% ETc). In addition, we also obtained significantly (p<0.001) higher crop water use efficiency of 1.889 kg/m3 in alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), than that was obtained as 0.988 kg/m3 in conventional furrow irrigation (CFI). In view of the results, alternate furrow irrigation method (AFI) is taken as promising for conservation of water (3773.5 m3/ha), time (23:22\u2750" hours/ha), labor (217.36 USD/ha) and fuel (303.79 USD/ha) for users diverting water from the source to their fields using pump without significant trade-off in yield

Performance of New Zealand irrigation systems after transfer : a thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Agricultural Engineering at Massey University

This paper discusses the performance of irrigation schemes after they were transferred from Government control to irrigation companies in New Zealand. This study tested two hypotheses: a) privatisation of irrigation schemes in New Zealand has produced very large efficiency gains, and b) the privatisation of irrigation schemes in New Zealand has been very successful. These hypotheses were proven. Water costs for the same scheme would have been higher if it had not been privatised. The staff size was at minimum level. The companies seemed to be consistent with the O&M budget for water charge. Legal, financial and technical advice and services from professional groups were made available to the irrigation companies. The water costs were controlled by irrigation companies. The schemes received strong physical, financial and spiritual support from farmers and shareholders. No evidence of documented environmental side-effects was found. The farmers indicated that they would stay with the current management instead of returning to the past system under which they received financial supports from the Government. However, as the resource consents were thought to be a strategic threat and the irrigation companies seemed not to be prepared to enforce their capability in human resource management, technology development and company infrastructure, the irrigation companies could face difficulties in the future. A number of recommendations were made as follows: 1. The water costs should be calculated on the basis of life cycle-costing. 2. The irrigation companies should consider contributing funds for training and research activities in order to achieve high efficiency for irrigation systems and irrigation techniques. Research would not only bring about improvement of efficiency in irrigation, but also gain glory for New Zealand science in the international arena. 3. The irrigation companies may need to consider re-establishing the New Zealand Irrigation Association to act as a focal point for the irrigation companies. This type of organisation would facilitate the networking of information, and the sharing of experience amongst its members

Root Zone Sensors for Irrigation Management in Intensive Agriculture

Crop irrigation uses more than 70% of the world’s water, and thus, improving irrigation efficiency is decisive to sustain the food demand from a fast-growing world population. This objective may be accomplished by cultivating more water-efficient crop species and/or through the application of efficient irrigation systems, which includes the implementation of a suitable method for precise scheduling. At the farm level, irrigation is generally scheduled based on the grower’s experience or on the determination of soil water balance (weather-based method). An alternative approach entails the measurement of soil water status. Expensive and sophisticated root zone sensors (RZS), such as neutron probes, are available for the use of soil and plant scientists, while cheap and practical devices are needed for irrigation management in commercial crops. The paper illustrates the main features of RZS’ (for both soil moisture and salinity) marketed for the irrigation industry and discusses how such sensors may be integrated in a wireless network for computer-controlled irrigation and used for innovative irrigation strategies, such as deficit or dual-water irrigation. The paper also consider the main results of recent or current research works conducted by the authors in Tuscany (Italy) on the irrigation management of container-grown ornamental plants, which is an important agricultural sector in Italy