Caracterización de usuario y tráfico en la evolución de la banda ancha en España

El mundo de las telecomunicaciones evoluciona a gran velocidad, acorde con las necesidades de los usuarios. El crecimiento del número de servicios a través de las conexiones que actualmente utilizamos para conectarnos a Internet (Ej. IPTV) con elevados requerimientos de ancho de banda, que junto a los servicios de nuevo nacimiento (ej. OTT), contribuyen tanto al aumento de la necesidad de mayores velocidades de conexión de los usuarios como a la implantación de nuevos modelos de calidad de servicio. Las redes de datos de banda ancha (fija y móvil) actuales deben, por lo tanto, experimentar una profunda transformación para conseguir solventar de una forma eficiente los problemas y las necesidades de tráfico, pudiendo así absorber el progresivo incremento del ancho de banda, dejando las puertas abiertas a futuras mejoras. Y para ello las operadoras se nutrirán con la valiosa información de tráfico y usuario que les lleven a tomar las mejores decisiones de cara a que las transformaciones llevadas a cabo cubran exactamente lo que el usuario demanda de la forma más eficiente posible. Con estas premisas, surgieron las ideas que se plasmaron como objetivos del PFC : La idea de narrar el despliegue de la banda ancha en España desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, enfocando su crecimiento desde un punto de vista sociotecnológico. Dando continuidad al punto anterior, se persiguió la idea de conocer las herramientas sociales y tecnológicas a raíz de las cuales se pueda realizar una previsión del tráfico en las redes de las operadoras en un futuro cercano. La pretensión de mostrar las características de los usuarios de banda ancha y del tráfico de datos que generan, que son de carácter crítico para las operadoras en la elaboración de forma adecuada de la planificación de sus redes. La intención de revelar los procedimientos de las operadoras para que, una vez conocidas las características de sus usuarios, se puedan cumplir los requisitos demandados por los mismos: QoS y los indicadores clave de rendimiento (KPIs) Por otro lado, el nivel de detalle dado pretende adecuarse a un público que no tenga profundos conocimientos sobre la materia, y salvo partes bastante concretas, se puede catalogar este trabajo como de abierto al público en general. ABSTRACT. The world of telecommunications is evolving at high speed, according to the needs of users. The growing of services number through the connections that currently have been used to connect to the Internet (eg IPTV ) with high bandwidth requirements, which together with the new birth services (eg OTT ) contribute both to increased the need for higher connection speeds users and the implementation of new models of service quality. Data networks broadband (fixed and mobile ) today must , therefore, undergo a deep transformation to achieve an efficient solving problems and traffic needs, thus being able to absorb the gradual increase of bandwidth, leaving the door open to future improvements. And for that the operators will be nurtured with valuable information and user traffic that lead them to make better decisions in the face of the transformations carried out exactly meet the user demand for the most efficient possible way. With these assumptions, the ideas that emerged were expressed as PFC objectives : The idea of narrating the broadband deployment in Spain from its origins to the present, focusing its growth from a socio-technological approach. Continuing the previous point, it pursued the idea of knowing the social tools and technology as a result of which it can perform a traffic forecast operators networks in the near future. The attempt to show the characteristics of broadband users and data traffic they generate, which are mission critical for operators in developing adequately planning their networks. The intention to disclose procedures for operators, once known the characteristics of their users, it can meet the requirements demanded by them: QoS and key performance indicators (KPI). On the other hand, the level of detail given suit seeks an audience that does not have deep knowledge on the subject, unless quite specific parts, this work can be classified as open to the general public

