Decomposing and valuing callable convertible bonds: a new method based on exotic options

In the framework of Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing models, by employing exotic options instead of plain options or warrants, this paper presents an equivalent decomposition method for usual Callable Convertible Bonds (CCB). Furthermore, the analytic valuation formulae for CCB are worked out by using the analytic formulae for those simpler securities decomposed from CCB. Moreover, this method is validated by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation. Besides, the effects of call clauses, coupon clauses and soft call condition clauses are analyzed respectively. These give lots of new insights into the valuation and analysis of CCB and much help to hedge their risks.Callable convertible bonds; Equivalent decomposition; Up-and-out calls; American binary calls; Derivative pricing

Development path and capital structure of belgian biotechnology firms

This study investigates the relationship between the evolution of real options values and associated financing policies for Belgian companies in the sector of bio-industries. Each firm's situation regarding the relevant types of real options is stylistically represented through a scenario tree. The consumption of a time-to-build or a growth option is respectively considered as a success or a failure in company development. Empirically, several variables enable us to locate each company along the tree at any time. The study of transitions leads us to discover that failures tend to trigger higher leverage, unlike in the trade-off theory. Yet, the increases in debt maturity, in lease and in convertible financing confirm our predictions. Overall, we emphasize evidence of undercapitalization and of proper, yet insufficient, use of hybrid financing by biotech companies.

Illusion of Expertise in Portfolio Decisions - An Experimental Approach

Overall, 72 subjects invest their endowment in four risky assets. Each com-bination of assets yields the same expected return and variance of returns. Illusion of expertise prevails when one prefers nevertheless the self-selected portfolio. After being randomly assigned to groups of four subjects are asked to elect their "expert" based on responses to a prior decision task. Using the random price mecha-nism reveals that 64% of the subjects prefer their own portfolio over the average group portfolio or the expert’s port-folio. Illusion of expertise is shown to be stable individually, over alternatives, and for both eliciting methods, willingness to pay and to accept.investment decisions, portfolio selection, overconfidence, unrealistic optimism, illusion of control, endowment effect

Pricing contingent convertibles: a general framework for application in practice

The first contingent convertibles (CoCo) were issued in 2009, but, to date, the academic community has not given much attention to practical issues of pricing them. Combining various aspects from existing theoretical and practical literature, this paper first presents a CoCo pricing framework that allows a flexible and comprehensible valuation of real-world equity or TIER-1 ratio-triggered CoCos. The model is based on the assumption that the issuer's total asset value follows a Brownian motion, that book values reflect fair economic values in the case of financial distress, and that there is a linear relationship between straight equity and TIER-1 ratios. The pricing methodology is then applied to the Credit Suisse Buffer Capital Note issued in February 201

Company Financing, Capital Structure, and Ownership: A Survey, and Implications for Developing Economies

This paper critically surveys the key literature on corporate financing policy, capital structure and firm ownership in order to identify the leading theoretical and empirical issues in this area. The theoretical component of the survey attempts to reconcile competing theories of capital structure and appraises recent models which use agency theory and asymmetric information to explore the impact of managerial shareholdings, corporate strategy and taxation on the firm’s capital structure. The empirical component focuses on univariate analyses as well as multivariate models of capital structure, and makes a comparison between theoretical predictions and empirical results. Implications are identified in terms of promising research ideas (PRIs) for further research. The bulk of the empirical research that we survey is concerned with the experience of a few western industrial countries, and the implications of this research are assessed accordingly. However, we also aim to draw out implications for new research in developing and newly industrialised countries with an expanding corporate sector.

Decomposing and valuing callable convertible bonds: a new method based on exotic options

In the framework of Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing models, by employing exotic options instead of plain options or warrants, this paper presents an equivalent decomposition method for usual Callable Convertible Bonds (CCB). Furthermore, the analytic valuation formulae for CCB are worked out by using the analytic formulae for those simpler securities decomposed from CCB. Moreover, this method is validated by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation. Besides, the effects of call clauses, coupon clauses and soft call condition clauses are analyzed respectively. These give lots of new insights into the valuation and analysis of CCB and much help to hedge their risks

Decomposing and valuing callable convertible bonds: a new method based on exotic options

In the framework of Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing models, by employing exotic options instead of plain options or warrants, this paper presents an equivalent decomposition method for usual Callable Convertible Bonds (CCB). Furthermore, the analytic valuation formulae for CCB are worked out by using the analytic formulae for those simpler securities decomposed from CCB. Moreover, this method is validated by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation. Besides, the effects of call clauses, coupon clauses and soft call condition clauses are analyzed respectively. These give lots of new insights into the valuation and analysis of CCB and much help to hedge their risks

Valuation of callable convertible bonds using binomial trees model with default risk, convertible hedging and arbitrage, duration and convexity.

In this thesis, I develop a valuation model to price convertible bonds with call provision. Convertible bonds are hybrid instruments that possess both equity and debt characteristics. The purpose of this study is to build a pricing model for convertible and callable bonds and to compare the mathematical results of the model with real world market performance. I construct a two-factor valuation model, in which both the interest rate and the stock price are stochastic. I derive the partial differential equation of two stochastic variables and state the final and boundary conditions of the convertible bond using the mean reversion model on interest rate. Because it is difficult to obtain a closed solution for the American convertible bond due to its structural complexity, I use the binomial tree model to value the convertible bond by constructing the interest rate tree and stock price tree. As a convertible bond is a hybrid security of debt and equity, I combine the interest rate tree and stock price tree into one single tree. Default risk is added to the valuation tree to represent the event of a default. The model is then tested and compared with the performance of the Canadian convertible bond market. Moreover, I study the duration, convexity and Greeks of convertible bonds. These are important risk metrics in the portfolio management of the convertible bond to measure risks linked to interest rate, equity, volatility and other market factors. I investigate the partial derivative of the value of the convertible bond with respect to various parameters, such as the interest rate, stock price, volatility of the interest rate, volatility of the stock price, mean reversion of the interest rate and dividend yield of the underlying stock. A convertible bond arbitrage portfolio is constructed to capture the abnormal returns from the Delta hedging strategy and I describe the risks associated with these returns. The portfolio is created by matching long positions in convertible bonds, with short positions in the underlying stock to create a Delta hedged convertible bond position, which captures income and volatility

Srovnání čínského akciového trhu a amerického akciového trhu

Since the establishment of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990 and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 1991, China's securities market has played an active role in raising funds, adjusting economic structure, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting the country's economic development, and has become an indispensable part of China's economic activities. a part of. After China's share-trading reform, China's securities market has entered a new historical stage. At this time, it is of great practical significance to re-examine the history of China's securities market over the past decade and correctly evaluate its development. Based on the comparison of the Sino-US securities market, this paper finds the gap between the two. Based on the experience of the development of the US securities market, combined with China's national conditions, it puts forward some suggestions for the development of China's securities market.Since the establishment of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990 and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 1991, China's securities market has played an active role in raising funds, adjusting economic structure, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting the country's economic development, and has become an indispensable part of China's economic activities. a part of. After China's share-trading reform, China's securities market has entered a new historical stage. At this time, it is of great practical significance to re-examine the history of China's securities market over the past decade and correctly evaluate its development. Based on the comparison of the Sino-US securities market, this paper finds the gap between the two. Based on the experience of the development of the US securities market, combined with China's national conditions, it puts forward some suggestions for the development of China's securities market.154 - Katedra financídobř