Observers perceive the Duchenne marker as signaling only intensity for sad expressions, not genuine emotion

The Duchenne marker-crow's feet wrinkles at the corner of the eyes-has a reputation for signaling genuine positive emotion in smiles. Here, we test whether this facial action might be better conceptualized as a marker of emotional intensity, rather than genuineness per se, and examine its perceptual outcomes beyond smiling, in sad expressions. For smiles, we found ratings of emotional intensity (how happy a face is) were unable to fully account for the effect of Duchenne status (present vs. absent) on ratings of emotion genuineness. The Duchenne marker made a unique direct contribution to the perceived genuineness of smiles, supporting its reputation for signaling genuine emotion in smiling. In contrast, across 4 experiments, we found Duchenne sad expressions were not rated as any more genuine or sincere than non-Duchenne ones. The Duchenne marker did however make sad expressions look sadder and more negative, just like it made smiles look happier and more positive. Together, these findings argue the Duchenne marker has an important role in sad as well as smiling expressions, but is interpreted differently in sad expressions (contributions to intensity only) compared with smiles (emotion genuineness independently of intensity). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Convolutional Neural Network With Batch Normalization for Classification of Emotional Expressions Based on Facial Images

Emotion recognition through facial images is one of the most challenging topics in human psychological interactions with machines. Along with advances in robotics, computer graphics, and computer vision, research on facial expression recognition is an important part of intelligent systems technology for interactive human interfaces where each person may have different emotional expressions, making it difficult to classify facial expressions and requires training data. large, so the deep learning approach is an alternative solution., The purpose of this study is to propose a different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model architecture with batch normalization consisting of three layers of multiple convolution layers with a simpler architectural model for the recognition of emotional expressions based on human facial images in the FER2013 dataset from Kaggle. The experimental results show that the training accuracy level reaches 98%, but there is still overfitting where the validation accuracy level is still 62%. The proposed model has better performance than the model without using batch normalization

Authentic leadership in illness blogs:What we can learn from jaw surgery bloggers

This paper argues that authentic leadership theory provides a useful model for explaining the communication of orthognathic or jaw surgery bloggers. Previous studies concluded that illness blogs can empower patients, but no research considered any leadership theory as a model for blogging. For this study, 24 publicly available blogs were analyzed to find expressions that demonstrated each of the four components of authentic leadership, which are self-awareness, relational transparency, communication based upon an internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing of information. The research also analyzed blog comments to find expressions that demonstrated followers’ development of the positive psychological capacities of confidence, hope, optimism and resilience. The research points towards a new model of how this group of bloggers helps themselves and their community transit a time of change and uncertainty. The bloggers appear to be delivering positive socio-emotional leadership to similar others. To confirm the model, researchers need to run interviews and surveys with bloggers and commenters

Basics of Facial Transplantation: Surgical Principles and Management of Risks

Facial transplantation offers an alternative approach towards restoring gross facial disfigurement. Since its advent in 2005, the surgical principles have become continually refined depending on the nature of the injury and anatomical requirements posed by the recipients. Owing to the complex nature of the procedure, it bears a number of different risks. These have included graft rejection from alloimmune responses, complications from the effects of immunosuppression and risk of mortality; in addition, there is an inherent predisposition for the development of psychological complications. This chapter outlines the stepwise process of conducting a facial transplantation with emphasis on key surgical principles. It also provides details with case examples of how to minimize complications associated with the procedure

...Bless her little heart! : The Culture of Honor and Emotion Recognition

Author\u27s abstract: Some researchers assert that cultural display rules may explain differences in perceiving emotions (Matsumoto, Yoo, & Chung, 2010). The current study examined the display rule of masking within the Southern culture of honor. It was hypothesized that masking within the culture of honor negatively affects emotion perception sensitivity, particularly in the speed and accuracy of recognizing anger. Southern undergraduate students were primed with the culture of honor and then presented with the Emotional Expression Multimorph Task. Participants chose one of the six emotions (i.e., sad, happy, surprise, fear, disgust, or anger). It was hypothesized participants in the masking and masking/culture of honor prime groups would take significantly longer recognizing emotions than the mimicking/culture of honor prime and mimicking (control) groups. Results indicated an effect of masking on emotion perception, F(1, 77) = 4.16, p = .04, partial η2 = .05, supporting the hypothesis that participants who mask would take significantly longer than the participants who do not mask to correctly identify emotions. The main effect of the culture of honor prime was not significant. Participants were significantly slower at perceiving anger when compared to happiness and surprise. This study further substantiates masking as a display rule and its effects on facial feedback. It was not determined that the culture of honor affects emotion recognition through the mechanism of masking. Future research studies could use more ecologically generalizable variables to determine if masking occurs within the culture of honor

Experience of portraiture in a clinical setting: An artist’s story

In this article the author reflects upon the challenges, rewards and learning he experienced as a portrait painter working on two arts-based research projects in hospitals. He describes how the relationships with the patients and caregivers who sat for their portraits generated new realizations for artist and model. Although initially resistant to the notion of art as research, his profound experiences co-creating with people portrayed, convinced him of the healing values and therapeutic benefits that artistic practices have in abundance. Portraiture, here, served as a bridge that brought the two worlds of art and medicine together