Caracterización de usuario y tráfico en la evolución de la banda ancha en España

El mundo de las telecomunicaciones evoluciona a gran velocidad, acorde con las necesidades de los usuarios. El crecimiento del número de servicios a través de las conexiones que actualmente utilizamos para conectarnos a Internet (Ej. IPTV) con elevados requerimientos de ancho de banda, que junto a los servicios de nuevo nacimiento (ej. OTT), contribuyen tanto al aumento de la necesidad de mayores velocidades de conexión de los usuarios como a la implantación de nuevos modelos de calidad de servicio. Las redes de datos de banda ancha (fija y móvil) actuales deben, por lo tanto, experimentar una profunda transformación para conseguir solventar de una forma eficiente los problemas y las necesidades de tráfico, pudiendo así absorber el progresivo incremento del ancho de banda, dejando las puertas abiertas a futuras mejoras. Y para ello las operadoras se nutrirán con la valiosa información de tráfico y usuario que les lleven a tomar las mejores decisiones de cara a que las transformaciones llevadas a cabo cubran exactamente lo que el usuario demanda de la forma más eficiente posible. Con estas premisas, surgieron las ideas que se plasmaron como objetivos del PFC : La idea de narrar el despliegue de la banda ancha en España desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, enfocando su crecimiento desde un punto de vista sociotecnológico. Dando continuidad al punto anterior, se persiguió la idea de conocer las herramientas sociales y tecnológicas a raíz de las cuales se pueda realizar una previsión del tráfico en las redes de las operadoras en un futuro cercano. La pretensión de mostrar las características de los usuarios de banda ancha y del tráfico de datos que generan, que son de carácter crítico para las operadoras en la elaboración de forma adecuada de la planificación de sus redes. La intención de revelar los procedimientos de las operadoras para que, una vez conocidas las características de sus usuarios, se puedan cumplir los requisitos demandados por los mismos: QoS y los indicadores clave de rendimiento (KPIs) Por otro lado, el nivel de detalle dado pretende adecuarse a un público que no tenga profundos conocimientos sobre la materia, y salvo partes bastante concretas, se puede catalogar este trabajo como de abierto al público en general. ABSTRACT. The world of telecommunications is evolving at high speed, according to the needs of users. The growing of services number through the connections that currently have been used to connect to the Internet (eg IPTV ) with high bandwidth requirements, which together with the new birth services (eg OTT ) contribute both to increased the need for higher connection speeds users and the implementation of new models of service quality. Data networks broadband (fixed and mobile ) today must , therefore, undergo a deep transformation to achieve an efficient solving problems and traffic needs, thus being able to absorb the gradual increase of bandwidth, leaving the door open to future improvements. And for that the operators will be nurtured with valuable information and user traffic that lead them to make better decisions in the face of the transformations carried out exactly meet the user demand for the most efficient possible way. With these assumptions, the ideas that emerged were expressed as PFC objectives : The idea of narrating the broadband deployment in Spain from its origins to the present, focusing its growth from a socio-technological approach. Continuing the previous point, it pursued the idea of knowing the social tools and technology as a result of which it can perform a traffic forecast operators networks in the near future. The attempt to show the characteristics of broadband users and data traffic they generate, which are mission critical for operators in developing adequately planning their networks. The intention to disclose procedures for operators, once known the characteristics of their users, it can meet the requirements demanded by them: QoS and key performance indicators (KPI). On the other hand, the level of detail given suit seeks an audience that does not have deep knowledge on the subject, unless quite specific parts, this work can be classified as open to the general public

Scenarios and system dynamics of mobile peer-to-peer content distribution

Vertaisverkkoteknologian menestys kiinteissä verkoissa on johtanut vertaisverkkototeutuksiin myös mobiileissa verkoissa. Mobiilin vertaisverkkoteknologian tulevaisuuden suhteen on tosin vielä paljon epävarmuutta, koska operaattorit ja muut sidosryhmän jäsenet, jotka kärsivät laittoman tiedostonvaihdon seurauksista kiinteän verkon puolella, pelkäävät saman tapahtuvan myös mobiileissa verkoissa. Täten he saattavat yrittää estää mobiilin vertaisverkkoteknologian kehittymistä. On myös epävarmaa onko mobiilille vertaisverkkoteknologialle tarvetta loppukäyttäjän näkökulmasta, eritoten kun mobiililaitteiden suorituskyvyt ovat huomattavasti alhaisempia kuin kiinteiden. Tämä diplomityö keskittyy mobiilin vertaisverkon sisällönjakeluun. Sisällönjakelu on jaettu tiedostonvaihtoon, sisällön suoratoistoon ja kaupallisiin sisältöjärjestelmiin. Työ antaa näkemystä mobiilin vertaisverkon sisällönjakelun olennaisimpiin skenaarioihin, sidosryhmän jäseniin ja heidän kannustimiin. Mobiilin vertaisverkon sisällönjakelun epävarmuutta rajataan käyttämällä skenaarioanalyysiä ja mallinnetaan systeemidynamiikalla. Olennaisimmat skenaariot rakennetaan Schoemakerin metodilla ja niiden mallinnusta yritetään systeemidynamiikan keinoin. Tuloksena saadaan neljä eri skenaariota, jotka on kehitetty brainstorming -tilaisuuksissa ja kirjallisuuskatsauksessa löydettyjen avaintrendien ja -epävarmuustekijöiden perusteella. Skenaarioiden kvantitatiivisen mallinnuksen sijaan mallinnetaan skenaarioihin perustuvan mobiilin vertaisverkon sisällönjakelujärjestelmän dynaamista käyttäytymistä. Vaikka joitakin mobiilia vertaisverkkoteknologiaa hyödyntäviä sovelluksia on jo kehitetty ja käytössä, sekä aihetta tutkittu laajasti, vieläkin on epävarmaa mikä teknologian vaikutus tulee olemaan. Tämä diplomityö esittää mahdollisia vaikutuksia teknologialle ja antaa lähtökohdan tulevalle mobiilien vertaisverkon sisällönjakelujärjestelmien kvantitatiiviselle mallinnukselle. Systeemidynamiikka on toteuttamiskelpoinen vaihtoehto tavallisemmille mallinnustekniikoille, kuten taulukkolaskentamallinnukselle, jonka etuna on järjestelmän takaisinkytkentäsilmukkojen mallintaminen. Kun mobiili vertaisverkkoteknologia kehittyy, enemmän dataa tulee saataville ja vaihtoehtoisten systeemidynamiikkamallien rakentaminen on suositeltavaa.The success of peer-to-peer technology in the fixed networks has led to peer-to-peer implementations in the mobile networks as well. There is, however, a lot of uncertainty regarding the future of mobile peer-to-peer technology as the operators and other stakeholders that were affected negatively by illegal peer-to-peer file sharing in the fixed networks are afraid that it might happen in the mobile domain as well. Thus they might try to prevent mobile peer-to-peer technology from emerging. There is also the question whether there really is a need for peer-to-peer technology in the mobile domain from the end users' perspective, especially as the mobile device capabilities are considerably lower compared to the fixed ones. This thesis concentrates on mobile peer-to-peer content distribution. Content distribution is divided to file exchange, content streaming and commercial content systems. The thesis provides insight to the most relevant scenarios, stakeholders and their incentives related to mobile peer-to-peer content distribution. The uncertainty regarding mobile peer-to-peer content distribution will be bounded using scenario analysis and modeled using system dynamics. The most relevant scenarios regarding mobile peer-to-peer content distribution are constructed using Schoemaker's method and modeling of these scenarios is attempted with system dynamics. As a result four different scenarios are developed based on the key trends and uncertainties discovered during the literature review and brainstorming sessions. Instead of modeling the scenarios quantitatively, the dynamic behavior of a mobile peer-to-peer content distribution system based on the scenarios is modeled with system dynamics. Although there are some mobile peer-to-peer content distribution applications already developed and used, and the topic is considerably researched, it is still uncertain what the outcome of the technology will be. This thesis presents possible outcomes for the technology and provides a starting point for further quantitative modeling of mobile peer-to-peer content distribution systems. System dynamics provides a viable alternative to more common modeling techniques such as spreadsheet modeling, with a distinctive benefit of modeling the feedback loops in a system when used proficiently. As the mobile peer-to-peer technology evolves, more data becomes available and the construction of alternative system dynamics models is encouraged

Desarrollo de una propuesta de arquitectura para el soporte de servicios heterogéneos en entornos hospitalarios

