Geometrical Product Specification and Verification as toolbox to meet up-to-date technical requirements

The ISO standards for the Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) define an internationally uniform description language, that allows expressing unambiguously and completely all requirements for the geometry of a product with the corresponding requirements for the inspection process in technical drawings, taking into account current possibilities of measurement and testing technology. The practice shows that the university curricula of the mechanical engineering faculties often include only limited classes on the GPS, mostly as part of curriculum of subjects like Metrology or Fundamentals of Machine Design. This does not allow students to gain enough knowledge on the subject. Currently there is no coherent EU-wide provision for vocational training (VET) in this area. Consortium, members of which are the authors of this paper, is preparing a proposal of an EU project aiming to develop appropriate course

An industry 4.0 framework for the quality inspection in gearboxes production

Nowadays, the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been enhancing the factory digitalization with several advantages in terms of production efficiency, product quality, and cost reduction. This opportunity encourages the implementation of digital twins related to physical systems for controlling the production workflow in real time. Firstly, the paper studies the enabling technologies for supporting the defect analysis in the context of Industry 4.0 for mechanical workpieces. Secondly, the approach aims to study the integration between the CAD geometry and the quality check process for the inspection planning. A Knowledge-Based tool has been proposed to support the configurations of the quality control chain for each CAD geometry. The test case is focused on the fragmented production of customized gearbox parts

Three-dimensional metrology with the virtual fitting gauges

International audienceThe metrology implemented in several classical software equipping the coordinate measuring machines, does not correspond to the standardized tolerancing by zones, virtual conditions and perfect datum features fitted outside the matter. On the basis of these concepts and by generalizing them, a conceptual model of "fitting virtual gauges" is presented. On a part presenting two positional tolerances, the plans of inspection according to the traditional metrology and according to the metrology by fitting gauges, are compared from the point of view of their simplicity and their potential results. A fitting gauges based software is under development. It will make it possible "to save" a certain number of parts declared not conform by traditional threedimensional metrology

Digitization of industrial quality control procedures applied to visual and geometrical inspections

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáIndustries quality control procedures are usually dependent on gauge inspection tools, and these tools are used to inspect visual and geometrical tolerance conformity. Operators are guided during an inspection by using paper tutorials that assist them in performing their tasks and registering the result of the performed analysis. This traditional method of registering information may be misleading, lowering the effectiveness of the quality control by providing inaccurate and error-prone inspection results. This work implements a system that uses emergent technologies (e.g., Human-Machine Interfaces, Virtual Reality, Distributed Systems, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things (IoT)) to propose a costeffective solution that supports operators and quality control managers in the realization and data collection of gauge inspection control procedures. The final system was deployed in an industrial production plant, with the delivered results showing its efficiency, robustness, and highly positive feedback from the operators and managers. The software may offer a quicker and efficient execution of analysis tasks, significantly decreasing the setup time required to change the inspected product reference

Rubber Impact on 3D Textile Composites

A low velocity impact study of aircraft tire rubber on 3D textile-reinforced composite plates was performed experimentally and numerically. In contrast to regular unidirectional composite laminates, no delaminations occur in such a 3D textile composite. Yarn decohesions, matrix cracks and yarn ruptures have been identified as the major damage mechanisms under impact load. An increase in the number of 3D warp yarns is proposed to improve the impact damage resistance. The characteristic of a rubber impact is the high amount of elastic energy stored in the impactor during impact, which was more than 90% of the initial kinetic energy. This large geometrical deformation of the rubber during impact leads to a less localised loading of the target structure and poses great challenges for the numerical modelling. A hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law was used in Abaqus/Explicit based on a step-by-step validation with static rubber compression tests and low velocity impact tests on aluminium plates. Simulation models of the textile weave were developed on the meso- and macro-scale. The final correlation between impact simulation results on 3D textile-reinforced composite plates and impact test data was promising, highlighting the potential of such numerical simulation tools

Application of New Generation Geometrical Product Specifications—Position Tolerancing

The geometrical product specifications (GPSs) from new generation are composed of several standards issued by the ISO/TC 213. They are related to the way of denoting the requirements in the design engineering drawings, such as drawing indication, definition of tolerance and values of specifications, characteristic, parameters and definitions of actual features. They also include requirements relating to compare verification, measure instrument and calibrate size, distance, radius, angle, form and position of geometrical features, roughness profile, waviness profile, primary profile, surface imperfection and edges. A lot of new and mathematical terms, the size system, indications of dimensions other than linear sizes by using geometrical tolerances, uncertainty series, etc. are introduced in this chapter. The aim of this chapter is to explain the new requirements of new generation standards for geometrical product specifications related to positional deviation. The advantages and disadvantages of the possibility to indicate the accurate requirements for location of surfaces and axes are discussed

The use of virtual fixtures, jigs and gauges in dimensional variation analysis simulation models.

This paper describes the use and deployment of, virtual fixtures, jigs and gauges to locate, align and measure features in simulation models used in the dimensional variation analysis (DVA) of assembly systems. The particular example chosen in this paper is a McPherson strut suspension. The correct use of virtual fixtures, jigs and gauges can significantly improve the accuracy and realism of the simulation model and thus the DVA output. In kinematic assembly systems, the use of virtual fixture, jigs and gauges is often essential to produce a working simulation model

The dimensional variation analysis of complex mechanical systems

Dimensional variation analysis (DVA) is a computer based simulation process used to identify potential assembly process issues due the effects of component part and assembly variation during manufacture. The sponsoring company has over a number of years developed a DVA process to simulate the variation behaviour of a wide range of static mechanical systems. This project considers whether the current DVA process used by the sponsoring company is suitable for the simulation of complex kinematic systems. The project, which consists of three case studies, identifies several issues that became apparent with the current DVA process when applied to three types of complex kinematic systems. The project goes on to develop solutions to the issues raised in the case studies in the form of new or enhanced methods of information acquisition, simulation modelling and the interpretation and presentation of the simulation output Development of these methods has enabled the sponsoring company to expand the range of system types that can be successfully simulated and significantly enhances the information flow between the DVA process and the wider product development process

In Search of a Dialogue for Manufacturing Conformance: When Precise Geometry is Paradoxically Imprecise Design Intent

An article advocating in favour of introducing the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) framework to pre-fabrication, pre-assembly and installation sections of the construction industry where designers, makers and inspectors can have clear and unambiguous terms of reference and rules of interpretation with which to discuss and negotiate in a dialogue between functional requirements and design specifications that can be modelled, manufactured and measured for conformance