Policies with Respect to Foreign Investors in the New Member States of the European Union and in the Developing Countries of Asia: A Comparative Aspects

The purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of policies aimed at foreign investors in the new member states of the European Union as well as in the developing countries of Asia. The policies demonstrate certain similarities in spite of the fact that the analyzed world economic regions are subject to different conditions. A common feature is the opening up of economies to foreign investors, coupled with the application of certain incentives intended to increase the attractiveness of the country to foreign investors. Countries strive to modernize their economies with the help of foreign capital. The developing countries of Asia, in contrast to the new member states of the European Union, are not restricted in their policies with respect to foreign investors by the requirements of regional economic integration

Product Market Regulation and Competition in China

The extent of competition in product markets is an important determinant of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. This paper uses the 2008 vintage of the OECD indicators of product market regulation to assess the extent to which China’s regulatory environment is supportive of competition in markets for goods and services. The results indicate that, although competition is increasingly robust across most markets, the overall level of product market regulation is still restrictive in international comparison. These impediments to competition are likely to constrain economic growth as the Chinese economy continues to develop and becomes more sophisticated. The paper goes on to review various aspects of China’s regulatory framework and suggests a number of policy initiatives that would improve the extent to which competitive market forces are able to operate. Breaking the traditional links between state-owned enterprises and government agencies is an ongoing challenge. Reducing administrative burdens, increasing private sector involvement in network sectors and lowering barriers to foreign direct investment in services would also increase competition and enhance productivity growth going forward. Some of the reforms introduced by the Chinese government over the past two years go in this direction and should therefore help foster growth.

Strategy Tripod Perspective on the Determinants of Airline Efficiency in A Global Context: An Application of DEA and Tobit Analysis

The airline industry is vital to contemporary civilization since it is a key player in the globalization process: linking regions, fostering global commerce, promoting tourism and aiding economic and social progress. However, there has been little study on the link between the operational environment and airline efficiency. Investigating the amalgamation of institutions, organisations and strategic decisions is critical to understanding how airlines operate efficiently. This research aims to employ the strategy tripod perspective to investigate the efficiency of a global airline sample using a non-parametric linear programming method (data envelopment analysis [DEA]). Using a Tobit regression, the bootstrapped DEA efficiency change scores are further regressed to determine the drivers of efficiency. The strategy tripod is employed to assess the impact of institutions, industry and resources on airline efficiency. Institutions are measured by global indices of destination attractiveness; industry, including competition, jet fuel and business model; and finally, resources, such as the number of full-time employees, alliances, ownership and connectivity. The first part of the study uses panel data from 35 major airlines, collected from their annual reports for the period 2011 to 2018, and country attractiveness indices from global indicators. The second part of the research involves a qualitative data collection approach and semi-structured interviews with experts in the field to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the first part’s significant findings. The main findings reveal that airlines operate at a highly competitive level regardless of their competition intensity or origin. Furthermore, the unpredictability of the environment complicates airline operations. The efficiency drivers of an airline are partially determined by its type of business model, its degree of cooperation and how fuel cost is managed. Trade openness has a negative influence on airline efficiency. COVID-19 has toppled the airline industry, forcing airlines to reconsider their business model and continuously increase cooperation. Human resources, sustainability and alternative fuel sources are critical to airline survival. Finally, this study provides some evidence for the practicality of the strategy tripod and hints at the need for a broader approach in the study of international strategies

The political economy of Hong Kong's "open skies" legal regime: an empirical and theoretical exploration

Copyright 2009 San Diego International Law Journal. Reprinted with the permission of the San Diego International Law Journal.The article presents an empirical and theoretical research which describes the functions of the international legal regime through powerful economic forces in Hong Kong, China. The government applied aviation policies with respect to open skies platform to provide a basis for a thorough understanding of government's legitimacy based on neoclassical logic and analysis. Conceptual perspectives of realists, liberals and cognitivists were acknowledged by the economically-inspired nationalists

