32,791 research outputs found
A Multi-Engine Approach to Answer Set Programming
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a truly-declarative programming paradigm
proposed in the area of non-monotonic reasoning and logic programming, that has
been recently employed in many applications. The development of efficient ASP
systems is, thus, crucial. Having in mind the task of improving the solving
methods for ASP, there are two usual ways to reach this goal: extending
state-of-the-art techniques and ASP solvers, or designing a new ASP
solver from scratch. An alternative to these trends is to build on top of
state-of-the-art solvers, and to apply machine learning techniques for choosing
automatically the "best" available solver on a per-instance basis.
In this paper we pursue this latter direction. We first define a set of
cheap-to-compute syntactic features that characterize several aspects of ASP
programs. Then, we apply classification methods that, given the features of the
instances in a {\sl training} set and the solvers' performance on these
instances, inductively learn algorithm selection strategies to be applied to a
{\sl test} set. We report the results of a number of experiments considering
solvers and different training and test sets of instances taken from the ones
submitted to the "System Track" of the 3rd ASP Competition. Our analysis shows
that, by applying machine learning techniques to ASP solving, it is possible to
obtain very robust performance: our approach can solve more instances compared
with any solver that entered the 3rd ASP Competition. (To appear in Theory and
Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).)Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
A Boxology of Design Patterns for Hybrid Learning and Reasoning Systems
We propose a set of compositional design patterns to describe a large variety
of systems that combine statistical techniques from machine learning with
symbolic techniques from knowledge representation. As in other areas of
computer science (knowledge engineering, software engineering, ontology
engineering, process mining and others), such design patterns help to
systematize the literature, clarify which combinations of techniques serve
which purposes, and encourage re-use of software components. We have validated
our set of compositional design patterns against a large body of recent
literature.Comment: 12 pages,55 reference
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