309,001 research outputs found
Towards adaptive multi-robot systems: self-organization and self-adaptation
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The development of complex systems ensembles that operate in uncertain environments is a major challenge. The reason for this is that system designers are not able to fully specify the system during specification and development and before it is being deployed. Natural swarm systems enjoy similar characteristics, yet, being self-adaptive and being able to self-organize, these systems show beneficial emergent behaviour. Similar concepts can be extremely helpful for artificial systems, especially when it comes to multi-robot scenarios, which require such solution in order to be applicable to highly uncertain real world application. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview over state-of-the-art solutions in emergent systems, self-organization, self-adaptation, and robotics. We discuss these approaches in the light of a framework for multi-robot systems and identify similarities, differences missing links and open gaps that have to be addressed in order to make this framework possible
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Centralized vs. decentralized computing : organizational considerations and management options
The long-standing debate over whether to centralize or decentralize computing is examined in terms of the fundamental organizational and economic factors at stake. The traditional debate is examined and found to focus predominantly on issues of efficiency vs. effectiveness, with solutions based on a rationalistic strategy of optimizing in this tradeoff. A more behavioralistic assessment suggests that the driving issues in the debate are the politics of organization and resources, centering on the issue of control. The economics of computing deployment decisions is presented as an important issue, but one that often serves as a field of argument that is based on more political concerns. The current situation facing managers of computing, given the advent of small and comparatively inexpensive computers, is examined in detail, and a set of management options for dealing with this persistent issue is presented
Perspective: Organic electronic materials and devices for neuromorphic engineering
Neuromorphic computing and engineering has been the focus of intense research
efforts that have been intensified recently by the mutation of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT). In fact, new computing solutions and new
hardware platforms are expected to emerge to answer to the new needs and
challenges of our societies. In this revolution, lots of candidates
technologies are explored and will require leveraging of the pro and cons. In
this perspective paper belonging to the special issue on neuromorphic
engineering of Journal of Applied Physics, we focus on the current achievements
in the field of organic electronics and the potentialities and specificities of
this research field. We highlight how unique material features available
through organic materials can be used to engineer useful and promising
bioinspired devices and circuits. We also discuss about the opportunities that
organic electronic are offering for future research directions in the
neuromorphic engineering field
Algorithmic and Statistical Perspectives on Large-Scale Data Analysis
In recent years, ideas from statistics and scientific computing have begun to
interact in increasingly sophisticated and fruitful ways with ideas from
computer science and the theory of algorithms to aid in the development of
improved worst-case algorithms that are useful for large-scale scientific and
Internet data analysis problems. In this chapter, I will describe two recent
examples---one having to do with selecting good columns or features from a (DNA
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) data matrix, and the other having to do with
selecting good clusters or communities from a data graph (representing a social
or information network)---that drew on ideas from both areas and that may serve
as a model for exploiting complementary algorithmic and statistical
perspectives in order to solve applied large-scale data analysis problems.Comment: 33 pages. To appear in Uwe Naumann and Olaf Schenk, editors,
"Combinatorial Scientific Computing," Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, 201
Reflecting on the usability of research on culture in designing interaction
The concept of culture has been attractive to producers of interactive\ud
systems who are willing to design useful and relevant solutions to users\ud
increasingly located in culturally diverse contexts. Despite a substantial body of\ud
research on culture and technology, interaction designers have not always been\ud
able to apply these research outputs to effectively define requirements for\ud
culturally diverse users. This paper frames this issue as one of understanding of\ud
the different paradigms underpinning the cultural models being applied to\ud
interface development and research. Drawing on different social science theories,\ud
the authors discuss top-down and bottom-up perspectives in the study of users‟\ud
cultural differences and discuss the extent to which each provides usable design\ud
knowledge. The case is made for combining bottom-up and top-down perspectives\ud
into a sociotechnical approach that can produce knowledge useful and usable by\ud
interaction designers. This is illustrated with a case study about the design of\ud
interactive systems for farmers in rural Kenya
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