Preventive system against icing of overhead wires

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou ochrany trolejových vedení před vznikem námrazy se zaměřením na chemické ošetření. Úvodní část práce je věnována popisu trolejového vedení a námrazy. Další části uvádí metody prevence proti vzniku námrazy na trolejových vedeních. Zde jsou popsány různé systémy nanášející látky proti vzniku námrazy. Závěrečná část je věnována shrnutí práce a analýze získaných poznatků.This bachelor thesis deals with protection of overhead lines from icing with a focus on chemical treatment. The introductory part of the work focuses on the description of the overhead line and icing. The next part presents methods of prevention against icing on overhead lines. Various anti-icing systems and fluids are described here. The last part focuses on the result of this thesis and analyses the acquired knowledge.

Salt SMART Arbeidsnotat

Hensikten med forsøket er å teste hypotesen om at kjøring på saltet veg fører til et belegg på bildekkene som igjen påvirker friksjonsegenskapene negativt. Notatet beskriver to tester som er utført. Den ene testen ble gjennomført i mars 08 med RoAR friksjonsmåler og et standardisert måledekk. Test nr 2 ble gjennomført i mars 09 med friksjonsmåleren OSCAR og et ordinært piggfritt vinterdekk av typen Yokohama Iceguard. Ingen av testene gir grunnlag for å si at saltet fører til et belegg som gjør at veggrepet forverres ved kjøring på vinterve

Pavement Surface Treatments for Ice-Prone Locations in the Illinois Highway System

This project aims to identify and evaluate effective and durable pavement surface treatments (PSTs) suitable for implementation at Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) ice-prone locations. A user-friendly questionnaire of northern states and international transportation agencies was developed to capture practitioner insights and collect more detailed information about the current practices of using PSTs for ice prevention. A comprehensive review of existing research and agency practices both nationally and internationally in using PSTs for icy/slippery pavement condition prevention was conducted. The review focused on built-in technologies such as the use of highly rough surface texture, slow-release freezing point depressant, or superhydrophobic additive in asphalt pavement, to identify candidate technologies for the project. PSTs have not been widely adopted by state or local agencies, even for select ice-prone locations. None of the PSTs identified and reviewed have demonstrated long-term success or significant enough potential for the Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT) Technical Review Panel to be comfortable with; as such, the project was wrapped up without further laboratory tests and life-cycle analyses. Some of these built-in PST technologies are promising but all of them, other than high friction surface treatment (HFST), are premature at this stage for any field deployment by Illinois. The major concerns stem from their high cost of implementation and potential lack of long-term durability as an effective anti-icing tool. IDOT should consider conducting traffic safety analyses of their high friction surface treatment (HFST) sites, including winter maintenance operations data and winter crash statistics.IDOT-R27-187Ope

Energy smart ice arenas

This project has been regarding the ability to make Ice Arenas more Energy Smart. Using info and data from the A-hall in Gränby, Uppsala, different suggestions to make the arena better has been developed. There has also been taking under consideration whether the solutions are applicable in other Ice arenas in Sweden. The suggestions has focused on minimizing the energy usage, and if there is a realistic investment to install solar panels on the roof of the arena. The project has been based on theoretical studies, calculations, simulations and field trips. The project group has studied different areas of the arena in order to evaluate ways to improve the energy situation for each specific arena. The solutions has then been evaluated based on their respective applicability, energy saving capability, investment cost and payback time. Solutions found to be easy to apply with small investments were installing moving sensors for lights in dressing rooms and corridors and to make sure all doors to the arena are properly sealed. Some of the bigger investments included replacing glass in the windows, installing LED-tubes as light source and installing an airlock at the entrance. One conclusion to be drawn from the project is there are lots of ways to make an ice arena more energy smart, but the most important part is to anchor all the decisions with the working staff. If the new techniques are not properly taught and used, there will not be the required effect.Denna rapport skrivs som en sammanfattande slutrapport för kandidatarbetet ”Energismarta Ishallar” i kursen ”Självständigt arbete i Energisystem”. I projektet har gruppen studerat möjligheten att göra A-hallen i Gränby, Uppsala mer energismart genom att bland annat försöka minska energianvändningen och se över möjligheten att installera solceller. Under projektets gång har flera mindre områden av hallen studerats separat, och förändringsförslag har tagits fram och utvärderats. Projektet har baserats på teoristudier, beräkningar, simuleringar och studiebesök. Varje delområde har hanterats utifrån områdets karaktär. Under projektets gång har delrapporter skrivit och resultaten från dessa har resulterat i denna slutrapport. Gruppen har valt att värdera lösningarna efter hur enkla de är att tillämpa, hur stor energibesparing de skulle innebära, samt investeringskostnaden och återbetalningstiden. Enkla lösningar med kort återbetalning: • Se över samtliga dörrar så att de är ordentligt tätade och inte läcker värme. Detta kan spara upp till 5 000 kWh/år. • Installera rörelsevakter i serviceutrymmen, så som toaletter, omklädningsrum och korridorer. Dessa investeringar har en återbetalningstid på 2-6 år. • Installera en lågstrålningsduk i hallens tak. Detta kommer medföra minskade strålningsförlusterna genom taket. Lösningar som kräver lite större investeringar: • Investera i energifönster för att minska värme och kylläckage. Dessa har en återbetalningstid på cirka 12 år och kan spara cirka 7 000 kWh/år. • Byt ut lysrören mot LED-belysning i befintlig armatur. Detta ger en bättre ljusbild, påverkar isen positivt samt minskar den installerade effekten med 52%. Återbetalningstiden är drygt 2 år, dock ej installation inräknad. • Se till att ingången till hallen är utrustad med en entré som inskar energiläckage, till exempel en luftsluss. Större och mer omständliga lösningar som kräver större investeringar: • Se över hallens värmesystem och överväg att investera i en värmeanläggning som värmer underifrån sätena istället för ovanifrån. Utöver dessa åtgärder har projektet visat att det är viktigt att förankra beslut rörande ny teknik hos de i personalen som kommer jobba med den. Detta då det är viktigt att det finns en kunskap och en vilja att använda den nya tekniken. Det är oväsentligt hur bra en teknik är om den inte används på ett korrekt sätt

