Flow-directed PCA for monitoring networks

Measurements recorded over monitoring networks often possess spatial and temporal correlation inducing redundancies in the information provided. For river water quality monitoring in particular, flow-connected sites may likely provide similar information. This paper proposes a novel approach to principal components analysis to investigate reducing dimensionality for spatiotemporal flow-connected network data in order to identify common spatiotemporal patterns. The method is illustrated using monthly observations of total oxidized nitrogen for the Trent catchment area in England. Common patterns are revealed that are hidden when the river network structure and temporal correlation are not accounted for. Such patterns provide valuable information for the design of future sampling strategies

Value of Information in Design of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network under Uncertainty

The increasing need for groundwater as a source for fresh water and the continuous deterioration in many places around the world of that precious source as a result of anthropogenic sources of pollution highlights the need for efficient groundwater resources management. To be efficient, groundwater resources management requires efficient access to reliable information that can be acquired through monitoring. Due to the limited resources to implement a monitoring program, a groundwater quality monitoring network design should identify what is an optimal network from the point of view of cost, the value of information collected, and the amount of uncertainty that will exist about the quality of groundwater. When considering the potential social impact of monitoring, the design of a network should involve all stakeholders including people who are consuming the groundwater. This research introduces a methodology for groundwater quality monitoring network design that utilizes state-of-the-art learning machines that have been developed from the general area of statistical learning theory. The methodology takes into account uncertainties in aquifer properties, pollution transport processes, and climate. To check the feasibility of the network design, the research introduces a methodology to estimate the value of information (VOI) provided by the network using a decision tree model. Finally, the research presents the results of a survey administered in the study area to determine whether the implementation of the monitoring network design could be supported. Applying these methodologies on the Eocene Aquifer, Palestine indicates that statistical learning machines can be most effectively used to design a groundwater quality monitoring network in real-life aquifers. On the other hand, VOI analysis indicates that for the value of monitoring to exceed the cost of monitoring, more work is needed to improve the accuracy of the network and to increase people’s awareness of the pollution problem and the available alternatives

Network Inventory Map Book 9: Berg-Olifants

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and realign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programs. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A

Network Inventory Map Book 5: Vaal

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and rea-lign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programs. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology. This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A

Network Inventory Map Book 7: Mzimvubu-Tsitsikamma

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and realign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programs. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A

Network Inventory Map Book 8: Breede-Gouritz

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and realign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programs. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A

Network Inventory Map Book 6: Orange

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and realign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programmes. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology. This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A

Network Inventory Map Book 1: Limpopo

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is the custodian of ten national monitoring programs. The overall aim of this project is to undertake an evaluation of each monitoring network, in its present condition, and to redesign and realign the network based on scientific analysis and the strategic and management objectives of DWS and of the country as a whole. The water resources monitoring network will be optimised to ensure sustainable, relevant and up-to-date data of an acceptable quality. This Network Inventory Task focused on the production of maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of the existing monitoring stations for these ten monitoring programs. The deliverable from this Network Inventory task, together the User Requirements Task will be used to identify shortcomings in the current networks.The metadata from each of the ten monitoring networks was analysed and descriptive labels were developed for each station to describe the temporal information (record period), open/closed, completeness, etc. This task was undertaken by a team of specialists, one for each of the following categories of data: Surface water quantity. Surface water quality. Groundwater levels and quality. Biophysical Data Hydro-meteorology This was followed by the development of five thematic maps with information on the spatial distribution of these ten monitoring points per new Water Management Area (WMA) have been compiled. Even though other institutions in South Africa are also collecting surface water, groundwater, Hydro-meteorological, water quality, eco-health, mostly for their own interests and applications, only the Hydro-meteorological networks of ARC and SAWS data were included on these maps since these data are used daily by DWS. Due to an abundance of groundwater stations in a number of WMA’s, station numbers, rather than the detailed developed labels, were adopted for labeling the groundwater maps. The detailed groundwater labels are included as Appendix A