A policy language definition for provenance in pervasive computing

Recent advances in computing technology have led to the paradigm of pervasive computing, which provides a means of simplifying daily life by integrating information processing into the everyday physical world. Pervasive computing draws its power from knowing the surroundings and creates an environment which combines computing and communication capabilities. Sensors that provide high-resolution spatial and instant measurement are most commonly used for forecasting, monitoring and real-time environmental modelling. Sensor data generated by a sensor network depends on several influences, such as the configuration and location of the sensors or the processing performed on the raw measurements. Storing sufficient metadata that gives meaning to the recorded observation is important in order to draw accurate conclusions or to enhance the reliability of the result dataset that uses this automatically collected data. This kind of metadata is called provenance data, as the origin of the data and the process by which it arrived from its origin are recorded. Provenance is still an exploratory field in pervasive computing and many open research questions are yet to emerge. The context information and the different characteristics of the pervasive environment call for different approaches to a provenance support system. This work implements a policy language definition that specifies the collecting model for provenance management systems and addresses the challenges that arise with stream data and sensor environments. The structure graph of the proposed model is mapped to the Open Provenance Model in order to facilitating the sharing of provenance data and interoperability with other systems. As provenance security has been recognized as one of the most important components in any provenance system, an access control language has been developed that is tailored to support the special requirements of provenance: fine-grained polices, privacy policies and preferences. Experimental evaluation findings show a reasonable overhead for provenance collecting and a reasonable time for provenance query performance, while a numerical analysis was used to evaluate the storage overhead

FUZZY BASED SECURITY ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS PARADIGM

Published ThesisThe world is embracing the idea of Internet of Things and Industrial Revolution 4.0. However, this acceptance of computerised evolution is met with a myriad of challenges, where consumers of this technology are also growing ever so anxious about the security of their personal data as well as reliability of data collected by the millions and even billions of sensors surrounding them. Wireless sensor networks are the main baseline technology driving Internet of things; by their very inherent nature, these networks are too vulnerable to attacks and yet the network security tools designed for conventional computer networks are not effective in countering these attacks. Wireless sensors have low computational resources, may be highly mobile and in most cases, these networks do not have a central point which can be marked as an authentication point for the sensors, any node can join or leave whenever they want. This leaves the sensors and the internet of things applications depending on them highly susceptible to attacks, which may compromise consumer information and leave security breaches in situation that need absolute security such as homes or even the cars they drive. There are many possibilities of things that could go wrong when hackers gain control of sensors in a car or a house. There have been many solutions offered to address security of Wireless Sensor Networks; however, most of those solutions are often not customised for African context. Given that most African countries have not kept pace with the development of these underlying technologies, blanket adoption of the solutions developed for consumption in the developed world has not yielded optimal results. The focus of this research was the development of an Intrusion Detection System that works in a hierarchical network structured Wireless Sensor Network, where cluster heads oversee groups of nodes and relay their data packets all the way to the sink node. This is a reactive Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that makes use of a fuzzy logic based algorithm for verification of intrusion detections. This system borrows characteristics of traditional Wireless Sensor Networks in that it is hosted external to the nodes; that is, on a computer or server connected to the sink node. The rational for this is the premise that developing the system in this manner optimises the power and processing resource of nodes because no part of the IDS is found in the nodes and they are left to focus purely on sensing. The Intrusion Detection System makes use of remote Over The Air programming to communicate with compromised nodes, to either shut down or reboot and is designed with the ZigBee protocol in mind. Additionally, this Intrusion Detection System is intended to being part of a larger Internet of Things integration framework being proposed at the Central University of Technology. This framework is aimed at developing an Internet of Things adoption strategy customised for African needs and regionally local consumers. To evaluate the effectiveness of the solution, the rate of false detections being picked out by the security algorithm were reduced through the use of fuzzy logic systems; this resulted in an accuracies of above 90 %. The algorithm is also very light when asymptotic notation is applied, making it ideal for Wireless Sensors. Lastly, we also put forward the Xbee version of the Triple Modular Redundancy architecture, customised for Wireless sensor networks in order to beef-up on the security solution presented in this dissertation

Studies on Sensor Networks with Fiber Optics for Agricultural Environment Monitoring

創価大

Digital help service opportunities for communication service providers in the convergent digital home

Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, February 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).Homes are becoming increasingly connected as new technologies allow users to access media and information from any-device at anytime. Notebooks, HDTVs, smartphones, media servers, photo cameras, and video cameras, all form part of this new digital ecosystem where - the vision says - information and content will flow easily across devices, enabled by simple and intuitive user interfaces. These new home technologies are, however, often too complex for most users. Only "digital-natives" or technology savvy groups have the necessary skills, knowledge or confidence to adopt them and to use them effectively. For the rest, trying them becomes painful and frustrating. Moreover, the ecosystem itself adds confusion, given the large number of players involved and the many different kinds of relationships. Unless a dominant player gains enough power to establish a dominant digital home architecture, or this happens in some other way, most companies will continue to innovate around device-specific features that don't address the overall complexity of the complete systems that users have to work with. Digital help services can assist users by simplifying the selection, installation, learning and troubleshooting of new services and devices; facilitating the adoption of new convergent technologies. There is a broad range of potential services, including, for example, 'over the top' (OTT) television integration, smartphone mentoring services, WiFi network configuration and desktop support services. Communication service providers should pay close attention to digital help services as an opportunity to differentiate their offer, strengthen their relationship with end-customers, reduce customer support costs and simplify the adoption of bandwidth-intensive technologies. Moreover, digital help services can speed up the adoption of OTT television services, and companies can use them strategically. The technology help space is evolving and communication service providers need to figure out how they want to participate: offer help services themselves; partner or acquire a existing technology support company; and/or create an open marketplace for technology help services.by Juan Spiniak.S.M.in Engineering and Managemen

Distribution Network Expansion Analysis Using Branching Optical Distribution Point (ODP) and Fiber Optic Attenuation (FO) Methods

Background : Data access using copper is considered slower than Fiber Optic access networks, which encourages many customers who switch to Fiber Optic. Objective : This study aims to analyze the installation of Fiber Optic networks using Optic System Software in new areas and analyze attenuation in Fiber Optic networks using Link power budget. Method : The method used in this study is PPDIOO : Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize. Results : The Optical Power Meter  (OPM) simulation on the new ODP using Opti System produces a value of receiving power (Pr)  -19.48 dBm (as a sample) and for the calculation results using the Power Link Budget (PLB) the total value of receiving Power (Pr)  -20.40 dBm while Measurement results using Optical Power Meter  (OPM) (Pr)  -19.89 dBm (as a sample). Conclusion : The results of measurements and measurements have similarities, namely if the distance between the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) and Optical Distribution Point (ODP)  is greater, the greater the value of the receiving power or attenuation.Background : Data access using copper is considered slower than Fiber Optic access networks, which encourages many customers who switch to Fiber Optic. Objective : This study aims to analyze the installation of Fiber Optic networks using Optic System Software in new areas and analyze attenuation in Fiber Optic networks using Link power budget. Method : The method used in this study is PPDIOO : Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize. Results : The Optical Power Meter  (OPM) simulation on the new ODP using Opti System produces a value of receiving power (Pr)  -19.48 dBm (as a sample) and for the calculation results using the Power Link Budget (PLB) the total value of receiving Power (Pr)  -20.40 dBm while Measurement results using Optical Power Meter  (OPM) (Pr)  -19.89 dBm (as a sample). Conclusion : The results of measurements and measurements have similarities, namely if the distance between the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) and Optical Distribution Point (ODP)  is greater, the greater the value of the receiving power or attenuation

A multi-channel opto-electronic sensor to accurately monitor heart rate against motion artefact during exercise

This study presents the use of a multi-channel opto-electronic sensor (OEPS) to effectively monitor critical physiological parameters whilst preventing motion artefact as increasingly demanded by personal healthcare. The aim of this work was to study how to capture the heart rate (HR) efficiently through a well-constructed OEPS and a 3-axis accelerometer with wireless communication. A protocol was designed to incorporate sitting, standing, walking, running and cycling. The datasets collected from these activities were processed to elaborate sport physiological effects. t-test, Bland-Altman Agreement (BAA), and correlation to evaluate the performance of the OEPS were used against Polar and Mio-Alpha HR monitors. No differences in the HR were found between OEPS, and either Polar or Mio-Alpha (both p > 0.05); a strong correlation was found between Polar and OEPS (r: 0.96, p < 0.001); the bias of BAA 0.85 bpm, the standard deviation (SD) 9.20 bpm, and the limits of agreement (LOA) from −17.18 bpm to +18.88 bpm. For the Mio-Alpha and OEPS, a strong correlation was found (r: 0.96, p < 0.001); the bias of BAA 1.63 bpm, SD 8.62 bpm, LOA from −15.27 bpm to +18.58 bpm. These results demonstrate the OEPS to be capable of carrying out real time and remote monitoring of heart rate

Three Branch Diversity Systems for Multi-Hop IoT Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technological paradigm connecting numerous smart objects for advanced applications ranging from home automation to industrial control to healthcare. The rapid development of wireless technologies and miniature embedded devices has enabled IoT systems for such applications, which have been deployed in a variety of environments. One of the factors limiting the performance of IoT devices is the multipath fading caused by reflectors and attenuators present in the environment where these devices are deployed. Leveraging polarization diversity is a well-known technique to mitigate the deep signal fades and depolarization effects caused by multipath. However, neither experimental validation of the performance of polarization diversity antenna with more than two branches nor the potency of existing antenna selection techniques on such antennas in practical scenarios has received much attention. The objectives of this dissertation are threefold. First, to demonstrate the efficacy of a tripolar antenna, which is specifically designed for IoT devices, in harsh environments through simulations and experimental data. Second, to develop antenna selection strategies to utilize polarized signals received at the antenna, considering the restrictions imposed due to resource limitations of the IoT devices. Finally, to conduct comparative analyses on the existing standard diversity techniques and proposed approaches, in conjunction with experimental data. Accordingly, this dissertation presents the testing results of tripolar antenna integrated with Arduino based IoT devices deployed in environments likely to be experienced by IoT devices in real life applications. Both simulation and experimental results from single point-to-point wireless links demonstrate the advantage of utilizing tripolar antennas in harsh propagation conditions over single branch antenna. Motivated by these empirical results, we deploy a small-scale IoT network with tripolar antenna based nodes to analyze the impact of tripolar antenna on neighbor nodes performance as well as to investigate end-to-end network performance. This work illustrates that the selection of antenna branches, while considering network architecture and the level of congestion on the repeater nodes, minimizes excessive antenna switching and energy consumption. Similar results are shown for IoT networks with predetermined and dynamic routing protocols, where the proposed techniques yielded lower energy consumption than the conventional diversity schemes. Furthermore, a probabilistic, low complexity antenna selection approach based on Hidden Markov model is proposed and implemented on wireless sensor nodes aiming to reduce energy consumption and improve diversity gain. Finally, we develop a dual-hop based technique where a node selects the antenna element for optimal performance based on its immediate network neighbors antenna configuration status during selection. The performance of the proposed technique, which is verified through simulation and measured data, illustrates the importance of considering network-wide evaluations of antenna selection techniques

Cross-Layer Energy Optimization for IoT Environments: Technical Advances and Opportunities

[EN] Energy efficiency is a significant characteristic of battery-run devices such as sensors, RFID and mobile phones. In the present scenario, this is the most prominent requirement that must be served while introducing a communication protocol for an IoT environment. IoT network success and performance enhancement depend heavily on optimization of energy consumption that enhance the lifetime of IoT nodes and the network. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review on energy efficiency techniques used in IoT environments. The techniques proposed by researchers have been categorized based on five different layers of the energy architecture of IoT. These five layers are named as sensing, local processing and storage, network/communication, cloud processing and storage, and application. Specifically, the significance of energy efficiency in IoT environments is highlighted. A taxonomy is presented for the classification of related literature on energy efficient techniques in IoT environments. Following the taxonomy, a critical review of literature is performed focusing on major functional models, strengths and weaknesses. Open research challenges related to energy efficiency in IoT are identified as future research directions in the area. The survey should benefit IoT industry practitioners and researchers, in terms of augmenting the understanding of energy efficiency and its IoT-related trends and issues.Kumar, K.; Kumar, S.; Kaiwartya, O.; Cao, Y.; Lloret, J.; Aslam, N. (2017). Cross-Layer Energy Optimization for IoT Environments: Technical Advances and Opportunities. Energies. 10(12):1-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122073S1401012Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of Things for Smart Cities. 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TELEWORK WITHIN DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY SHORE COMMANDS: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIC LITERATURE

The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a forcing function, requiring industry—both civilian and military—to quickly adapt to maximizing telework. In this thesis, I look at the academic literature as well as military reports to analyze how the Navy could adjust its telework policy to maximize its benefits. I find that telework shows overall increased productivity and quality of life for employees, and that the risks associated with shifting traditionally on-site work to remote work are outweighed by the benefits. It is clear that telework will remain a staple in both the civilian and federal workforces. The Navy must adapt its policies to ensure it is competitive in recruiting and retaining younger generations entering the workforce.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited