Particle Swarm Optimization for Interference Mitigation of Wireless Body Area Network: A Systematic Review

Wireless body area networks (WBAN) has now become an important technology in supporting services in the health sector and several other fields. Various surveys and research have been carried out massively on the use of swarm intelligent (SI) algorithms in various fields in the last ten years, but the use of SI in wireless body area networks (WBAN) in the last five years has not seen any significant progress. The aim of this research is to clarify and convince as well as to propose a answer to this problem, we have identified opportunities and topic trends using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) procedure as one of the swarm intelligence for optimizing wireless body area network interference mitigation performance. In this research, we analyzes primary studies collected using predefined exploration strings on online databases with the help of Publish or Perish and by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) way. Articles were carefully selected for further analysis. It was found that very few researchers included optimization methods for swarm intelligence, especially PSO, in mitigating wireless body area network interference, whether for intra, inter, or cross-WBAN interference. This paper contributes to identifying the gap in using PSO for WBAN interference and also offers opportunities for using PSO both standalone and hybrid with other methods to further research on mitigating WBAN interference

Relay-enabled task offloading management for wireless body area networks

Inspired by the recent developments of the Internet of Things (IoT) relay and mobile edge computing (MEC), a hospital/home-based medical monitoring framework is proposed, in which the intensive computing tasks from the implanted sensors can be efficiently executed by on-body wearable devices or a coordinator-based MEC (C-MEC). In this paper, we first propose a wireless relay-enabled task offloading mechanism that consists of a network model and a computation model. Moreover, to manage the computation resources among all relays, a task offloading decision model and the best task offloading recipient selection function is given. The performance evaluation considers different computation schemes under the predetermined link quality condition regarding the selected vital quality of service (QoS) metrics. After demonstrating the channel characterization and network topology, the performance evaluation is implemented under different scenarios regarding the network lifetime of all relays, network residual energy status, total number of locally executed packets, path loss (PL), and service delay. The results show that data transmission without the offloading scheme outperforms the offload-based technique regarding network lifetime. Moreover, the high computation capacity scenario achieves better performance regarding PL and the total number of locally executed packets

A Comprehensive Survey on Signcryption Security Mechanisms in Wireless Body Area Networks

WBANs (Wireless Body Area Networks) are frequently depicted as a paradigm shift in healthcare from traditional to modern E-Healthcare. The vitals of the patient signs by the sensors are highly sensitive, secret, and vulnerable to numerous adversarial attacks. Since WBANs is a real-world application of the healthcare system, it’s vital to ensure that the data acquired by the WBANs sensors is secure and not accessible to unauthorized parties or security hazards. As a result, effective signcryption security solutions are required for the WBANs’ success and widespread use. Over the last two decades, researchers have proposed a slew of signcryption security solutions to achieve this goal. The lack of a clear and unified study in terms of signcryption solutions can offer a bird’s eye view of WBANs. Based on the most recent signcryption papers, we analyzed WBAN’s communication architecture, security requirements, and the primary problems in WBANs to meet the aforementioned objectives. This survey also includes the most up to date signcryption security techniques in WBANs environments. By identifying and comparing all available signcryption techniques in the WBANs sector, the study will aid the academic community in understanding security problems and causes. The goal of this survey is to provide a comparative review of the existing signcryption security solutions and to analyze the previously indicated solution given for WBANs. A multi-criteria decision-making approach is used for a comparative examination of the existing signcryption solutions. Furthermore, the survey also highlights some of the public research issues that researchers must face to develop the security features of WBANs.publishedVersio

Energy efficient multi-channel hybrid MAC protocol for IoT enabled WBAN systems

Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled wireless body area networks (WBANs) are resource-constrained in nature (energy, bandwidth, and time-slot resources); hence, their performance in healthcare monitoring often deteriorates as the number of active IoT devices sharing the network increases. Consequently, improving the network efficiency of IoT-enabled WBAN systems is essential for improving healthcare monitoring. Hence, we propose an energy-efficient multichannel hybrid medium access control (MAC) (MC-HYMAC) protocol that combines the benefits of the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) protocols to improve the overall performance of IoT-enabled WBAN systems. We also proposed an adaptive power control scheme, time-slot management scheme, channel utilization mechanism, and dynamic back-off time policy to improve the overall network efficiency. In addition, we applied a finite-state discrete-time Markov model to determine the traffic arrival pattern and analyze the transition states of biomedical devices to facilitate optimal decision-making for enhanced overall performance of the network. Standard metrics, such as energy efficiency, throughput, delay, packet drop ratio, and network lifetime, were used to evaluate and compare the existing MAC protocols.The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, through the Smart Networks Collaboration Initiative and the IoT-Factory Program (funded by the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), South Africa).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7361hj2024Electrical, Electronic and Computer EngineeringSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructur

Enhancement of the duty cycle cooperative medium access control for wireless body area networks

This paper presents a novel energy-efficient and reliable connection to enhance the transmission of data over a shared medium for wireless body area networks (WBAN). We propose a novel protocol of two master nodes-based cooperative protocol. In the proposed protocol, two master nodes were considered, that is, the belt master node and the outer body master node. The master nodes work cooperatively to avoid the retransmission process by sensors due to fading and collision, reducing the bit error rate (BER), which results in a reduction of the duty cycle and average transmission power. In addition, we have also presented a mathematical model of the duty cycle with the proposed protocol for the WBAN. The results show that the proposed cooperative protocol reduced the BER by a factor of 4. The average transmission power is reduced by a factor of 0.21 and this shows the potential of the proposed technique to be used in future wearable wireless sensors and systems

Energy efficient priority-based hybrid MAC protocol for IoT enabled WBAN systems

Among the wireless body area network (WBAN) scarce resources, energy resource is an essential resource on which most of the WBAN biomedical devices activities depend upon. The biomedical devices are usually battery-powered and if they fail to operate as required because of battery power drain, the WBAN system would become unreliable, and this could lead to life-threatening situations. Consequently, it would be advantage and logical to minimize energy consumption and energy wastage issues to achieve an energy-efficient WBAN system. Following this, we proposed a coordinated superframe duty cycle hybrid MAC (SDC-HYMAC) protocol to enhance energy efficiency and to prolong the biomedical devices’ lifetime. To improve the energy efficiency of the WBAN system, we introduced different energy resource management strategies including the design of a priority-based slot-allocation scheme to minimize timeslot and energy wastage. Also, we proposed a coordinated superframe duty cycle (SDC) scheme to accurately select an appropriate superframe order (SO) based on the traffic information and the priority level of the biomedical devices to save energy and prolong the devices’ lifetime. We compared the SDC-HYMAC protocol with other related protocols like MG-HYMAC, HyMAC, and CPMAC for the sake of validation, and is simulated in MATLAB. The outcome of the simulation results revealed that the SDC-HYMAC protocol performed better than the existing protocols using performance metrics like convergence speed, energy efficiency, delay, packet drop ratio, and devices’ lifetime.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7361hj2024Electrical, Electronic and Computer EngineeringSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructur