1,290 research outputs found
Distribuição de conteúdos over-the-top multimédia em redes sem fios
mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesHoje em dia a Internet é considerada um bem essencial devido ao facto de
haver uma constante necessidade de comunicar, mas também de aceder e
partilhar conteúdos. Com a crescente utilização da Internet, aliada ao aumento
da largura de banda fornecida pelos operadores de telecomunicações,
criaram-se assim excelentes condições para o aumento dos serviços multimédia
Over-The-Top (OTT), demonstrado pelo o sucesso apresentado
pelos os serviços Netflix e Youtube.
O serviço OTT engloba a entrega de vídeo e áudio através da Internet sem
um controlo direto dos operadores de telecomunicações, apresentando uma
proposta atractiva de baixo custo e lucrativa.
Embora a entrega OTT seja cativante, esta padece de algumas limitações.
Para que a proposta se mantenha em crescimento e com elevados padrões de
Qualidade-de-Experiência (QoE) para os consumidores, é necessário investir
na arquitetura da rede de distribuição de conteúdos, para que esta seja capaz
de se adaptar aos diversos tipos de conteúdo e obter um modelo otimizado
com um uso cauteloso dos recursos, tendo como objectivo fornecer serviços
OTT com uma boa qualidade para o utilizador, de uma forma eficiente e
escalável indo de encontro aos requisitos impostos pelas redes móveis atuais
e futuras.
Esta dissertação foca-se na distribuição de conteúdos em redes sem fios,
através de um modelo de cache distribuída entre os diferentes pontos de
acesso, aumentando assim o tamanho da cache e diminuindo o tráfego
necessário para os servidores ou caches da camada de agregação acima.
Assim, permite-se uma maior escalabilidade e aumento da largura de banda
disponível para os servidores de camada de agregação acima. Testou-se
o modelo de cache distribuída em três cenários: o consumidor está em
casa em que se considera que tem um acesso fixo, o consumidor tem um
comportamento móvel entre vários pontos de acesso na rua, e o consumidor
está dentro de um comboio em alta velocidade.
Testaram-se várias soluções como Redis2, Cachelot e Memcached para servir
de cache, bem como se avaliaram vários proxies para ir de encontro ás características necessárias. Mais ainda, na distribuição de conteúdos testaram-se
dois algoritmos, nomeadamente o Consistent e o Rendezvouz Hashing.
Ainda nesta dissertação utilizou-se uma proposta já existente baseada na
previsão de conteúdos (prefetching ), que consiste em colocar o conteúdo
nas caches antes de este ser requerido pelos consumidores.
No final, verificou-se que o modelo distribuído com a integração com prefecthing
melhorou a qualidade de experiência dos consumidores, bem como
reduziu a carga nos servidores de camada de agregação acima.Nowadays, the Internet is considered an essential good, due to the fact that
there is a need to communicate, but also to access and share information.
With the increasing use of the Internet, allied with the increased bandwidth
provided by telecommunication operators, it has created conditions for the
increase of Over-the-Top (OTT) Multimedia Services, demonstrated by the
huge success of Net
ix and Youtube.
The OTT service encompasses the delivery of video and audio through the
Internet without direct control of telecommunication operators, presenting
an attractive low-cost and pro table proposal.
Although the OTT delivery is captivating, it has some limitations. In order
to increase the number of clients and keep the high Quality of Experience
(QoE) standards, an enhanced architecture for content distribution network
is needed. Thus, the enhanced architecture needs to provide a good quality
for the user, in an e cient and scalable way, supporting the requirements
imposed by future mobile networks.
This dissertation aims to approach the content distribution in wireless networks,
through a distributed cache model among the several access points,
thus increasing the cache size and decreasing the load on the upstream
servers. The proposed architecture was tested in three di erent scenarios:
the consumer is at home and it is considered that it has a xed access, the
consumer is mobile between several access points in the street, the consumer
is in a high speed train.
Several solutions were evaluated, such as Redis2, Cachelot and Memcached
to serve as caches, along with the evaluation of several proxies server in order
to ful ll the required features. Also, it was tested two distributed algorithms,
namely the Consistent and Rendezvous Hashing.
