An Analysis of the Requirements for Efficient Protocols in WBAN

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) plays a major role in the advancement of technology, particularly for diagnosising the many life threatening diseases as well as providing real-time health monitoring. The objective of this paper is to study and analyze the problems of protocols in WBAN to provide the requirements related to health care in a medical environment. The protocols need to be energy efficient and reliable as well. To date, several metrics, such as channel utilization and energy efficiencies are defined. This research provides a clear outlook on the types of routing protocols and the problems related to the losses and distribution of data in a medical environment, thus meeting energy efficiency, low delay and reliability

Exposición a la radiofrecuencia originada por aparatos electromédicos

Currently, humans are exposed involuntarily or unconsciously to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, due to technological breakthrough. This raises concerns about the possible adverse effects of such exposure, so the evaluation of different exposure scenarios is necessary. Among them, consider those that concern medical electrical equipment. Here a protocol for measuring NIR is developed, according to the medical equipment, facilities and applicable regulations. After a study of the emissions of different types of electrical equipment and human exposure to RF evaluating the existing electromagnetic power density was performed to assess whether the measured levels are in accordance with regulations. For those who do not comply dosimetry was performed. Thereby determining the safety work distance for the operatorhttp://www.bioingenieria.edu.ar/eventos/claib2014/Fil: Vanella, O.R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo; Argentina.Fil: Goyeneche, G.S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo; Argentina.Fil: Stricker, S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo; Argentina.Fil: Rodriguez, C.J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo; Argentina.Fil: Bruni, R.G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo; Argentina.Otras Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Informació

Consumo de energía y calidad de servicio en redes WBAN : Una evaluación de desempeño entre capa cruzada e IEEE802.15.4

RESUMEN: Dentro de los esquemas de comunicación de redes inalámbricas de área corporal (WBAN), se encuentran los protocolos de capa cruzada, constituidos en una novedosa opción para alcanzar un balance efectivo entre consumo eficiente de energía y métricas de desempeño. En el presente trabajo, evaluamos el desempeño de una estrategia de capa cruzada al compararla contra los protocolos del estándar IEEE802.15.4 en una WBAN. Se evaluó el desempeño de ambas estrategias empleando una simulación de redes WBAN. Luego se ejecutó una comparación estadística y se encontró que la estrategia de capa cruzada ofrece un mejor desempeño con respecto a la compensación entre consumo eficiente de energía y algunas métricas de desempeño en nuestra WBAN. Observamos que en general, la estrategia de capa cruzada supera a ambos modos del estándar IEEE802.15.4 (ranurado y no-ranurado) con respecto a consumo eficiente de energía, retraso extremo a extremo, tasa de pérdida de paquetes y goodput.ABSTARCT: Different communication schemes for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) pretend to achieve a fair tradeoff between efficient energy consumption and the accomplishment of performance metrics. Among those schemes are the Cross-layer protocols that constitute a good choice to achieve the aforementioned tradeoff by introducing novel protocol techniques which are away from the traditional communications model. In this work we assessed the performance of a WBAN cross-layer protocol stack by comparing it against the performance of the protocols of the IEEE802.15.4 standard, which is commonly used for WBAN deployment nowadays. We evaluated the performance of both, cross-layer and IEEE802.15.4 approaches, by means of a simulation, by using a popular network simulator and its frameworks for wireless networks. And then performed a statistical comparison and ascertained that the cross-layer protocol stack offers better performance regarding a tradeoff between efficient energy consumption and performance metrics in our particular test scenario. We observed that, in general, the cross-layer approach outperformed both modes of IEEE802.15.4 standard (slotted and unslotted) regarding energy consumption, end to end delay, packet loss rate and goodput. The results of our experiments reported that the cross-layer strategy saves up to 80% more energy than IEEE802.15.4 unslotted and it is only a 5% below the slotted mode. Regarding the quality of service metrics the performance was always better when using the cross-layer scheme

Energy consumption and quality of service in WBAN: A performance evaluation between cross-layer and IEEE802.15.4

