4,808 research outputs found
Computer- and robot-assisted Medical Intervention
Medical robotics includes assistive devices used by the physician in order to
make his/her diagnostic or therapeutic practices easier and more efficient.
This chapter focuses on such systems. It introduces the general field of
Computer-Assisted Medical Interventions, its aims, its different components and
describes the place of robots in that context. The evolutions in terms of
general design and control paradigms in the development of medical robots are
presented and issues specific to that application domain are discussed. A view
of existing systems, on-going developments and future trends is given. A
case-study is detailed. Other types of robotic help in the medical environment
(such as for assisting a handicapped person, for rehabilitation of a patient or
for replacement of some damaged/suppressed limbs or organs) are out of the
scope of this chapter.Comment: Handbook of Automation, Shimon Nof (Ed.) (2009) 000-00
Cohort-based T-SSIM Visual Computing for Radiation Therapy Prediction and Exploration
We describe a visual computing approach to radiation therapy (RT) planning,
based on spatial similarity within a patient cohort. In radiotherapy for head
and neck cancer treatment, dosage to organs at risk surrounding a tumor is a
large cause of treatment toxicity. Along with the availability of patient
repositories, this situation has lead to clinician interest in understanding
and predicting RT outcomes based on previously treated similar patients. To
enable this type of analysis, we introduce a novel topology-based spatial
similarity measure, T-SSIM, and a predictive algorithm based on this similarity
measure. We couple the algorithm with a visual steering interface that
intertwines visual encodings for the spatial data and statistical results,
including a novel parallel-marker encoding that is spatially aware. We report
quantitative results on a cohort of 165 patients, as well as a qualitative
evaluation with domain experts in radiation oncology, data management,
biostatistics, and medical imaging, who are collaborating remotely.Comment: IEEE VIS (SciVis) 201
Development of an open source software module for enhanced visualization during MR-guided interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy
In 2010, gynecologic malignancies were the 4th leading cause of death in U.S.
women and for patients with extensive primary or recurrent disease, treatment
with interstitial brachytherapy may be an option. However, brachytherapy
requires precise insertion of hollow catheters with introducers into the tumor
in order to eradicate the cancer. In this study, a software solution to assist
interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy has been investigated and the software
has been realized as an own module under (3D) Slicer, which is a free open
source software platform for (translational) biomedical research. The developed
research module allows on-time processing of intra-operative magnetic resonance
imaging (iMRI) data over a direct DICOM connection to a MR scanner. Afterwards
follows a multi-stage registration of CAD models of the medical brachytherapy
devices (template, obturator) to the patient's MR images, enabling the virtual
placement of interstitial needles to assist the physician during the
intervention.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Recent trends, technical concepts and components of computer-assisted orthopedic surgery systems: A comprehensive review
Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) systems have become one of the most important and challenging types of system in clinical orthopedics, as they enable precise treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, employing modern clinical navigation systems and surgical tools. This paper brings a comprehensive review of recent trends and possibilities of CAOS systems. There are three types of the surgical planning systems, including: systems based on the volumetric images (computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound images), further systems utilize either 2D or 3D fluoroscopic images, and the last one utilizes the kinetic information about the joints and morphological information about the target bones. This complex review is focused on three fundamental aspects of CAOS systems: their essential components, types of CAOS systems, and mechanical tools used in CAOS systems. In this review, we also outline the possibilities for using ultrasound computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (UCAOS) systems as an alternative to conventionally used CAOS systems.Web of Science1923art. no. 519
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