Moreover, in this dissertation it was integrated a prefetching mechanism,
which consists of inserting the content in caches before being requested by
the consumers.
At the end, it was veri ed that the distributed model with prefetching improved
the consumers QoE as well as it reduced the load on the upstream
servers
Low Power system Design techniques for mobile computers
Portable products are being used increasingly. Because these systems are battery powered, reducing power consumption is vital. In this report we give the properties of low power design and techniques to exploit them on the architecture of the system. We focus on: min imizing capacitance, avoiding unnecessary and wasteful activity, and reducing voltage and frequency. We review energy reduction techniques in the architecture and design of a hand-held computer and the wireless communication system, including error control, sys tem decomposition, communication and MAC protocols, and low power short range net works
Knowledge-infused and Consistent Complex Event Processing over Real-time and Persistent Streams
Emerging applications in Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems
(CPS) present novel challenges to Big Data platforms for performing online
analytics. Ubiquitous sensors from IoT deployments are able to generate data
streams at high velocity, that include information from a variety of domains,
and accumulate to large volumes on disk. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is
recognized as an important real-time computing paradigm for analyzing
continuous data streams. However, existing work on CEP is largely limited to
relational query processing, exposing two distinctive gaps for query
specification and execution: (1) infusing the relational query model with
higher level knowledge semantics, and (2) seamless query evaluation across
temporal spaces that span past, present and future events. These allow
accessible analytics over data streams having properties from different
disciplines, and help span the velocity (real-time) and volume (persistent)
dimensions. In this article, we introduce a Knowledge-infused CEP (X-CEP)
framework that provides domain-aware knowledge query constructs along with
temporal operators that allow end-to-end queries to span across real-time and
persistent streams. We translate this query model to efficient query execution
over online and offline data streams, proposing several optimizations to
mitigate the overheads introduced by evaluating semantic predicates and in
accessing high-volume historic data streams. The proposed X-CEP query model and
execution approaches are implemented in our prototype semantic CEP engine,
SCEPter. We validate our query model using domain-aware CEP queries from a
real-world Smart Power Grid application, and experimentally analyze the
benefits of our optimizations for executing these queries, using event streams
from a campus-microgrid IoT deployment.Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, accepted in Future Generation Computer Systems,
October 27, 201
A network mobility management architecture for a heteregeneous network environment
Network mobility management enables mobility of personal area networks and vehicular networks across heterogeneous access networks using a Mobile Router. This dissertation presents a network mobility management architecture for minimizing the impact of handoffs on the communications of nodes in the mobile network. The architecture addresses mobility in legacy networks without infrastructure support, but can also exploit infrastructure support for improved handoff performance. Further, the proposed architecture increases the efficiency of communications of nodes in the mobile network with counter parts in the fixed network through the use of caching and route optimization. The performance and costs of the proposed architecture are evaluated through empirical and numerical analysis. The analysis shows the feasibility of the architecture in the networks of today and in those of the near future.Verkkojen liikkuuvudenhallinta mahdollistaa henkilökohtaisten ja ajoneuvoihin asennettujen verkkojen liikkuvuuden heterogeenisessä verkkoympäristössä käyttäen liikkuvaa reititintä. Tämä väitöskirja esittää uuden arkkitehtuurin verkkojen liikkuvuudenhallintaan, joka minimoi verkonvaihdon vaikutuksen päätelaitteiden yhteyksiin.
Vanhoissa verkoissa, joiden infrastruktuuri ei tue verkkojen liikkuvuutta, verkonvaihdos täytyy hallita liikkuvassa reitittimessa. Standardoitu verkkojen liikkuvuudenhallintaprotokolla NEMO mahdollistaa tämän käyttäen ankkurisolmua kiinteässä verkossa pakettien toimittamiseen päätelaitteiden kommunikaatiokumppaneilta liikkuvalle reitittimelle. NEMO:ssa verkonvaihdos aiheuttaa käynnissä olevien yhteyksien keskeytymisen yli sekunnin mittaiseksi ajaksi, aiheuttaen merkittävää häiriötä viestintäsovelluksille.
