Addiction to Social Network Site Use: An Information Technology Identity Perspective

As the popularity of social network sites (SNSs) has grown substantially over the past years, several negative effects of using SNSs have been experienced by users and reported by Information Systems (IS) researchers. Addiction to SNSs is one of such negative experiences, which has widely been considered from a psychopathology perspective. While increasingly there is more studies in IS on this phenomenon, it is still unclear what characterises addiction to SNSs and what may influence it. This in-progress study adopts an information technology (IT) identity perspective and applies Dual Systems Theory as well as Protection Motivation Theory to provide an initial understanding of what impacts SNS addiction and how to combat it from an IT/SNS identity perspective. To achieve these objectives, we reviewed the literature and proposed a preliminary framework of addiction to SNSs use. We then offer discuss research implications and propose ideas for future studie

Understanding the Relationship between Social Media Use and Depression: A Systematic Review

There have been many studies on the relationship between social media use and depression in recent years, but there are inconsistencies between their findings. Using the systematic review method, we analyzed the existing body of work on the relationship between social media use and depression in the information systems field. We selected the Web of Science, Emerald, JSTOR, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis Online and Wiley Online Library as search databases, and ended up with 24 papers that met all our requirements. We identified four possible reasons for the inconsistencies. First, the measurement indicators of social media use are different. Second, depression is not measured in the same way. Third, the studies considered different populations of social media users. Fourth, the mediating factors are different with regards to the relationship between social media use and depression. This study provides literature supported theoretical insights for further exploration and analysis

Identifying the combinations of motivations and emotions for creating satisfied users in SNSs : An fsQCA approach

acceptedVersio

Adição à internet e a relação com a atenção e fatores associados em adolescentes

O avanço tecnológico ocorrido nos últimos tempos trouxe facilidades no âmbito da comunicação, acesso e compartilhamento de informações à rotina das pessoas. Contudo, o uso exagerado das tecnologias tem desencadeado uma série de prejuízos que são relacionados à falta de atenção, aumento de peso e aumento de sintomas relacionados ao Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), impulsividade, depressão, ansiedade e estresse, além da redução do sono, do rendimento escolar, fatores que podem afetar aspectos psicológicos, sociais e funcionais da vida de muitas pessoas e, principalmente, em adolescentes. A Internet é uma dessas tecnologias, e tem sido amplamente pesquisada em todos os lugares do mundo. A adição à Internet é uma temática abrangente e a adolescência é uma das fases do desenvolvimento humano mais suscetível, portanto, essa dissertação abrange dois estudos principais que foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de investigar a relação da adição à Internet com a atenção em outros fatores associados. No primeiro estudo, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando três bases de dados. Utilizou-se o modelo PRISMA e a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram analisados 44 estudos. Os resultados mostraram que o instrumento mais utilizado para identificar adição à Internet é o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), e que a atenção é investigada em grupos com e sem TDAH. Identificou-se, também, que variáveis como: depressão, padrões de sono, agressividade e outras substâncias aditivas são amplamente exploradas. No segundo estudo, buscou-se, por meio da aplicação de questionários sociodemográficos, uma bateria de testes de atenção (BPA), da escala IAT, da escala Barratt de impulsividade, da Escala de Depressão Ansiedade e Estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A) e da escala Swanson, Nolan e Pelham (SNAP-IV), identificar a relação da adição à Internet com a atenção, ansiedade, estresse, hiperatividade, impulsividade e depressão em 48 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas das cidades de Caxias do Sul e Flores da Cunha. Os resultados indicaram que a depressão foi preditora de adição à Internet. Além disso, participantes classificados como mais adictos apresentaram médias menores em atenção geral, enquanto apresentaram médias maiores em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade, estresse, ansiedade e depressão, com tamanhos de efeito variando entre níveis moderados e altos. O desenvolvimento do estudo promove reflexões acerca dos prejuízos causados pelo uso exagerado e frisa necessidade de mais estudos e projetos de prevenção na área.Technological advances that have occurred in recent times have made it easier for people to access and share information and communicate. However, the excessive use of technologies has triggered a series of losses that are related to lack of attention, weight gain and increase in symptoms that are related to attention deficit disorder and Hyperactivity (ADHD), impulsivity, depression, anxiety and stress, in addition, reduced sleeping patterns and damages in school performance, factors that might affect psychological, social and functional aspects of several people, mainly adolescents. The Internet is one of them and has been widely researched around the world. Internet addiction is a broad theme and adolescence is one of the most susceptible phases of human development, so this dissertation covers two main studies that were developed with the aim of investigating the relationship of Internet addiction with attention and other associated factors. In the first study, a systematic literature review was carried out using three databases. The PRISMA model was used and, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 studies were analyzed. The results showed that the most used instrument to identify addiction to the Internet is the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and that attention is often investigated in groups with or without ADHD. It was also identified that variables such as depression, sleeping patterns, aggressiveness and other addictive substances are widely explored. In the second study, we sought, through the application of sociodemographic questionnaires, an attention battery (BPA), IAT scale, Barratt Impulsiveness scale, Depression. Anxiety and stress scale for adolescents (EDAE-A) and Swanson, Nolan e Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale, to identify the relationship of Internet addiction with attention, anxiety, stress, hyperactivity, impulsivity and depression in 48 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, students from public and private schools in the cities of Caxias do Sul and Flores da Cunha. The results showed that depression was a predictor of addiction to the Internet. In addition, participants classified as more addicts had lower averages in general attention, while higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, stress, anxiety and depression, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high levels. The development of the study promotes reflections on the damage caused by overuse and emphasizes the need for further studies and prevention projects in the area