Actualmente muchos hospitales y otras instituciones de salud están utilizando sistemas de comunicación para optimizar recursos y agregar una nueva generación de servicios a los pacientes. Sin embargo algunos servicios y recursos tecnológicos están limitados a la flexibilidad, disponibilidad y compatibilidad de la infraestructura de comunicación, ya sea por utilización de sistemas cerrados o a las características fijas de una red hospitalaria. Este trabajo de Fin de Master propone el desarrollo de una Arquitectura para el Soporte de Servicios Heterogéneos en Entornos hospitalarios la cual está basada en nuevas tecnologías de Internet, y está enfocada en mejorar la manera en que los servicios son ofrecidos, a la vez que se mantiene la interoperabilidad con estándares médicos de comunicación. Aspectos como la movilidad en casos de emergencias y la interacción con equipo médico son tomados en cuenta con el fin de soportar un futuro despliegue de una plataforma de servicios. En este documento se propone una Arquitectura de Comunicación enfocada en entornos Médicos que pueda soportar múltiples tecnologías en distintos niveles, tanto de software como de hardware. Además de ello se plantea la adhesión de nuevas tecnologías, que puedan aprovechar al máximo una colaboración entre la red troncal hospitalaria y los distintos nodos y sensores desplegados. Es importante resaltar que para poder soportar una colaboración entre servicios y red, deben existir distintos módulos y middlewares que permitan una abstracción de ciertas capas. En este trabajo se plantea por lo tanto una arquitectura de nodos y servidores genéricos que puedan extender servicios ya existentes, así como también estándares y protocolos como SIP, HL7 y RFID. Otro de los aspectos que se definen es la inclusión de una plataforma genérica de servicios que permita la inclusión de funcionalidades de manera rápida, flexible, y segura. Para un primer desarrollo se ha elegido el framework OSGi, sobre el cual se implementarán todos los servicios, por su enfoque nativo orientado a la modularidad. Se planteará el uso de tecnologías P4P y P2PSIP en entornos hospitalarios, a la vez que propondrá funcionalidades que puedan dar paso a la inclusión de otro tipo de nuevas tecnologías y desarrollo

Flexible cross layer optimization for fixed and mobile broadband telecommunication networks and beyond

