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    Identifying and classifying attributes of packaging for customer satisfaction-A Kano Model Approach

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    [EN] The packaging industry in India is predicted to grow at 18% annually. In recent years Packaging becomes a potential marketing tool. The marketer should design the packaging of high quality from customer perspective.  As the research in the area of packaging is very few, study of quality attributes of Packaging is the need of the hour and inevitable. An empirical research was conducted by applying Kano Model. The researcher is interested to find out the perception of the customers on 22 quality attributes of packaging. 500 respondents which were selected randomly were asked about their experience of packing on everyday commodities through a well-structured questionnaire.  The classification of attribute as must-be quality, one-dimensional quality, attractive quality, indifferent quality and reverse quality was done by three methods. Marketer should make a note of it and prioritise the attributes for customer satisfaction.Dash, SK. (2021). Identifying and classifying attributes of packaging for customer satisfaction-A Kano Model Approach. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 9(1):57-64. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2021.13683OJS576491Bakhitar, A.,Hannan, A., Basit, A., Ahmad, J.(2015). Prioritization of value based services of software by using AHP and fuzzy KANO model. International Conference on Computational and Social Sciences, 8, 25- 27.Basfirinci, C., Mitra, A. (2015). A cross cultural investigation of airlines service quality through integration of Servqual and the Kano model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42(1), 239-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.11.005Berger, C., Blauth, R., Boger, D., Bolster, C., Burchill, G., DuMouchel, W., Pouliot, F., Richter, R., Rubinoff, A., Shen, D., Timko, M., Walden, D. (1993). Kano's methods for understanding customer-defined quality. The Center for Quality of Management Journal, 2(4), 2-36.Brown, G.H. (1950). Measuring consumer attitudes towards products. Journal of Marketing, 14(5), 691-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224295001400505Chaudha, A., Jain, R., Singh, A.R., Mishra, P.K. (2011). Integration of Kano's Model into Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Journal Advice Manufacture Technology, 53, 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2867-0Cole, R.E. (2001). From continuous improvement to continuous innovation. Quality Management Journal, 8(4), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2001.11918977Dash, S.K. (2019). Application of Kano Model in Identifying Attributes. A Case Study on School Bus Services. International Journal of Management Studies, 6(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i1(3)/03Dziuba, S.T., ƚron, B. (2014). FAM-FMC system as an alternative element of the software used in a grain and flour milling enterprise. Production Engineering Archives, 4(3),29-31. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2014.04.08Ernzer, M., Kopp, K.(2003). Application of KANO method to life cycle design. IEEE Proceedings of Eco Design: Third International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious De-sign and Inverse Manufacturing, Tokyo Japan, December 8-11, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2003.1322697Feigenbaum, A.V. (1991).Total Quality Control. McGraw-Hill. Fundin, A., Nilsson, L. (2003). Using Kano's theory of attractive quality to better understand customer satisfaction with e-services. Asian Journal on Quality, 4(2), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200300018Friman, M., Edvardsson, B. (2003). A content analysis of complaints and compliments. Managing Service Quality, 13(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520310456681Garvin, D.A. (1987). Competing on the eight dimensions of quality. Harvard Business Review, 65(6), 101-109.Hanan, M., Karp, P. (1989). Customer satisfaction, how to maximise, measure and market your company's "ultimate product". AMACOM.Herzberg, F., Bernard, M., Snyderman, B.B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. John Wiley and Sons.Hoch, S.J., Ha, Y.W. (1986). Consumer learning: advertising and the ambiguity of product experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 221-33.https://doi.org/10.1086/209062Johnson, M.D., Nilsson, L. (2003). The Importance of Reliability and Customization from Goods to Services. Quality Management Journal, 10(1), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2003.11919049Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., Tsuji, S. (1984). Attractive Quality and Must-Be Quality. Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control, 41, 39-48.Kapalle, P.K, Lehmann, D.R. (1995). The effects of advertised and observed quality on expectations about new product quality. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(8), 280-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379503200304Lee, M.C., Newcomb, J.F. (1997). Applying the Kano methodology to meet customer requirements: NASA's microgravity science program. Quality Management Journal, 4(3), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.1997.11918805Löfgren, M. (2005). Winning at the first and second moments of truth: An exploratory study. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 15(1), 102-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520510575290Löfgren, M., Witell, L. (2005). Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. Quality Management Journal, 12(3), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2005.11919257Matzler, K., Hinterhuber, H.H., Bailom, F., Sauerwein, E. (1996). How to delight your customers. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 5(2), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610429610119469Miarka, D., Ć»ukowska, J., Siwek, A., Nowacka,A., Nowak, D. (2015). Microbial hazards reduction during creamy cream cheese production. Production Engineering Archives, 6(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2015.06.10Nelson, P. (1970), Information and consumer behaviour. 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International Working Seminar on Production Economics, Innsbruck/Igls/Austria, February 19-23 1996, pp. 313-327. https://is.muni. cz/el/econ/podzim2009/MPH_MAR2/um/9899067/THE_KANO_MODEL_-_HOW_TO_DELIGHT_YOUR_CUSTOMERS.pdfShewhart, W.A. (1931). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.Underwood, R.L., Klein, N.M. (2002). Packaging as Brand Communication: Effects of Product Pictures on Consumer Responses to the Package and Brand. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2002.11501926Underwood, R.L. Klein, N.M., Burke, R.R. (2001). Packaging communication: attentional effects of product imagery. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(7), 403-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420110410531Watson, G.H. (2003), "Customer focus and competitiveness", in Stephens, K.S. (Ed.), Six Sigma and Related Studies in the Quality Disciplines, ASQ Quality Press, Milwaukee, WI.Williams, D. (2020). 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    Improving Distributed Decision Making in Inventory Management: A Combined ABC-AHP Approach Supported by Teamwork

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    [EN] The need of organizations to ensure service levels that impact on customer satisfaction has required the design of collaborative processes among stakeholders involved in inventory decision making. The increase of quantity and variety of items, on the one hand, and demand and customer expectations, on the other hand, are transformed into a greater complexity in inventory management, requiring effective communication and agreements between the leaders of the logistics processes. Traditionally, decision making in inventory management was based on approaches conditioned only by cost or sales volume. These approaches must be overcome by others that consider multiple criteria, involving several areas of the companies and taking into account the opinions of the stakeholders involved in these decisions. Inventory management becomes part of a complex system that involves stakeholders from different areas of the company, where each agent has limited information and where the cooperation between such agents is key for the system's performance. In this paper, a distributed inventory control approach was used with the decisions allowing communication between the stakeholders and with a multicriteria group decision-making perspective. This work proposes a methodology that combines the analysis of the value chain and the AHP technique, in order to improve communication and the performance of the areas related to inventory management decision making. This methodology uses the areas of the value chain as a theoretical framework to identify the criteria necessary for the application of the AHP multicriteria group decision-making technique. These criteria were defined as indicators that measure the performance of the areas of the value chain related to inventory management and were used to classify ABC inventory of the products according to these selected criteria. Therefore, the methodology allows us to solve inventory management DDM based on multicriteria ABC classification and was validated in a Colombian company belonging to the graphic arts sector.PĂ©rez Vergara, IG.; Arias SĂĄnchez, JA.; Poveda Bautista, R.; Diego-Mas, JA. (2020). Improving Distributed Decision Making in Inventory Management: A Combined ABC-AHP Approach Supported by Teamwork. Complexity. 2020:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6758108S1132020Poveda-Bautista, R., Baptista, D. C., & GarcĂ­a-MelĂłn, M. (2012). Setting competitiveness indicators using BSC and ANP. International Journal of Production Research, 50(17), 4738-4752. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.657964Castro Zuluaga, C. A., Velez Gallego, M. C., & Catro Urrego, J. A. (2011). ClasificaciĂłn ABC Multicriterio: Tipos de Criterios y efectos en la asignaciĂłn de pesos. ITECKNE, 8(2). doi:10.15332/iteckne.v8i2.35Morash, E. A., & Clinton, S. R. (1998). Supply Chain Integration: Customer Value through Collaborative Closeness versus Operational Excellence. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 6(4), 104-120. doi:10.1080/10696679.1998.11501814Fabbe-Costes, N. (2015). Évaluer la crĂ©ation de valeurdu Supply Chain Management. Logistique & Management, 23(4), 41-50. doi:10.1080/12507970.2015.11758621Flores, B. E., & Clay Whybark, D. (1986). Multiple Criteria ABC Analysis. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 6(3), 38-46. doi:10.1108/eb054765Partovi, F. Y., & Burton, J. (1993). Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process for ABC Analysis. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 13(9), 29-44. doi:10.1108/01443579310043619Balaji, K., & Kumar, V. S. S. (2014). Multicriteria Inventory ABC Classification in an Automobile Rubber Components Manufacturing Industry. Procedia CIRP, 17, 463-468. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.02.044Ramanathan, R. (2006). ABC inventory classification with multiple-criteria using weighted linear optimization. Computers & Operations Research, 33(3), 695-700. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2004.07.014Van Kampen, T. J., Akkerman, R., & Pieter van Donk, D. (2012). SKU classification: a literature review and conceptual framework. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32(7), 850-876. doi:10.1108/01443571211250112Flores, B. E., Olson, D. L., & Dorai, V. K. (1992). Management of multicriteria inventory classification. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 16(12), 71-82. doi:10.1016/0895-7177(92)90021-cGajpal, P. P., Ganesh, L. S., & Rajendran, C. (1994). Criticality analysis of spare parts using the analytic hierarchy process. 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Multi-criteria ABC inventory classification with mixed quantitative and qualitative criteria. International Journal of Production Research, 52(3), 776-786. doi:10.1080/00207543.2013.838328Ishizaka, A., Pearman, C., & Nemery, P. (2012). AHPSort: an AHP-based method for sorting problems. International Journal of Production Research, 50(17), 4767-4784. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.657966Yu, M.-C. (2011). Multi-criteria ABC analysis using artificial-intelligence-based classification techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(4), 3416-3421. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.08.127Tsai, C.-Y., & Yeh, S.-W. (2008). A multiple objective particle swarm optimization approach for inventory classification. International Journal of Production Economics, 114(2), 656-666. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.02.017Aydin Keskin, G., & Ozkan, C. (2013). Multiple Criteria ABC Analysis with FCM Clustering. Journal of Industrial Engineering, 2013, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2013/827274Lolli, F., Ishizaka, A., & Gamberini, R. (2014). New AHP-based approaches for multi-criteria inventory classification. International Journal of Production Economics, 156, 62-74. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.05.015Raja, A. M. L., Ai, T. J., & Astanti, R. D. (2016). A Clustering Classification of Spare Parts for Improving Inventory Policies. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 114, 012075. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/114/1/012075Zowid, F. M., Babai, M. Z., Douissa, M. R., & Ducq, Y. (2019). Multi-criteria inventory ABC classification using Gaussian Mixture Model. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 1925-1930. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.484Babai, M. Z., Ladhari, T., & Lajili, I. (2014). On the inventory performance of multi-criteria classification methods: empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Research, 53(1), 279-290. doi:10.1080/00207543.2014.952791Schneeweiss, C. (2003). Distributed decision making––a unified approach. 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Machine learning for multi-criteria inventory classification applied to intermittent demand. Production Planning & Control, 30(1), 76-89. doi:10.1080/09537287.2018.1525506Kartal, H., Oztekin, A., Gunasekaran, A., & Cebi, F. (2016). An integrated decision analytic framework of machine learning with multi-criteria decision making for multi-attribute inventory classification. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 101, 599-613. doi:10.1016/j.cie.2016.06.004LĂłpez-Soto, D., Angel-Bello, F., Yacout, S., & Alvarez, A. (2017). A multi-start algorithm to design a multi-class classifier for a multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problem. Expert Systems with Applications, 81, 12-21. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2017.02.048Dweiri, F., Kumar, S., Khan, S. A., & Jain, V. (2016). Designing an integrated AHP based decision support system for supplier selection in automotive industry. 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    Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling

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    [EN] Several Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) have recently adopted an English-only policy known as “Englishnization”. This study examines the impact of this policy using computer-assisted text analysis to investigate changes in cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values over time. Cultural expatriates are a significant but underexplored outcome of globalization. Despite the recent proliferation of studies on the internationalization of Japanese MNCs, few studies have focused on cultural expatriates' perceptions of corporate language policy in social media texts. This study analyzes a corpus of 208 posts from Rakuten, a Japanese MNC, on Glassdoor from 2009 to 2020. The findings suggest that these posts can be divided into three content groups: the threat of a foreign corporate culture, embracing the Rakuten way, and perceptions of leadership and marginalized status. Further, the posts reveal how Rakuten’s corporate language policy, as an instrument of internal internationalization, impacts external internationalization. The dynamics of “Englishnization’’ reveal a pressing issue facing Rakuten: namely, how to balance multinational cohesion with monolingualism and multiculturalism. This paper aims to demonstrate that dynamic topic modeling could enhance our understanding of the manner in which cultural expatriates and the English-only policy affect the internationalization of Japanese MNCs. It contributes to the literature by examining cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values from a diachronic perspective.Zhang, Z. (2021). Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling. Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research. 5(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2021.15909OJS12651Alalwan, Ali Abdallah. 2018. 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"Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Wolf Recolonization in France using Structural Topic Modeling." Biological Conservation 220: 254-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.029Chung, Neo Christopher, BƂaĆ»ej Miasojedow, MichaƂ Startek, and Anna Gambin. 2019. "Jaccard/Tanimoto Similarity Test and Estimation Methods for Biological Presence-Absence Data." BMC Bioinformatics 20(15): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-019-3118-5Cogo, Alessia and Yanaprasart, Patchareerat. 2018. "English is the language of business": An exploration of language ideologies in two European corporate contexts." In English in Business and Commerce: Interactions and Policies; English in Europe, Volume 5, edited by Tamah Sherman and Jiri Nekvapil, 96-116. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501506833-005Conrad, Harald, and Hendrik Meyer-Ohle. 2019. 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Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Hong, Liangjie, and Brian D. Davison. 2010. "Empirical Study of Topic Modeling in Twitter." In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Media Analytics - SOMA '10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1964858.1964870Jacoby, Sanford M. 2005. "Business and Society in Japan and the United States." British Journal of Industrial Relations 43(4): 617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2005.00476.xJameson, Daphne A. 2007. "Reconceptualizing Cultural Identity and its Role in Intercultural Business Communication." The Journal of Business Communication (1973) 44(3): 199-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943607301346Johannsen, Anders, Dirk Hovy, and Anders SĂžgaard. 2015. "Cross-lingual Syntactic Variation over Age and Gender." In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/K15-1011Kankaanranta, Anne, and Wei Lu. 2013. 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    Do Disaster Literacy and Mitigation Policy Affect Residents Resettling in Tsunami Prone Areas? Study from the City of Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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    Akbar, A., Ma'rif, S. (2014). Arah Perkembangan Kawasan Perumahan Pasca Bencana Tsunami di Kota Banda Aceh. Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota), 3(2), 274-284.Bandrova, T., Zlatanova, S., Konecny, M. (2012). Three-dimensional maps for disaster management. In ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume I-2, XXII ISPRS Congress, August-September 2012, pp. 19-24. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.BNPB. (2012). Menuju Indonesia Tangguh Tsunami. Jakarta: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana.BNPB. (2016). Kebijakan dan Strategi Penanggulangan Bencana 2015-2019 (Jakstra PB).BPBA. (2015). Kajian Risiko Bencana Aceh 2016-2020.BPBD. (2017). Rencana Pengurangan Bencana. Banda Aceh.BRR. (2005). Program Blueprint Aceh.Carreño, M. L., Cardona, O. D., Barbat, A. H. (2007). A Disaster Risk Management Performance Index. Natural Hazards, 41(1), 1-20.Danugroho, A., Umamah, N., Pratama, A. R. (2020). Aceh Tsunami and Government Policy in Handling It: A Historical Study. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 485, No. 1, p. 012140). IOP Publishing.Febriana, D. S., Abubakar, Y. (2015). Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Desa Siaga Bencana dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi di Kecamatan Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmu Kebencanaan: Program Pascasarjana Unsyiah, 2(3).Gadeng, A. N., Furqan, M. H. (2019). The Development of Settlement in the Tsunami Red Zone Area of Banda Aceh City. KnE Social Sciences, 1-13.Godschalk, D., Bohl, C. C., Beatley, T., Berke, P., Brower, D., Kaiser, E. J. (1999). Natural Hazard Mitigation: Recasting Disaster Policy and Planning. Island press.Goltz, J., Yamori, K. (2020). Tsunami Preparedness and Mitigation Strategies. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.Herrmann, G. (2013). Regulation of Coastal Zones and Natural Disasters: Mitigating the Impact of Tsunamis in Chile Through Urban and Regional Planning. Issues in Legal Scholarship, 11(1), 29-44.Jain, Garima., Singh, Chandni and Malani, T. (2017). Rethinking Post-disaster Relocation in Urban India. International Institute for Environment and Development.Kafle, S. K. (2006). Rapid Disaster Risk Assessment of Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Mutiara Village, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Environment and Disaster Management Held in Jakarta, Indonesia on December (pp. 5-8).Mardiatno, D., Malawani, M. N., Annisa, D. N., Wacano, D. (2017). Review on Tsunami Risk Reduction in Indonesia Based on Coastal and Settlement Typology. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(2), 186-197.Marlyono, S. G. (2017). Peranan Literasi Informasi Bencana terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Masyarakat Jawa Barat. Jurnal Geografi Gea, 16(2), 116-123.Oktari, R. S., Nugroho, A., Fahmi, M., Suppasri, A., Munadi, K., Amra, R. (2021). Fifteen years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh-Indonesia: Mitigation, preparedness and challenges for a long-term disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 54, 102052.Peacock, W. G. and H. R. (2011). The Adoption and Implementation of Hazard Mitigation Policies and Strategies by Coastal Jurisdictions in Texas: The Planning Survey Results. Retrieved from http/TheAdoptionandImplementationofHazardMitigationPoliciesandStrategiesbyCoastalJurisdictionsinTexasDec2011.pdfPemerintah Kota Banda Aceh. (2009).Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Banda Aceh 2009-2029.Priyowidodo, G., Luik, J. E. (2013). Literasi mitigasi bencana tsunami untuk masyarakat pesisir di Kabupaten Pacitan Jawa Timur. Ekotrans, 13(1), 47-61.PU, K. (2015). Rancangan Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Inventaris Jangka Menengah (RPI-2JM) Bidang Cipta Karya 2015-2019.Sambah, A. B., Miura, F. (2019). Geo Spatial Analysis for Tsunami Risk Mapping. In Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications, Tsunami Disasters, and Infrastructure. IntechOpen.Schwab, A. K., Sandler, D., Brower, D. J. (2016). Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness: An Introductory Text For Emergency Management and Planning Professionals. CRC Press.Shigenobu, T., Istiyanto, D., Kuribayashi, D. (2009). Sustainable Tsunami Risk Reduction and Utilization of Tsunami Hazard Map (THM).Strunz, G., Post, J., Zosseder, K., Wegscheider, S., MĂŒck, M., Riedlinger, T., ... Muhari, A. (2011). Tsunami Risk Assessment in Indonesia. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(1), 67-82.Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan:(pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R D). Bandung: Alfabeta.Sunarto, S., Marfai, M. A. (2012). Potensi Bencana Tsunami dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Studi Kasus Desa Sumberagung Banyuwangi Jawa Timur. In Forum Geografi (Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 17-28).Syamsidik, Nugroho, A., Suryani, R., Fahmi., M. (2019). Aceh Pasca 15 Tahun Bencana Tsunami: Kilas Balik dan Proses Pemulihan. Banda Aceh: Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC).Torani, S., Majd, P. M., Maroufi, S. S., Dowlati, M., Sheikhi, R. A. (2019). The Importance of Education on Disasters and Emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health promotion, 8.Triatmadja, R. (2011). Tsunami: Kejadian, Penjalaran, Daya Rusak, dan Mitigasinya. Gadjah Mada University Press.Widianto, A., Damen, M. (2014). Determination of Coastal Belt in the Disaster Prone Area: A Case Study in The Coastal Area of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 46(2), 125

    Visiting Dark Murals: An Ethnographic Approach to the Sustainability of Heritage

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    [EN] Political, war-themed and controversial murals aim to show the history of a community, making the intangible tangible, and, because these events are still recent, they stir people's emotions. Visitors to this type of heritage have a mixture of artistic and dark interests that lead to what we call 'dark mural attractions'. These political murals need a public strategy to be preserved, become better known and attract local economic development funds to make them sustainable. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how communities could build a co-narrative around murals to generate a sustainable local development. To achieve this goal, an in depth study needs to be performed to establish what kind of narrative will enable political murals to attract dark visitors and examine how communities can build a sustainable co-narrative around a dark mural. As a case study, we analyse the Battle of Cable Street mural in London, located in the non-touristic borough of Tower Hamlets, by means of an ethnographic qualitative approach based on stakeholders' opinions, among other sources. In this case, results show that dark murals have the potential to attract visitors, but they require a public strategy for the sustainability of heritage, based on a narrative of community solidarity for educational and discovery purposes.This research was funded by the Valencian Regional Government, Spain, during the visiting research period of De Miguel at the University of Roehampton, under the enlightened supervision of Jonathan Skinner. Grant number: BEST/2019/175.De-Miguel-Molina, M. (2020). Visiting Dark Murals: An Ethnographic Approach to the Sustainability of Heritage. Sustainability. 12(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020677S116122Hooper, G., & Lennon, J. J. (Eds.). (2016). Dark Tourism. doi:10.4324/9781315575865Yan, L., Xu, J. (Bill), Sun, Z., & Xu, Y. (2019). Street art as alternative attractions: A case of the East Side Gallery. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 76-85. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.11.001Culture for Sustainable Development. UNESCOhttps://en.unesco.org/themes/culture-sustainable-developmentSantamarina-Campos, V., Carabal-Montagud, M. Á., Miguel-Molina, M. D., & Miguel-Molina, B. D. (Eds.). (2017). Conservation, Tourism, and Identity of Contemporary Community Art. doi:10.1201/9781315209586Neill, W. J. V. (2001). Marketing the Urban Experience: Reflections on the Place of Fear in the Promotional Strategies of Belfast, Detroit and Berlin. Urban Studies, 38(5-6), 815-828. doi:10.1080/00420980125183Walls and Places: Political Murals in Belfasthttp://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/ps/dartnell/wallandplaces.htmlCampos, R., & Sequeira, Á. (2019). Urban Art touristification: The case of Lisbon. Tourist Studies, 20(2), 182-202. doi:10.1177/1468797619873108De Miguel Molina, M., de Miguel Molina, B., & Santamarina Campos, V. (2019). Visiting African American murals: a content analysis of Los Angeles, California. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 18(2), 201-217. doi:10.1080/14766825.2019.1597877Merrill, S. (2014). Keeping it real? Subcultural graffiti, street art, heritage and authenticity. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(4), 369-389. doi:10.1080/13527258.2014.934902McAuliffe, C., & Iveson, K. (2011). Art and Crime (and Other Things Besides 
 ): Conceptualising Graffiti in the City. Geography Compass, 5(3), 128-143. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00414.xBarnes, T. J., & Hayter, R. (1992). ‘The Little Town That Did’: Flexible Accumulation and Community Response in Chemainus, British Columbia. Regional Studies, 26(7), 647-663. doi:10.1080/00343409212331347281Grondeau, A., & Pondaven, F. (2018). Le street art, outil de valorisation territoriale et touristique : l’exemple de la Galeria de Arte Urbana de Lisbonne. EchoGĂ©o, (44). doi:10.4000/echogeo.15324Improving Places: Culture & Business Improvement District Partnershipshttps://www.artscouncil.org.uk/publication/improving-places-culture-business-improvement-district-partnershipsSaunders, A. (2013). Recovering the street: relocalising urban geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(4), 536-546. doi:10.1080/03098265.2013.801069Figini, P., & Vici, L. (2012). Off-season tourists and the cultural offer of a mass-tourism destination: The case of Rimini. Tourism Management, 33(4), 825-839. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.005Arts audiences: Insighthttps://www.artscouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/download-file/arts_audience_insight_2011.pdfLight, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275-301. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.011Cohen, E. H. (2011). Educational dark tourism at an in populo site. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 193-209. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.08.003Seaton, A. V. (1996). Guided by the dark: From thanatopsistothanatourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234-244. doi:10.1080/13527259608722178Foley, M., & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198-211. doi:10.1080/13527259608722175Raine, R. (2013). A dark tourist spectrum. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 242-256. