Innovation in Private Infrastructure Development Effects of the Selection Environment and Modularity

This study investigates how the selection environment and modularity affect innovation in private infrastructure development. Our findings stem from an in-depth empirical study of the extent ten process innovations were implemented in an airport expansion programme. Our findings suggest that developer and customers can each occasionally champion or resist innovations. An innovation succeeds contingent upon the capability of the stakeholder groups to develop collectively a plan to finance and implement the innovation, which reconciles subjective individual assessments. Innovations can be particularly hard to adopt when they require financing from different budgets, or when the developer’s investment pays off only if customers behave in a specified way in the future. We also find that the degrees of novelty and modularity neither represent sufficient or necessary conditions enabling or hindering innovation. Novelty, however, makes the innovation champion’s job harder because it leads to perceptions of downside risk and regulatory changes, whereas modularity helps the champion operationalise ways that moderate resistance to innovate.Innovation; financing; implementation

Speed control of separately excited dc motor using artificial intelligent approach

This paper presents the ability of Artificial Intelligent Neural Network ANNs for the separately excited dc motor drives. The mathematical model of the motor and neural network algorithm is derived. The controller consists two parts which is designed to estimate of motor speed and the other is which to generate a control signal for a converter. The separately excited dc motor has some advantages compare to the others type of motors and there are some special qualities that have in ANNs and because of that, ANNs can be trained to display the nonlinear relationship that the conventional tools could not implemented such as proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller. A neural network controller with learning technique based on back propagation algorithm is developed. These two neural are training by Levenberg�Marquardt. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by develop simulation model in MATLAB-Simulink program. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the proposed of this neural network controller produce significant improvement control performance and advantages of the control system DC motor with ANNs in comparison to the conventional controller without using ANNs

The Costs and Benefits of Regulation: Implications for Developing Countries

The literature on the benefits and costs of regulation demonstrates that this issue can be explored systematically using standard economic analysis. It also shows that regulation can have a significant adverse impact on economic growth. Specifically, regulation aimed at controlling prices and entry into markets that would otherwise be workably competitive is likely to reduce growth and adversely affect the average standard of living. In addition, process regulation can impose a significant cost on the economy. Nonetheless, social regulations may have significant net benefits for the average consumer if designed judiciously. There are several policies developing countries might consider adopting to improve their general approach to regulation. The appropriate regulatory tools and framework will depend on many factors, including bureaucratic expertise, resource availability, political constraints, and economic impacts. There is a general need to enhance the capability for evaluating regulation at the local and national levels.

Generating Revenue at Airports in the Southeastern Coastal Region of North Carolina

Airports contribute about 5% of the gross domestic product and employ over 7 million people in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore the strategies that airport managers need to increase nonaeronautical revenue. A generic strategy does not exist to assist airport operators in generating operating income. Aeronautical revenue does not always provide sufficient funding for airport operations and existing research does not consistently provide effective strategies for all airports to generate revenue. The sample for this qualitative multiple case study consisted of 3 small commercial airport managers in the southeastern North Carolina coastal region. The conceptual framework for this study was built upon general systems theory. The data were collected using semistructured interviews and review of company documents. Transcript review and member checking were used to strengthen credibility and trustworthiness. Through methodological triangulation of the data sources, 3 emergent themes were uncovered during a qualitative data analysis: types of nonaeronautical sources of revenue, strategies for measurement of success, and size and location of the airport. The findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing insight into strategies that contribute to sustainability at small airports. Existing and aspiring small airport managers may apply the findings to contribute to the success of the communities in which their airports reside and the local economies in which they operate

Development Challenges of Secondary and Small Airports in California, Research Report 11-21

This study investigates the development of secondary and smaller airports in California. Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) business is growing at these airports because they offer reduced operating costs, and they have adequate capacity to help LCCs avoid battling with incumbent airlines at the large hubs for limited resources, such as gates. However, increased LCC aircraft operations at the secondary airports have led to significant noise impacts on the surrounding communities and this has been a challenge for the secondary airport operators. They have imposed operational curfews to limit the noise impacts, but this approach constrains the resident airlines that want to increase their traffic. As a result, some LCCs have begun to initiate flights out of the large hubs. Statistics from this study show that the LCCs have replaced the legacy airlines as the dominant air provider in the state. With their growing dominance, the LCCs will become more attractive to the large hub airports, and the secondary airports will face increased competition in retaining them. To retain those LCCs, the secondary airports must better understand how LCCs make investment decisions related to airport development. At the same time, they must better educate the LCCs about their airport needs

Process optimization and quality perceived by passengers: the case study of Lisbon Airport