Diseño de la planta propulsora de un buque oceanográfico

El objetivo del TFC es proyectar la planta propulsora de un buque oceanográfico. También se proyectarán los sistemas auxiliares a la propulsión tales como sistema de combustible, sistema de arranque por aire comprimido, sistema de refrigeración y sistema de ventilación en cámara de máquinas. Para ello será necesaria la determinación de las dimensiones principales del buque a partir de unas especificaciones y restricciones dadas por el armador, el cálculo de resistencia al avance, dimensionamiento y compartimentado de la cámara de máquinas, disposición de tanques y balance eléctrico del buque. Su interés reside en la particularidad de estos buques, el sistema propulsivo debe estar diseñado para diversas condiciones de navegación y en condiciones climáticas muy adversas. Por tanto, el problema abordado es encontrar el sistema propulsivo lo más fiable y polivalente posible

Understanding Chinese travellers' travel experiences in the UK: a critical analysis of an online community.

This study seeks to deepen our understanding of Chinese travellers’ travel experience and the meanings they derived from their holiday in the UK by critically analysing the largest online travel community in China, namely www.go2eu.com. This is an online community created by travellers themselves, hence the traveller-generated content are rich. Despite the growing importance of Chinese outbound travel market, a qualitative understanding of what it is like to be a Chinese traveller in the UK is still an under-researched area. In addition, with the advancement of Internet technology and the emergence of online communities, our social world has been increasingly influenced by online communities. Using the literature on experiential theory, tourism studies and online cultures, this study offers a qualitative understanding of this phenomenon. This study adopts ethnography to research Chinese travellers’ travel experience in the UK. The main data collection is based on a non-participant netnography in a chosen website www.go2eu.com. It is found that their travel experiences are very diverse. They prefer independent and immersive travel experience. They are interested in knowing about the UK culture, history and how the locals live their lives. They are experience-seekers whose experiences are dotted with moments of imaginative states, emotional responses and culturally rooted meanings. In total, the findings of the study identified five main themes, namely language and self-identity, experience of holiday time, experience of holiday space, bodily feelings and emotions. A key contribution to new knowledge is the offering of rich qualitative insights and a theoretical framework for understanding Chinese travellers’ travel experience in the UK, which can be generalised in future studies. Such qualitative insights can not only be of great value to those designing marketing communication and memorable experiences and precipitates effective tourism management but also useful for academic studies seeking to understand the differences between the behaviour and experiences of travellers from different cultures. As well as their experience of travelling in local tour groups, this study especially offers rich insights about what it is like to be a non-all-inclusive package tourist travelling from developing countries to developed countries. Moreover, this study adds understanding about the experience of holiday time, which is a relatively under-discussed area in the literature. The experience of poetic space and the active aesthetic experience of highest absorption also add new lights to existing tourism literature. Further, this study address the influence of online community plays on Chinese travellers’ self-identities and language, experience of holiday time, holiday space and bodily emotions, which is seldom touched upon. On top of that, the methodology of this study also enriches the newly emerged literature on online qualitative methods