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-05-2012-0037Blom, T. (2000). Morbid tourism - a postmodern market niche with an example from Althorp. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54(1), 29-36. doi:10.1080/002919500423564de-Miguel-Molina, M., & Barrera-GabaldĂłn, J. L. (2019). Controversial heritage: the Valley of the Fallen. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 128-143. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-01-2019-0006Koster, R. L. P. (2008). Mural-based tourism as a strategy for rural community economic development. Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research Volume 2, 153-292. doi:10.1016/s1871-3173(08)02004-1Isaac, R. K., Çakmak, E., & Butler, R. (Eds.). (2019). Tourism and Hospitality in Conflict-Ridden Destinations. doi:10.4324/9780429463235Arandelovic, B., & Bogunovich, D. (2014). City profile: Berlin. Cities, 37, 1-26. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.10.007Heidenry, R. (2014). The Murals of El Salvador: Reconstruction, Historical Memory and Whitewashing. Public Art Dialogue, 4(1), 122-145. doi:10.1080/21502552.2014.878486Skinner, J., & Jolliffe, L. (Eds.). (2017). Murals and Tourism. doi:10.4324/9781315547978Koensler, A., & Papa, C. (2011). Political tourism in the Israeli-Palestinian space (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate). Anthropology Today, 27(2), 13-17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2011.00796.xMcAtackney, L. (2011). Peace maintenance and political messages: The significance of walls during and after the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’. Journal of Social Archaeology, 11(1), 77-98. doi:10.1177/1469605310392321Crooke, E. (2010). The politics of community heritage: motivations, authority and control. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(1-2), 16-29. doi:10.1080/13527250903441705Morris, P., & Arford, T. (2018). «Sweat a little water, sweat a little blood»: A spectacle of convict labor at an American amusement park. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 15(3), 423-446. doi:10.1177/1741659018780201Narvselius, E. (2018). Demonized, domesticated, virtualized: fortification buildings as a case of Prussian heritage in present-day Kaliningrad. Nationalities Papers, 46(3), 400-421. doi:10.1080/00905992.2017.1374938Murtagh, B., Boland, P., & Shirlow, P. (2017). Contested heritages and cultural tourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(6), 506-520. doi:10.1080/13527258.2017.1287118Ong, C.-E., Minca, C., & Felder, M. (2014). The historic hotel as ‘quasi-freedom machine’: negotiating utopian visions and dark histories at Amsterdam’s Lloyd Hotel and ‘Cultural Embassy’. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(2), 167-183. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2014.985223Shaw, W. M. K. (2017). In Situ: The Contraindications of World Heritage. International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 6(2), 339-365. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.339_1Frew, E. A. (2012). Interpretation of a sensitive heritage site: the Port Arthur Memorial Garden, Tasmania. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18(1), 33-48. doi:10.1080/13527258.2011.603908Upton, A., SchĂ€nzel, H., & LĂŒck, M. (2017). Reflections of battlefield tourist experiences associated with Vietnam War sites: an analysis of travel blogs. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 197-210. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2017.1282491Podoshen, J. S. (2016). Trajectories in Holocaust tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 12(4), 347-364. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2016.1197228Yankholmes, A., & McKercher, B. (2015). Rethinking slavery heritage tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(3), 233-247. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2014.988159Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Qualitative Methods in Business Research. doi:10.4135/9780857028044An antidote to the far right’s poison’—The battle for Cable Street’s muralhttps://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/sep/21/battle-cable-street-mural-fascists-east-endStanding Up to Hatred on Cable Streethttps://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/standing-democracy/standing-hatred-cable-streetMccarthy, J. (2006). Regeneration of Cultural Quarters: Public Art for Place Image or Place Identity? Journal of Urban Design, 11(2), 243-262. doi:10.1080/13574800600644118Yirik, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Çakar, K. (2016). From the white darkness to dark tourism: the case of Sarikamish. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(3), 245-260. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-06-2015-0064The Battle of Cable Street. APT Filmshttps://vimeo.com/5817684Duffy, A. (2016). Trusting me, trusting you: Evaluating three forms of trust on an information-rich consumer review website. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(3), 212-220. doi:10.1002/cb.1628Museum in Cable St about women and suffragettes turns out to be ‘Jack the Ripper’. The Docklands & East London Advertiserhttps://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/museum-in-cable-st-about-women-and-suffragettes-turns-out-to-be-jack-the-ripper-1-4172863Miguel Molina, M., & Skinner, J. (2019). Walls of Expression and Dark Murals Tourism. Anthropology News, 60(6). doi:10.1111/an.1310Strange, C., & Kempa, M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(02)00102-0Young, A. (2010). Negotiated consent or zero tolerance? Responding to graffiti and street art in Melbourne. City, 14(1-2), 99-114. doi:10.1080/1360481090352521

    New product development in an emerging economy: analysing the role of supplier involvement practices by using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo technique

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    The research question is whether the positive relationship found between supplier involvement practices and new product development performances in developed economies also holds in emerging economies. The role of supplier involvement practices in new product development performance is yet to be substantially investigated in the emerging economies (other than China). This premise was examined by distributing a survey instrument (Jayaram’s (2008) published survey instrument that has been utilised in developed economies) to Malaysian manufacturing companies. To gauge the relationship between the supplier involvement practices and new product development (NPD) project performance of 146 companies, structural equation modelling was adopted. Our findings prove that supplier involvement practices have a significant positive impact on NPD project performance in an emerging economy with respect to quality objectives, design objectives, cost objectives, and “time-to-market” objectives. Further analysis using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, yielding a more credible and feasible differentiation, confirmed these results (even in the case of an emerging economy) and indicated that these practices have a 28% impact on variance of NPD project performance. This considerable effect implies that supplier involvement is a must have, although further research is needed to identify the contingencies for its practices

    The effect of cyber-attacks on stock returns

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    A widely debated issue in recent years is cybercrime. Breaches in the security of accessibility, integrity and confidentiality of information involve potentially high explicit and implicit costs for firms. This paper investigates the impact of information security breaches on stock returns. Using event-study methodology, the study provides empirical evidence on the effect of announcements of cyber-attacks on the market value of firms from 1995 to 2015. Results show that substantial negative market returns occur following announcements of cyber-attacks. Financial entities often suffer greater negative effects than other companies and non-confidential cyber-attacks are the most dangerous, especially for the financial sector. Overall findings seem to show a link between cybercrime and insider trading

    Strategic Knowledge Measurement and Management

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    Knowledge and intellectual capital are now recognized as vital resources for organizational survival and competitive advantage. A vast array of knowledge measures has evolved, spanning many disciplines. This chapter reviews knowledge measures focusing on groups of individuals (such as teams, business and organizations), as they reflect the stock or flow of knowledge, as well as enabling processes that enhance knowledge stocks and flows. The chapter emphasizes the importance of organizational value chains, pivotal talent pools and the link between knowledge and competitive success, in understanding the significance of today’s knowledge measures, and opportunities for future research and practice to enhance them

    KM Maturity Factors Affecting High Performance in Universities

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    This paper aims to measure Knowledge Management Maturity (KMM) in the universities to determine the impact of knowledge management on high performance. This study was applied on Al-Quds Open University in Gaza strip, Palestine. Asian productivity organization model was applied to measure KMM. Second dimension which assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was (306). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression.The overall findings of the current study suggest that KMM is suitable for measuring high performance. KMM assessment shows that maturity level is in level three. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are: Processes, KM leadership, People, KM Outcomes and Learning and Innovation. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study in the universities of Palestine explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity Model
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