In der heutigen Zeit, in der das Internet im Allgemeinen und Telekommunikationsnetze im Speziellen kritische Infrastrukturen erreicht haben, entstehen hohe Anforderungen und neue Herausforderungen an den Datentransport in Hinsicht auf Effizienz und Flexibilität. Heutige Telekommunikationsnetze sind jedoch rigide und statisch konzipiert, was nur ein geringes Maß an Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit der Netze ermöglicht und darüber hinaus nur im begrenzten Maße die Wichtigkeit von Datenflüssen im wiederspiegelt. Diverse Lösungsansätze zum kompletten Neuentwurf als auch zum evolutionären Konzept des Internet wurden ausgearbeitet und spezifiziert, um diese neuartigen Anforderungen und Herausforderungen adäquat zu adressieren. Einer dieser Ansätze ist das Cross Layer Optimierungs-Paradigma, welches eine bisher nicht mögliche direkte Kommunikation zwischen verteilten Funktionalitäten unterschiedlichen Typs ermöglicht, um ein höheres Maß an Dienstgüte zu erlangen. Ein wesentlicher Indikator, welcher die Relevanz dieses Ansatzes unterstreicht, zeichnet sich durch die Programmierbarkeit von Netzwerkfunktionalitäten aus, welche sich aus der Evolution von heutigen hin zu zukünftigen Netzen erkennen lässt. Dieses Konzept wird als ein vielversprechender Lösungsansatz für Kontrollmechanismen von Diensten in zukünftigen Kernnetzwerken erachtet. Dennoch existiert zur Zeit der Entstehung dieser Doktorarbeit kein Ansatz zur Cross Layer Optimierung in Festnetz-und Mobilfunknetze, welcher der geforderten Effizienz und Flexibilität gerecht wird. Die übergeordnete Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit adressiert die Konzeptionierung, Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Cross Layer Optimierungsansatzes für Telekommunikationsnetze. Einen wesentlichen Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit stellt die Definition einer theoretischen Konzeptionierung und deren praktischer Realisierung eines Systems zur Cross Layer Optimierung für Telekommunikationsnetze dar. Die durch diese Doktorarbeit analysierten wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen betreffen u.a. die Anwendbarkeit von Cross Layer Optimierungsansätzen auf Telekommunikationsnetzwerke; die Betrachtung neuartiger Anforderungen; existierende Konzepte, Ansätze und Lösungen; die Abdeckung neuer Funktionalitäten durch bereits existierende Lösungen; und letztendlich den erkennbaren Mehrwert des neu vorgeschlagenen Konzepts gegenüber den bestehenden Lösungen. Die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge dieser Doktorarbeit lassen sich grob durch vier Säulen skizzieren: Erstens werden der Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik analysiert und bewertet, Anforderungen erhoben und eine Lückenanalyse vorgenommen. Zweitens werden Herausforderungen, Möglichkeiten, Limitierungen und Konzeptionierungsaspekte eines Modells zur Cross Layer Optimierung analysiert und evaluiert. Drittens wird ein konzeptionelles Modell - Generic Adaptive Resource Control (GARC) - spezifiziert, als Prototyp realisiert und ausgiebig validiert. Viertens werden theoretische und praktische Beiträge dieser Doktorarbeit vertiefend analysiert und bewertet.As the telecommunication world moves towards a data-only network environment, signaling, voice and other data are similarly transported as Internet Protocol packets. New requirements, challenges and opportunities are bound to this transition and influence telecommunication architectures accordingly. In this time in which the Internet in general, and telecommunication networks in particular, have entered critical infrastructures and systems, it is of high importance to guarantee efficient and flexible data transport. A certain level of Quality-of-Service (QoS) for critical services is crucial even during overload situations in the access and core network, as these two are the bottlenecks in the network. However, the current telecommunication architecture is rigid and static, which offers very limited flexibility and adaptability. Several concepts on clean slate as well as evolutionary approaches have been proposed and defined in order to cope with these new challenges and requirements. One of these approaches is the Cross Layer Optimization paradigm. This concept omits the strict separation and isolation of the Application-, Control- and Network-Layers as it enables interaction and fosters Cross Layer Optimization among them. One indicator underlying this trend is the programmability of network functions, which emerges clearly during the telecommunication network evolution towards the Future Internet. The concept is regarded as one solution for service control in future mobile core networks. However, no standardized approach for Cross Layer signaling nor optimizations in between the individual layers have been standardized at the time this thesis was written. The main objective of this thesis is the design, implementation and evaluation of a Cross Layer Optimization concept on telecommunication networks. A major emphasis is given to the definition of a theoretical model and its practical realization through the implementation of a Cross Layer network resource optimization system for telecommunication systems. The key questions answered through this thesis are: in which way can the Cross Layer Optimization paradigm be applied on telecommunication networks; which new requirements arise; which of the required functionalities cannot be covered through existing solutions, what other conceptual approaches already exist and finally whether such a new concept is viable. The work presented in this thesis and its contributions can be summarized in four parts: First, a review of related work, a requirement analysis and a gap analysis were performed. Second, challenges, limitations, opportunities and design aspects for specifying an optimization model between application and network layer were formulated. Third, a conceptual model - Generic Adaptive Resource Control (GARC) - was specified and its prototypical implementation was realized. Fourth, the theoretical and practical thesis contributions was validated and evaluated

Mécanismes de collaboration entre réseaux et services applicatifs pour l'optimisation des ressources et des services

