Enhancing the Capacity of the Indoor 60 GHz Band Via Modified Indoor Environments Using Ring Frequency Selective Surface Wallpapers and Path Loss Models

The 60 GHz band has been selected for short-range communication systems to meet consumers’ needs for high data rates. However, this frequency is attenuated by obstacles. This study addresses the limitations of the 60 GHz band by modifying indoor environments with ring Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) wallpaper, thereby increasing its utilization. The ring FSS wallpaper response at a 61.5 GHz frequency has been analyzed using both MATLAB and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS) software. ‘Wireless InSite’ is also used to demonstrate enhanced wave propagation in a building modified with ring FSSs wallpaper. The demonstration is applied to Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems to verify the effectiveness of FSSs on such systems’ capacity. The effectiveness of the suggested modification over delay spread has been studied for the MIMO scenario, as well as the effect of the human body on capacity. Simulation results presented here show that modifying a building using ring FSS wallpaper is an attractive scheme for significantly improving the indoor 60 GHz wireless communications band. This paper also presents and compares two large-scale indoor propagation Path Loss Models (PLMs), the Close-In (CI) free space reference distance model and the Floating Intercept (FI) model. Data obtained from ‘Wireless InSite’ over distances ranging from 4 to 14.31 m is analyzed. Results show that the CI model provides good estimation and exhibits stable behavior over frequencies and distances, with a solid physical basis and less computational complexity when compared to the FI model.

Multi-band Wideband Channel Measurements in Indoor and Outdoor Environments above 6 GHz for 5G Networks

This document presented the results of ultra-wideband of multi-bands measurements performed in three different indoor environments such as large office, factory like and small office and one outdoor street canyon scenario at the science site of Durham University, United Kingdom. The measurements conducted using a wideband chirp sounder developed at Durham University. An analytical review of the radio wave propagation mechanisms and formulas is presented in addition to the background of the channel characteristics parameters and statistics. The parameters reviewed are the received signal strength, path loss, the excess, average and RMS delay spread, in addition to the angular parameters such as the angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD) and the RMS angular spread. A literature survey for about 80 paper of the previous work are studied and summarised for the measurements and simulation performed to estimate different parameters in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Two different measurements set up were performed in three indoor environments and one outdoor scenario to measure mainly, the frequency dependency in various channel characteristics parameters. In the first set the measured parameters are the received signal strength, path loss, and the excess, average and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the RMS delay spread in three indoor environments. While in the second set the 3D angular parameters such as AoA, AoD and RMS angular spread in both Tx and Rx sides are studied in three indoor and one outdoor environment mentioned earlier. The measurements set up and procedures are presented for each set of measurement. The measurements were performed using a wideband channel sounder up to 6 GHz for both sets. Five different frequency bands (i.e.13.4 GHz, 26.8 GHz, 54.2 GHz, 62.6 GHz and 70 GHz) were used in the first set and three bands (i.e.13.4 GHz, 26.8 GHz, 62.6 GHz) for the second set. A steerable horn antenna at both side using 3D positioner in the second set of measurements, while an omnidirectional antenna was used at the receiver side in the first set. A summary and discussion the extracted results for each set of measurements are given. Conclusions about the achieved results and the recommended future work are provided