A Framework for Firm-Level Critical Material Supply Management and Mitigation

Organizations of all sizes are vulnerable to critical material supply disruptions. Although there is a significant body of literature that examines how large entities such as nations and governments can assess and mitigate criticality, there is very little work that addresses firm-level criticality in a way that is actionable for businesses. This work uses literature review and case study analysis to understand the impact of critical material supply risk at the firm level, and to determine salient internal indicators. A total of 42 criticality studies were reviewed and the findings were used to develop a framework to assess and monitor criticality risk using internal firm-specific data. The framework incorporates three categories of risk including product concept viability, production, and profitability. It also contains four key business functions including finance, procurement, marketing, and production. These aspects were chosen because they are relevant to all businesses that produce and sell manufactured goods, and because they represent dynamics that are within the control of an individual firm. Unlike the global and national level indicators emphasized in most current research, the indicators proposed in this research are derived from data such that firms can compile it with reasonable ease. Finally, this work considers the role of the organization in criticality risk assessment and mitigation through an examination of the data needed to complete the aforementioned framework and the likely sources of that information. The findings of this analysis elucidate the gap between internal and external and micro and macro criticality assessment, as well as provide a framework for firm-level criticality mitigation

Evaluating Profitability Based on Integrated Method: A Case Study of Chinese Listed Airlines and Airports

Due to the fact that the development of Chinese aviation industry has slowed down since the world financial crisis in 2008, how to evaluate the airline profitability improvements has become a key issue. Many mathematical methods can be applied in comprehensive evaluations, but the different focal points of these methods and the choice of methods may lead to different evaluation results, even if they are based on the same data. Both the theory and methods to evaluate the profitability of the airlines need to be developed and improved. Therefore, in order to evaluate airlinemanagement and performance, this paper presents a new approach to evaluate the Chinese aviation industry and applies towards the evaluation of 12 listed airlines and airports in the Chinese Hushen stock market. This approach overcomes the one-sidedness of a single method and obtains more comprehensive, realistic and objective results

Finanční analýza vybrané společnosti

Financial analysis is the process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets and other finance-related entities to determine their performance and suitability. Typically, financial analysis is used to analyze whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment. When looking at a specific company, a financial analyst conducts analysis by focusing on the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze Sinopec Group. It would be analyzed through three methods:common size analysis, financial ratio analysis and DuPont analysis. Sinopec Group is a large petroleum and petrochemical enterprise group established by the state in July 1998 and is a wholly state-owned company. Companies registered capital is 231.6 billion yuan, the head office established in Beijing. The company's main business areas include: industrial investment and investment management; oil and natural gas exploration, mining, storage and transportation (including pipeline transportation), sales and utilization; coal production, sales, storage and transportation; oil refining; refined oil storage, Transportation, wholesale and retail etc. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is introduction of the thesis. In chapter 2, financial analysis methodologies，such as financial statements, common-size analysis, financial ratio analysis and DuPont analysis are introduced. Chapter 3 is description of Sinopec Group It includes: The development of Sinopec Group, Corporate Culture of Sinopec Group, Industries, Company Size In chapter 4, We use these analytical methods to analyze its actual situation. In chapter5, Sinopec Group’s company status was concluded.Financial analysis is the process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets and other finance-related entities to determine their performance and suitability. Typically, financial analysis is used to analyze whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment. When looking at a specific company, a financial analyst conducts analysis by focusing on the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze Sinopec Group. It would be analyzed through three methods:common size analysis, financial ratio analysis and DuPont analysis. Sinopec Group is a large petroleum and petrochemical enterprise group established by the state in July 1998 and is a wholly state-owned company. Companies registered capital is 231.6 billion yuan, the head office established in Beijing. The company's main business areas include: industrial investment and investment management; oil and natural gas exploration, mining, storage and transportation (including pipeline transportation), sales and utilization; coal production, sales, storage and transportation; oil refining; refined oil storage, Transportation, wholesale and retail etc. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is introduction of the thesis. In chapter 2, financial analysis methodologies，such as financial statements, common-size analysis, financial ratio analysis and DuPont analysis are introduced. Chapter 3 is description of Sinopec Group It includes: The development of Sinopec Group, Corporate Culture of Sinopec Group, Industries, Company Size In chapter 4, We use these analytical methods to analyze its actual situation. In chapter5, Sinopec Group’s company status was concluded.154 - Katedra financívelmi dobř