Dans cette nouvelle ère du numérique, l'accès à l'information est entré désormais dans une autre dimension. Nous assistons à la dominance d'un modèle fondé sur les opportunités offertes par un accès mondialisé à l'Internet et à son application phare : le "World Wide Web". Les services se sont multipliés. Les terminaux se sont diversifiés. Les technologies de transport se sont améliorées. Les attentes se sont élevées. Dans cette spirale que nous nous abstenons de qualifier, les opérateurs se trouvent désormais confrontés à une croissance soutenue du trafic dans leurs réseaux, en grande partie due au transport de flux vidéo. Les fournisseurs de services sur Internet se trouvent aussi concernés par la problématique de la qualité de service dont dépend la satisfaction de leurs utilisateurs. Pour l'ensemble des acteurs, ces nouvelles tendances présentent à la fois des défis et des opportunités. Les défis se concentrent dans la problématique de gestion de la demande croissante du trafic tout en maintenant une qualité d'expérience appropriée pour les utilisateurs. Les opportunités proviendront de l'adéquation entre une demande croissante des services Web en termes de qualité de services et des ressources qui devront supporter la distribution de ces services. Il est crucial pour chaque acteur de bien se positionner dans la chaîne de valeur pour gérer cette adéquation. Le rôle que prendra le réseau support, simple ensemble de tuyaux surdimensionnés, ou bien réseau intelligent offrant des fonctions avancées de contrôle illustre parfaitement cet enjeu. Ces deux alternatives sont respectivement connues sous les termes "dumb-pipe" ou "smart network". Dans cette thèse, nous considérons une nouvelle approche, qui se veut simple, efficace et adaptée pour faire face à ces défis. Les opérateurs réseaux et les fournisseurs de services sont mutuellement gagnants dans l'amélioration du transport de données dans les réseaux tout en continuant à opérer leur propre infrastructure. Cette démarche coopérative est le point de départ de nos travaux qui visent à définir un cadre, une architecture et des techniques appropriées qui amèneront ces acteurs à collaborer en vue de gérer conjointement cette problématique. Cette collaboration est nécessaire car chaque acteur quoique prisonnier de ses contraintes peut les transformer en relations contractuelles dans un processus client fournisseur pour l'optimisation de la gestion du trafic.In this new digital world, driven by the dominance of a model based on the opportunities offered by global access to the Internet and its killer app: the World Wide Web, access to information is becoming a matter of a good experience and responsiveness. We are witnessing the Web services are of increasing popularity. New types of terminals are proposed. Communications technologies are improved. Users expectations are becoming higher. In such a context, network operators are facing serious challenges arising from the management of a massive traffic growth, largely driven by the increasing amount of video streams while internet services providers are also concerned by the issue of providing an adequate quality of experience to their end-users. For both actors, these dual trends present both challenges and opportunities. The challenges arise from the issues of managing the growing demand for traffic while maintaining appropriate quality of experience for users. Opportunities come from a smart management of the increasing demands of Web services in terms of quality of services and of the resources that will support the delivery of these services. It is then crucial for each actor to be well-positioned in the value chain to take part in this process. The role that will be played by the networks, as a basic set of oversized pipes, or as an intelligent network providing advanced management facilities, perfectly illustrates this issue. These two alternatives are respectively known as the "dumb-pipe" or "smart networks". In this thesis, we consider a new approach, which is simple, effective and adapted to meet these challenges. Network operators and service providers can mutually benefit from improving the data delivery in the networks while continuing to fully control their infrastructures. This collaborative approach is the starting bloc of our work aiming at defining a framework, an architecture and appropriate procedures to bring these actors to work together to manage this problem. This collaboration is particularly necessary because each actor, though prisoner of its constraints and capacities, can turn them into a contractual relation with the other in a client-supplier process for the optimization of traffic management.RENNES1-Bibl. électronique (352382106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Architectures for the Future Networks and the Next Generation Internet: A Survey

Networking research funding agencies in the USA, Europe, Japan, and other countries are encouraging research on revolutionary networking architectures that may or may not be bound by the restrictions of the current TCP/IP based Internet. We present a comprehensive survey of such research projects and activities. The topics covered include various testbeds for experimentations for new architectures, new security mechanisms, content delivery mechanisms, management and control frameworks, service architectures, and routing mechanisms. Delay/Disruption tolerant networks, which allow communications even when complete end-to-end path is not available, are also discussed