Exploring the role of social media in the lives and well-being of young refugees in Bergen, Norway

In the wake of the “refugee crisis”, social media is increasingly being used by governments, humanitarian organisations, voluntary groups, and refugees themselves, to respond to issues raised by forced migration. Social media is regarded as both a facilitator and barrier in migration processes, and in recent years has been used by policy-makers and practitioners as a resource to promote integration and support refugees in host countries as well as a tool to deter migration (in official government ‘migration information’ campaigns). The potential of social media to reach migrant and refugee populations has also attracted the attention of health promoters. However, there is little evidence regarding the effects of targeted messages and campaigns delivered by social media on refugees themselves, including the impact on their well-being. There is also limited empirical research on how refugees are already using social media in their everyday lives in host countries, how it is of value to them, and what outcomes they themselves want to achieve - and are achieving - by using it. This study aims to understand how and why young refugees living in Norway use social media in their everyday lives, to explore their experiences of using it and identify capabilities that it offers them, and to make connections between their social media use and well-being. It adopts a qualitative approach, employing as research methods: in-depth interviews with eight young refugees of different nationalities living in Bergen; interviews with two key informants representing a ‘Refugees Welcome’ group in Norway and the Norwegian government’s ‘Stricter Asylum Regulations in Norway’ migration information campaign; and online observation of two public Facebook groups focused on refugees in Norway, ‘Refugees Welcome to Norway’ and ‘Refugees NOT Welcome to Norway’. Two theories are used to frame the study and guide the analysis of findings: Uses and Gratifications Theory, which is an approach to understanding why individuals actively seek out particular media, including social media, to satisfy specific needs; and the Capability Approach, which shifts focus from the resources that individuals have access to, such as technologies, towards the outcomes that they are able to achieve with them. Findings from analysis of study participants’ reported uses of social media indicate that their main motivations for using social media in their lives in Norway are communication, access to information, and learning. Analysis of participants’ reported achievements suggests that social media as a resource offers five related capabilities: effective communication; social connectedness; participation in learning opportunities; access to information; and expression of self. Other findings from the study, such as issues of trust in social media, preferences for ‘real-life’ face-to-face contact, and differences in approach to using social media (‘active’ versus ‘passive’ use), are also discussed. Migration information campaigns conducted on social media are found to have little direct impact on participants in this study. However, participants report awareness of and positive responses to social media groups supporting refugees in Norway (such as the ‘Refugees Welcome’ Facebook groups). The thesis concludes by highlighting that, although not all participants in the study engage with social media in the same way and some negative experiences are reported, social media does have an important positive role to play in their well-being. Recommendations include ensuring that all asylum seekers and refugees in Norway have the opportunity to acquire the skills needed to navigate social media; including refugees in the design and implementation of initiatives using social media, particularly around issues of trust and security; and recognising the value of identifying the social media platforms that refugees are already using in their daily lives, and using these to deliver health promotion messages and learning opportunities.GLODE36

The relationship between social media and academic performance: the case of high school students in a Nigerian private school.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.This research explores in detail the relationship between social media and academic performance of students, using a case study approach with a sample of 12 Nigerian students. This study was driven by the perception that students immersed themselves in social media activities to the detriment of their academic function. The qualitative data generated from emic accounts of participants revealed three factors that may address the inconsistencies found in previous studies. The first is tied to the longstanding historical and socio-cultural practices of schools that informs curricula definition of academic activities. The traditional definition of academic activity is narrow, and disregards digital natives’ definition of what is considered to be academic activity, thus hindering their performance. Academic performance is a relative concept; if the curriculum defines academic activity in an inclusive way, then there is a positive relationship, but if it excludes learning areas that participants find on social media and consider relevant, there is no relationship. Therefore, the relationship between social media and academic performance depends basically on the philosophy of each school and how they choose to define, interpret and implement academic activities from which academic performance is derived. Secondly, the data revealed that participants regarded a combination of both social media context and academic context as yielding more academic benefit than a single one. However, it is only when the academic instruction supports students’ needs that the academic gap between both contexts is bridged. Thirdly, participants reported that social media enabled them to learn more, know more, think deeper, do more and achieve more, making them more able to adapt their knowledge and be efficient in solving academic problems. A major concept that surfaced in the data is personal effort. Participants all attributed their academic success to hard work, meeting teachers, researching books and social media and that neither social media nor traditional settings on their own contributed to their good grades. This suggests that academic performance depends mainly on an individual student’s mind-set, intrapersonal values, skills and interests. In the game of soccer, the field does not produce goals. Rather, it is the ability of players to collaborate, coordinate, perceive and utilise available spaces to their advantage. The same goes for the relationship between students’ social media usage and their academic performance. This means that the value that students place on their academic activities has a significant influence on how they use social media