Increasing demand due to the banalization of air traffic as preferred means of transport, by the globalization of business and tourism, and by the speed of air transportation, has made airports the answer to this massive influx of people around the World. The following case study aims to show professionals and students in Operations Management areas the need to look at customers as part of the operational process. Thus, to provide a higher quality service, it is necessary to look at the processes and coordination of the various links in the service chain, so that the system is as fluid and optimized as possible. Thus, the case study will show the Lisbon Airport case, an airport that have a substantial growth on the last five years. It will show what operational strategies that were implemented so that the customer service provision does not be harmed by maintaining quality levels and parameters. To explain the situation of Lisbon Airport, was made a case study. The case study will have the focus on showing the relevant key performance indicators, the stakeholders involved in the process, the flow of passengers through the infrastructure and the changes done in the airport. For the literature review was done an analysis on operations management, quality of service and service design. This case study aims to be studied by undergraduate or master students in the area of Operations Management. To consolidate knowledge was developed a set of questions applied to the case of Lisbon Airport.O aumento da procura devido à banalização do tráfego aéreo como sendo o meio de transporte preferido, tanto pela globalização de negócios e turismo, tanto pela velocidade de transporte, fizeram com que os aeroportos se tornassem a resposta para este fluxo enorme de pessoas por todo o Mundo. O case study tem o objetivo de mostrar a necessidade de olhar para os clientes como parte integrante do processo. Desta forma, para prestar um serviço de maior qualidade, é necessário olhar para os processos e coordenação dos vários elos da cadeia de prestação de serviços, para que o sistema seja o mais fluído e otimizado possível. Assim, o case study falará do Aeroporto de Lisboa, um aeroporto que teve um aumento substancial de tráfego nos últimos cinco anos e das estratégias operacionais que forma implementadas por forma a que a prestação de serviço ao cliente. Por forma a explicar a situação do Aeroporto de Lisboa, foi feita uma pesquisa sobre o mercado aeroportuário, quais os KPI’s relevantes de análise à infraestrutura e também um análise teórica sobre gestão de operações, qualidade de serviço e service design e a forma como a gestão do Aeroporto de Lisboa tornou a sua infraestrutura mais fluída no processamento de passageiros, reduzindo filas de espera e otimizando a qualidade de serviço. Este case study tem o objetivo de ser estudado por alunos de Licenciatura ou Mestrado na área de Gestão de Operações e foram desenvolvidas um conjunto de perguntas aplicadas ao caso do Aeroporto de Lisboa

European Airport Concessions: Retail Strategies to Improve Commercial Revenue from Leisure Travelers

Aeronautical revenue from landing and handling charges to carriers is falling significantly below 60% of total revenue and will not persist as the main source of income for airports. Airports in Europe cannot continue to rely on profits from airlines; operating companies need to improve the competitiveness through commercial income from different traveler types. The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the elements of successful sales strategies by concessionaires (retailers) at the metropolitan airport system of Zurich and Basel in hopes of improving the nonaeronautical revenue from leisure travelers, a price-sensitive customer segment. The conceptual framework was corporate strategic planning with the underlying concept of sustainable business operations. Semistructured interviews included 9 executives and senior managers of concessions and retail operations at Zurich International and Basel EuroAirport, and covered major themes such as managing the shopping experience of passengers as well as collaboration between concessionaires, airports, and airlines. The key findings, which emerged from an inductive analysis of the data, were that the identification of personalized offerings and the inclusion of individual travelers\u27 needs are required to ensure a flexible approach by each airport and shop location throughout the terminal. The collected data contained indicators for holistic and targeted concepts by retail concessions in cooperation with airport stakeholders. Social implications include sustainable retail strategies by promoting value adding products and services, improving the passenger\u27s travel experience, and ensuring the profitability of concessionaires in a changing aviation market

The Airport A-CDM Operational Implementation Description and Challenges

Purpose: This research aims to address an issue that today is a significant challenge for all signatory countries of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The implementation of the areas for improving practices recommended in the Global Navigation Plan (GANP). More specifically on the theme of Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM), which involves three of the most critical stakeholders in the Air Sector, which are Airlines, Airports and Air Traffic Control Bodies. Design/methodology: The strategy chosen to achieve the objective is to present the vision of the leading entities that represent the aviation area. Thus, the methodology of the Case Study, more precisely the Multiple Case Study, is one of the bases in the elaboration of the article, in the sense that analyses and recommendations prepared by Central Aviation Organizations are carried out, as well as by other entities that bring together the Sector members. Findings: In addition to having a basis for the functioning of a Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) process within the Air Sector –because of the extreme dynamics of the sector–, readers will have a signal of the importance of having a systematic backing of document contents ICAO before starting any professional or research work. Mainly from the GANP document, a compass for these activities in the coming decades. Practical implications: Academics and members of the Air Sector will have a brief reference and focused on the practical application of this topic, which still has very few approaches in academic research sources. Originality/value: The educational form in which this article is sequenced, as well as the different views presented, can serve as a guide for the understanding of all those interested in the airline industry. Making it an original document in its content and of great value to its professionals and researchers.Peer Reviewe

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE BY INTEGRATED E-BUSINESS IN SUPPLY CHAINS: A STRATEGIC APPROACH

This paper reports findings of the competitive advantage of supply chain integration and the crucial role of integrated e-business to deliver those benefits. However, adoption of e-business in supply chains has been slower than expected, particularly in small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Differences between firms in supply chains and between supply chains are examined. Across industries, firms have adopted e-business initiatives to better manage their internal business processes as well as their interfaces with the environment. The authors’ findings provide the foundation for a more rigorous study of e-business.e-business, IT business value, supply chain management, value chain, competitive advantage