Pandemic and Crisis of Trust in Media: Case of Lithuania

In order to manage Pandemic of Covid -19, Lithuania started unprecedented campaign of promotion of vaccination. One the main instruments which were implemented by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania were Opportunity passport. This document gave permission for those people who were vaccinated to participate in many activities, which were limited to unvaccinated people including opportunity to go to huge supermarkets. However, different approach on management of Pandemic and Opportunity passport created enormous alienation in the society of Lithuania. One of the expressions of this phenomenon was dramatic decrease of trust in Media. By using process trace method I will show how and why situation of trust in media I will try to answer the questions why and how trust of Media decreased in Lithuania? What long term consequences could cause such changes? Answer to these questions is the main goal of my presentation

How does democracy influence citizens' perceptions of government corruption? A cross-national study

We examine the effect of democracy as an institutional context on individuals’ perceptions of government corruption. To do so, we compile an integrated dataset from the Asian, Afro, and Latino Barometer Surveys and use a hierarchical linear regression model. Our primary finding is that the effect of democracy has different effects on ordinary citizens’ perceptions of corruption in different contexts. In general, people in countries with higher levels of democracy tend to perceive their governments to be more corrupt. However, more importantly, conditional models show that in countries with more developed democratic institutions, individuals with stronger democratic values are less likely to perceive the government to be corrupt. Moreover, people in such countries are less likely to assess their government based on their perceptions of economic situation

Social media and perceived climate change efficacy: A European comparison

Climate change perceptions interact with how climate change is portrayed in the news, which is now increasingly accessed via social media platforms. While their effects on climate change awareness have been documented, it is less clear to what extent news consumed via social media platforms influences perceived climate change efficacy, which refers to the belief that one is able to make a difference in the fight against climate change. Our paper investigates the relationship between internet use, news received via social media, and perceived climate change efficacy in Europe, by using multilevel regression that shows the effects on individual, national and regional level. We find that there are modest differences between perceived climate change efficacy within our European sample and that on aggregated, national level Facebook negatively correlates with perceived climate change efficacy. Furthermore, regions with high participation in social media, show lower perceived climate change efficacy. Our multi-level research design thus puts new insights into the spatial manifestation of climate change opinions in the context of a digital geography interested in exploring differences in the effects of digital media uses

The Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress 2001: The Longest Decade: Canada in the 1990s

In this chapter, John Helliwell sets the scene for many of the papers that follow by providing an up-to-date and lucid survey of the literature on the impact of social capital on both the economy or economic performance and well-being. This latter term is closely related to the concept of social progress used in this volume. He begins by defining social capital as the networks and norms that facilitate cooperative activities within groups (bonding social capital) and between groups (bridging social capital). Helliwell documents a number of studies that show that social capital actually saves lives. He surveys the literature on subjective well-being, pointing out that unemployment lowers subjective well-being by more than the usual measure of economic cost and certainly more than inflation.Well-being, Wellbeing, Well Being, Social Progress, Social, Societal, Society, Values, Index, Indexes, Indices, Indicator, Indicators, Social Capital, Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Subjective Well-being, Subjective

The mechanics of trust: a framework for research and design

With an increasing number of technologies supporting transactions over distance and replacing traditional forms of interaction, designing for trust in mediated interactions has become a key concern for researchers in human computer interaction (HCI). While much of this research focuses on increasing users’ trust, we present a framework that shifts the perspective towards factors that support trustworthy behavior. In a second step, we analyze how the presence of these factors can be signalled. We argue that it is essential to take a systemic perspective for enabling well-placed trust and trustworthy behavior in the long term. For our analysis we draw on relevant research from sociology, economics, and psychology, as well as HCI. We identify contextual properties (motivation based on temporal, social, and institutional embeddedness) and the actor's intrinsic properties (ability, and motivation based on internalized norms and benevolence) that form the basis of trustworthy behavior. Our analysis provides a frame of reference for the design of studies on trust in technology-mediated interactions, as well as a guide for identifying trust requirements in design processes. We demonstrate the application of the framework in three scenarios: call centre interactions, B2C e-commerce, and voice-enabled on-line gaming

Overview and Analysis of Practices with Open Educational Resources in Adult Education in Europe

OER4Adults aimed to provide an overview of Open Educational Practices in adult learning in Europe, identifying enablers and barriers to successful implementation of practices with OER. The project was conducted in 2012-2013 by a team from the Caledonian Academy, Glasgow Caledonian University, funded by The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). The project drew on data from four main sources: • OER4Adults inventory of over 150 OER initiatives relevant to adult learning in Europe • Responses from the leaders of 36 OER initiatives to a detailed SWOT survey • Responses from 89 lifelong learners and adult educators to a short poll • The Vision Papers on Open Education 2030: Lifelong Learning published by IPTS Interpretation was informed by interviews with OER and adult education experts, discussion at the IPTS Foresight Workshop on Open Education and Lifelong Learning 2030, and evaluation of the UKOER programme. Analysis revealed 6 tensions that drive developing practices around OER in adult learning as well 6 summary recommendations for the further development of such practices

A democratic paradox? Effects of online media use on political participation and extremism in Latin America and Europe

Trabajo de Fin de Máster del Master Latin America and Europe in a Global World - LAGLOBE, curso 2019-2021[EN] Online media have emerged as instrumental tools for citizen political behaviour worldwide. Research has shown that their usage has generated important democratic implications, particularly in relation to two specific behaviours: political participation and ideological extremism. However, the evidence showing a positive influence of online media use on participation, and its positive influence on extremism, seems somewhat contradictory. To date, these trends have only been studied separately. To evaluate the co-occurrence of these behavioural effects, the present study examines the influence of online media on political participation and extremism. The extent of these relations are explored by studying online media use as consumptive (reading, watching) and expressive (sharing, posting) activities. In order to explore the conditions that influence these behaviours, the analysis is applied cross-regionally. Using logistic and multiple regression models on crosssectional survey data from 47 Latin American and European countries in 2019, this study compares the effects of online media on seven political participation activities, and on left- and right-wing ideological extremism. The main findings reveal that online media use in Latin America and Europe predicts all seven political participation activities, and correlates with citizens’ self-reported placement at the ideological extremes. The correlations are stronger and more significant for online media expression than consumption. Cross-country contextual differences linked to internet penetration and democratic maturity show more variability across Latin American countries than across Europe. Overall, the co-occurrence of effects across regions suggests that online media use affects different political behaviours in similar ways. Wider democratic implications on citizen engagement and political preferences are discussed.[ES] Los medios de comunicación en línea (medios online) han surgido como una herramienta instrumental para entender el comportamiento político ciudadano a nivel global. Estudios empíricos han mostrado que su uso suscita implicaciones democráticas importantes, especialmente en relación con dos comportamientos específicos: la participación política y el extremismo ideológico. Sin embargo, los hallazgos que demuestran la influencia positiva del uso de medios online en la participación, así como su influencia positiva en el extremismo, parecen algo contradictorios. Hasta la fecha, estas tendencias solo han sido estudiadas por separado. Para evaluar la concurrencia de dichos comportamientos políticos, el presente estudio examina la influencia simultánea de medios online en la participación política y en el extremismo. El alcance de estas influencias se analiza a través de actividades de consumo (leer, ver) y de expresión (compartir, publicar) en línea. Para explorar las condiciones que influyen en estos comportamientos, el análisis se aplica de forma interregional. Utilizando modelos de regresión logística y múltiple sobre datos de encuestas transversales de 47 países latinoamericanos y europeos en 2019, este estudio compara los efectos de medios online en siete actividades de participación política, y en el extremismo ideológico de izquierda y de derecha. Los principales hallazgos del presente estudio revelan que el uso de medios online en América Latina y Europa predice las siete actividades de participación política estudiadas, y se correlaciona con el auto-posicionamiento ideológico extremista. Las correlaciones son mas fuertes y significativas para la expresión en medios online que para el consumo de información. Las diferencias contextuales entre países muestran más variabilidad en América Latina que en Europa, debido a disparidades en acceso al internet y madurez democrática. En general, esta concurrencia de efectos positivos entre regiones sugiere que el uso de medios online afecta comportamientos políticos diferentes de manera similar. Se discute sobre las implicaciones democráticas de la participación y el posicionamiento político ciudadano

Does decentralisation bring the people back to the government? An empirical analysis of the effect of decentralisation on political trust

This study offers an empirical test of the effect of decentralisation on political trust. A comparative analysis of citizens in 47 countries suggests indirect and heterogeneous consequences of decentralisation. First, while various dimensions of decentralisation are significantly associated with political trust at the country level, no dimension has a direct effect on political trust at the individual level. Second, not all forms of decentralisation contribute to the promotion of political trust. And, finally, two dimensions of decentralisation (that is, fiscal and administrative) promote political trust through reducing the negative effect of democratic values

A closer look at child mortality among Adivasis in India

The authors use data from the National Family Health Survey 2005 to present age-specific patterns of child mortality among India's tribal (Adivasi) population. The analysis shows three clear findings. First, a disproportionately high number of child deaths are concentrated among Adivasis, especially in the 1-5 age group and in those states and districts where there is a high concentration of Adivasis. Any effort to reduce child morality in the aggregate will have to focus more squarely on lowering mortality among the Adivasis. Second, the gap in mortality between Adivasi children and the rest really appears after the age of one. In fact, before the age of one, tribal children face more or less similar odds of dying as other children. However, these odds significantly reverse later. This calls for a shift in attention from infant mortality or in general under-five mortality to factors that cause a wedge between tribal children and the rest between the ages of one and five. Third, the analysis goes contrary to the conventional narrative of poverty being the primary factor driving differences between mortality outcomes. Instead, the authors find that breaking down child mortality by age leads to a much more refined picture. Tribal status is significant even after controlling for wealth.Population Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Adolescent Health,Early Childhood Development