Irrationality proof of a qq-extension of ζ(2)\zeta(2) using little qq-Jacobi polynomials

We show how one can use Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and little $q$-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for $\zeta_q(2)$. These numbers are $q$-analogues of the well known $\zeta(2)$. Here $q=\frac{1}{p}$, with $p$ an integer greater than one. These approximants are good enough to show the irrationality of $\zeta_q(2)$ and they allow us to calculate an upper bound for its measure of irrationality: $\mu(\zeta_q(2))\leq 10\pi^2/(5\pi^2-24) \approx 3.8936$. This is sharper than the upper bound given by Zudilin (\textit{On the irrationality measure for a $q$-analogue of $\zeta(2)$}, Mat. Sb. \textbf{193} (2002), no. 8, 49--70).Comment: 13 pages, one reference was corrected, two were adde

Multiple little q-Jacobi polynomials

We introduce two kinds of multiple little q-Jacobi polynomials by imposing orthogonality conditions with respect to r discrete little q-Jacobi measures on the exponential lattice q^k (k=0,1,2,3,...), where 0 < q < 1. We show that these multiple little q-Jacobi polynomials have useful q-difference properties, such as a Rodrigues formula (consisting of a product of r difference operators). Some properties of the zeros of these polynomials and some asymptotic properties will be given as well.Comment: 15 page

Discrete integrable systems generated by Hermite-Pad\'e approximants

We consider Hermite-Pad\'e approximants in the framework of discrete integrable systems defined on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^2$. We show that the concept of multiple orthogonality is intimately related to the Lax representations for the entries of the nearest neighbor recurrence relations and it thus gives rise to a discrete integrable system. We show that the converse statement is also true. More precisely, given the discrete integrable system in question there exists a perfect system of two functions, i.e., a system for which the entire table of Hermite-Pad\'e approximants exists. In addition, we give a few algorithms to find solutions of the discrete system.Comment: 20 page

Lambert series in analytic number theory

Annotated bibliography of 18th, 19th, and early 20th century works involving Lambert series. A tour of 19th and early 20th century analytic number theory.Comment: 42 page