Esitetyssä arkkitehtuurissa verkonvaihdon vaikutus minimoidaan varustamalla liikkuva reititin kahdella radiolla. Käyttäen kahta radiota liikkuva reititin pystyy suorittamaan verkonvaihdon keskeyttämättä päätelaitteiden yhteyksiä, mikäli verkonvaihtoon on riittävästi aikaa. Käytettävissa oleva aika riippuu liikkuvan reitittimen nopeudesta ja radioverkon rakenteesta. Arkkitehtuuri osaa myös hyödyntää infrastruktuurin tukea saumattomaan verkonvaihtoon. Verkkoinfrastruktuurin tuki nopeuttaa verkonvaihdosprosessia, kasvattaenmaksimaalista verkonvaihdos tahtia. Tällöin liikkuva reitin voi käyttää lyhyen kantaman radioverkkoja, joiden solun säde on yli 80m, ajonopeuksilla 90m/s asti ilman, että verkonvaihdos keskeyttää päätelaitteiden yhteyksiä.
Lisäksi ehdotettu arkkitehtuuri tehostaa kommunikaatiota käyttäen cache-palvelimia liikkuvassa ja kiinteässä verkossa ja optimoitua reititystä liikkuvien päätelaitteiden ja kiinteässä verkossa olevien kommunikaatiosolmujen välillä. Cache-palvelinarkkitehtuuri hyödyntää vapaita radioresursseja liikkuvan verkon cache-palvelimen välimuistin päivittämiseen. Heterogeenisessä verkkoympäristossä cache-palvelimen päivitys suoritetaan lyhyen kantaman laajakaistaisia radioverkkoja käyttäen. Liikkuvan reitittimen siirtyessä laajakaistaisen radioverkon peitealueen ulkopuolelle päätelaitteille palvellaan sisältöä, kuten www sivuja tai videota cache-palvelimelta, säästäen laajemman kantaman radioverkon rajoitetumpia resursseja.
Arkkitehtuurissa käytetään optimoitua reititystä päätelaitteiden ja niiden kommunikaatiokumppaneiden välillä. Optimoitu reititysmekanismi vähentää liikkuvuudenhallintaan käytettyjen protokollien langattoman verkon resurssien kulutusta. Lisäksi optimoitu reititysmekanismi tehostaa pakettien reititystä käyttäen suorinta reittiä kommunikaatiosolmujen välillä.
Esitetyn arkkitehtuurin suorituskyky arvioidaan empiirisen ja numeerisen analyysin avulla. Analyysi arvioi arkkitehtuurin suorituskykyä ja vertaa sitä aikaisemmin ehdotettuihin ratkaisuihin ja osoittaa arkkitehtuurin soveltuvan nykyisiin ja lähitulevaisuuden langattomiin verkkoihin.reviewe
A Highly Available Cluster of Web Servers with Increased Storage Capacity
Ponencias de las Decimoséptimas Jornadas de Paralelismo de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha celebradas el 18,19 y 20 de septiembre de 2006 en AlbaceteWeb servers scalability has been traditionally solved by improving software elements or increasing hardware resources of the server machine.
Another approach has been the usage of distributed
architectures. In such architectures, usually, file al-
location strategy has been either full replication or full distribution. In previous works we have showed that partial replication offers a good balance between storage capacity and reliability. It offers much higher
storage capacity while reliability may be kept at an equivalent level of that from fully replicated solutions.
In this paper we present the architectural details of Web cluster solutions adapted to partial replication.
We also show that partial replication does not imply a penalty in performance over classical fully replicated architectures. For evaluation purposes we have used a simulation model under the OMNeT++ framework and we use mean service time as a performance comparison metric.Publicad
Reducing Internet Latency : A Survey of Techniques and their Merit
Bob Briscoe, Anna Brunstrom, Andreas Petlund, David Hayes, David Ros, Ing-Jyh Tsang, Stein Gjessing, Gorry Fairhurst, Carsten Griwodz, Michael WelzlPeer reviewedPreprin
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