Les opérateurs sauront-ils survivre dans un monde en constante évolution? Considérations techniques conduisant à des scénarios de rupture

Le secteur des télécommunications passe par une phase délicate en raison de profondes mutations technologiques, principalement motivées par le développement de l'Internet. Elles ont un impact majeur sur l'industrie des télécommunications dans son ensemble et, par conséquent, sur les futurs déploiements des nouveaux réseaux, plateformes et services. L'évolution de l'Internet a un impact particulièrement fort sur les opérateurs des télécommunications (Telcos). En fait, l'industrie des télécommunications est à la veille de changements majeurs en raison de nombreux facteurs, comme par exemple la banalisation progressive de la connectivité, la domination dans le domaine des services de sociétés du web (Webcos), l'importance croissante de solutions à base de logiciels et la flexibilité qu'elles introduisent (par rapport au système statique des opérateurs télécoms). Cette thèse élabore, propose et compare les scénarios possibles basés sur des solutions et des approches qui sont technologiquement viables. Les scénarios identifiés couvrent un large éventail de possibilités: 1) Telco traditionnel; 2) Telco transporteur de Bits; 3) Telco facilitateur de Plateforme; 4) Telco fournisseur de services; 5) Disparition des Telco. Pour chaque scénario, une plateforme viable (selon le point de vue des opérateurs télécoms) est décrite avec ses avantages potentiels et le portefeuille de services qui pourraient être fournisThe telecommunications industry is going through a difficult phase because of profound technological changes, mainly originated by the development of the Internet. They have a major impact on the telecommunications industry as a whole and, consequently, the future deployment of new networks, platforms and services. The evolution of the Internet has a particularly strong impact on telecommunications operators (Telcos). In fact, the telecommunications industry is on the verge of major changes due to many factors, such as the gradual commoditization of connectivity, the dominance of web services companies (Webcos), the growing importance of software based solutions that introduce flexibility (compared to static system of telecom operators). This thesis develops, proposes and compares plausible future scenarios based on future solutions and approaches that will be technologically feasible and viable. Identified scenarios cover a wide range of possibilities: 1) Traditional Telco; 2) Telco as Bit Carrier; 3) Telco as Platform Provider; 4) Telco as Service Provider; 5) Telco Disappearance. For each scenario, a viable platform (from the point of view of telecom operators) is described highlighting the enabled service portfolio and its potential benefitsEVRY-INT (912282302) / SudocSudocFranceF

HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH IN GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME: WITH CASE STUDIES ON THE US-KOREA FTA AND THE EUKOREA FTA

PhDFrom its emergence to its expansion, intellectual property (IP) has not been isolated from trade. However, in the late 1970s, business interests in the United States (US) exerted powerful pressure, leading to IP norms becoming increasingly trade-centric. Hypothesis of this thesis is that such trade-centric IP norms, encouraged and formed by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and subsequent TRIPS-plus rules pursued by the two most active actors, the US and the European Union (EU), fail to achieve the intended purposes of IP protection. This normalization of tradecentric regulation also creates conflict with a range of economic, social and cultural values that have significant human rights implications. The goal of this thesis is to: (a) critically examine this predominance of trade in contemporary IP norms; and (b) provide a counter framework for IP policy reform. It seeks to do this by juxtaposing the theoretical and empirical aspects of IP norms against human rights. This study will pursue to prove the hypothesis by conducting case studies on two free trade agreements (FTAs) enacted by South Korea with the US and the EU. The thesis concludes that, on the whole, the context of human rights provides a just counter framework that can unify the diverse range of issues. This is more so given that human rights are strengthened by international consensual norms institutionalised by intergovernmental organisations and supported by transnational advocacy networks. Nevertheless, this thesis advocates that an overemphasis on state and individuals in the human rights discourse needs to be challenged by taking into account the dominance of global economic regulations, the prevailing role of non-state actors, and the culturally relative nature of IP.Herchel Smith Foundation and the Selection Committe