A Web of Distortion: How Internet Use is Related to Cognitive Distortion, Personality Traits, and Relationship Dissatisfaction

Internet use is a growing trend among every segment of the population. There are many positive aspects of internet use, such as increased information sharing, communication, business opportunities, and education. However, excessive internet usage has been shown to have a number of deleterious effects on individuals, families, and relationships. Pathological internet use is a growing concern that can have numerous negative outcomes. This study has demonstrated the fact that specific types of internet use were associated with cognitive distortion, personality traits, and relationship satisfaction. Moreover, the number of hours of internet use by type was related to average, weekly, total number of hours of internet use. A difference was also found between users and nonusers of internet pornography. The findings from this study can be used to further develop screening instruments, inform clinical practice, and improve treatment guidelines so that individuals with pathological internet use can be identified and treated

The influence of perceived brand personality of social media on users' attitude motivations and behaviour

The study examines the effect of the users’ perceived brand personality (PBP) of social media (Facebook, LinkedIn and YouTube) on attitude, motivation, behavioural intent, and behaviour. The study applies Aaker’s (1997) brand personality scale (BPS) to social media brands to test the extent to which it is applicable to social media brands, to examine the underlying structure of the PBP of social media brands and tests the hypothesised model for the interrelationship between the PBP of social media and attitude, motivation, behavioural intent, and behaviour. A quantitative approach was employed, where data was collected using an online survey. A sample of 380 respondents per platform was used, giving a total of 1140 respondents for the study. Exploratory factor analyses were done to examine the underlying structure of the PBP of social media brands. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the fit of the hypothesised model and subsequent relationships between the constructs. A two-factor solution for the brand personality of social media (Facebook, LinkedIn and YouTube) was extracted. The brand personality of Facebook is represented by two traits: excitement and sincerity. The Facebook model fit indices are as follows: __2 = 1298.658; d.__ = 510; p = .000; NFI = .846; IFI = .901; TLI = .890; CFI = 900, RMSEA = 0.066 PCLOSE (.000) The brand personality of LinkedIn is represented by two traits: competence and sincerity. The LinkedIn model fit indices were attained at: at: __2 = 1124.7067; d.__ = 478; p = .000; RMSEA = 0.0601; NFI = .872; IFI = .922; TLI = .914; CFI = 922; RMSEA = 0.0601 PCLOSE (.000). The brand personality of YouTube is represented by two traits: excitement and sincerity. The YouTube model fit indices were attained at: __2 = 1133.485, d.__ = 510; p-value = .000, NFI = .844, IFI = .908, TLI = .898, CFI = .907, and RMSEA = .060 (PCLOSE = 0.000). The results of the hypothesis tests revealed that H1: which states that there is a significant positive relationship between PBP of social media and users’ attitude and H2: which indicates a significant positive relationship between PBP of social media and motivation were partially supported for the three social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube). H3: which states that there is a significant positive relationship between users’ attitude and behavioural intent was supported for Facebook and LinkedIn and was not supported for YouTube. H4: which states that there is a significant positive relationship between users’ attitude and behaviour was not supported for the three social media platforms. H5: which states that there is a significant relationship between users’ motivation and behaviour was partially supported for Facebook and was supported for LinkedIn and YouTube. H6: which states that there is a significant positive relationship between users’ motivation and behaviour was partially supported for Facebook and not supported for LinkedIn and YouTube. The last hypothesis H7: which states that there is a significant positive relationship between behavioural intent and behaviour was not supported for the three platforms.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.Marketing ManagementPhDUnrestricte

Scrolling, safety and self-presentation: A grounded theory of social anxiety for Instagram millennials

Most people live with some form of mild social discomfort, but for those with social anxiety daily life is mired with social distress. With the advent of digital technology, those individuals now need to navigate their social worlds through a terrain of in-person and online engagement, and this influences how social anxiety manifests for them. In this investigation, 12 millennials were screened for social anxiety and reported using Instagram daily. They were administered open-ended interviews which were analysed using constructivist grounded theory principles. After the analysis, a strategic literature review was carried out to integrate the findings within the literature. Data from the participants led to a substantive formulation for understanding social anxiety in the information age. Three core categories emerged: exclusion, inferiority, and limitation. Those categories were then used to investigate social media processes for the participants. The findings indicate that socially anxious millennials in this study engaged in four main psychosocial processes online. The first is social comparison to others was indiscriminate online, the second was that assertive self-presenters were better able to make use of the new possibilities that Instagram presents. The third is that compensatory connection took place through voyeurism or watching others’ personal content. Finally, scrolling on Instagram seems to be serving a safety behaviour for those individuals. This research develops on a small but crucial body of literature which centralises the lived experience in understanding online engagement in the fields of cyberpsychology and counselling psychology. This study revealed the significance of Instagram engagement for those who struggle with social anxiety and clarifies how Instagram is integrated within their social experience