Different communication schemes for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) pretend to achieve a fair tradeoff between efficient energy consumption and the accomplishment of performance metrics. Among those schemes are the Cross-layer protocols that constitute a good choice to achieve the aforementioned tradeoff by introducing novel protocol techniques which are away from the traditional communications model. In this work we assessed the performance of a WBAN cross-layer protocol stack by comparing it against the performance of the protocols of the IEEE802.15.4 standard, which is commonly used for WBAN deployment nowadays. We evaluated the performance of both, cross-layer and IEEE802.15.4 approaches, by means of a simulation, by using a popular network simulator and its frameworks for wireless networks. And then performed a statistical comparison and ascertained that the cross-layer protocol stack offers better performance regarding a tradeoff between efficient energy consumption and performance metrics in our particular test scenario. We observed that, in general, the cross-layer approach outperformed both modes of IEEE802.15.4 standard (slotted and unslotted) regarding energy consumption, end to end delay, packet loss rate and goodput. The results of our experiments reported that the cross-layer strategy saves up to 80% more energy than IEEE802.15.4 unslotted and it is only a 5% below the slotted mode. Regarding the quality of service metrics the performance was always better when using the cross-layer scheme.Dentro de los esquemas de comunicación de redes inalámbricas de área corporal (WBAN), se encuentran los protocolos de capa cruzada, constituidos en una novedosa opción para alcanzar un balance efectivo entre consumo eficiente de energía y métricas de desempeño. En el presente trabajo, evaluamos el desempeño de una estrategia de capa cruzada al compararla contra los protocolos del estándar IEEE802.15.4 en una WBAN. Se evaluó el desempeño de ambas estrategias empleando una simulación de redes WBAN. Luego se ejecutó una comparación estadística y se encontró que la estrategia de capa cruzada ofrece un mejor desempeño con respecto a la compensación entre consumo eficiente de energía y algunas métricas de desempeño en nuestra WBAN. Observamos que en general, la estrategia de capa cruzada supera a ambos modos del estándar IEEE802.15.4 (ranurado y no-ranurado) con respecto a consumo eficiente de energía, retraso extremo a extremo, tasa de pérdida de paquetes y goodput

Diseños de capa cruzada para redes inalámbricas de área corporal energéticamente eficientes: una revisión

RESUMEN: El diseño de capa cruzada se considera una poderosa alternativa para dar solución a las complejidades introducidas por las comunicaciones inalámbricas en redes de área corporal (WBAN), donde el modelo clásico de comunicaciones no ha exhibido un desempeño adecuado. Respecto al problema puntual de consumo de energía, hemos preparado la presente revisión de las publicaciones más relevantes que tratan la eficiencia energética para WBAN usando diseño de capa cruzada. En este artículo se proporciona una revisión exhaustiva de los avances en aproximaciones, protocolos y optimizaciones de capa cruzada cuyo objetivo es incrementar el tiempo de vida de las redes WBAN mediante el ahorro de energía. Luego, se discute los aspectos relevantes y deficiencias de las técnicas de capa cruzada energéticamente eficientes. Además, se introducen aspectos de investigación abiertos y retos en el diseño de capa cruzada para WBAN. En esta revisión proponemos una taxonomía de las aproximaciones de capa cruzada, de modo que las técnicas revisadas se ajustan en categorías de acuerdo a los protocolos involucrados en el diseño. Una clasificación novedosa se incluye para hacer claridad en los conceptos teóricos involucrados en cada esquema de capa cruzada y para luego agrupar aproximaciones similares evidenciando las diferencias con otras técnicas entre sí. Nuestras conclusiones consideran los aspectos de movilidad y modelamiento del canal en escenarios de WBAN como las direcciones para futura investigación en WBAN y en aplicaciones de telemedicina.ABSTRACT: Cross-layer design is considered a powerful alternative to solve the complexities of wireless communication in wireless body area networks (WBAN), where the classical communication model has been shown to be inaccurate. Regarding the energy consumption problem, we have prepared a current survey of the most relevant scientific publications on energy-efficient cross-layer design for WBAN. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the advances in cross-layer approaches, protocols and optimizations aimed at increasing the network lifetime by saving energy in WBANs. Subsequently, we discuss the relevant aspects and shortcomings of these energy-efficient cross-layer techniques and point out the open research issues and challenges in WBAN cross-layer design. In this survey, we propose a taxonomy for cross-layer approaches to fit them into categories based on the protocols involved in the cross-layer scheme. A novel classification is included to clarify the theoretical concepts behind each cross-layer scheme; and to group similar approaches by establishing their differences from the other strategies reviewed. Our conclusion considers the aspects of mobility and channel modeling in WBAN scenarios as the directions of future cross-layer research for WBAN and telemedicine applications