Managing Data Replication and Distribution in the Fog with FReD

The heterogeneous, geographically distributed infrastructure of fog computing poses challenges in data replication, data distribution, and data mobility for fog applications. Fog computing is still missing the necessary abstractions to manage application data, and fog application developers need to re-implement data management for every new piece of software. Proposed solutions are limited to certain application domains, such as the IoT, are not flexible in regard to network topology, or do not provide the means for applications to control the movement of their data. In this paper, we present FReD, a data replication middleware for the fog. FReD serves as a building block for configurable fog data distribution and enables low-latency, high-bandwidth, and privacy-sensitive applications. FReD is a common data access interface across heterogeneous infrastructure and network topologies, provides transparent and controllable data distribution, and can be integrated with applications from different domains. To evaluate our approach, we present a prototype implementation of FReD and show the benefits of developing with FReD using three case studies of fog computing applications

The impact of security and privacy issues on data management in fog Computing

With the increased growth of the application domains of IoT and the associated volumes of data generation, IoT systems are complicated and have small storage and recycling capacity. The cloud, a primary IoT storage medium with countless benefits, is not ideal for processing real time IoT data without delays. Capacity of data generated by IoTs keep increasing rampantly with associated security risks and privacy-preserving problems. Therefore, privacy maintenance, confidentiality and integrity of user’s data, improved latency and bandwidth restrictions are some of the major respective challenges of cloud computing. Fog computing is therefore a novel paradigm and an extension of the cloud. Which aims to improve cloud efficiency by enabling IoTs to locally process data before cloud transmission. However, some of the issues present in cloud such as the establishment of connection between edge devices often raise security and privacy concerns are also inherent in fog. The goal of this study, however, is to look at the state of data management security and privacy in a fog computing environment by reviewing existing security frameworks and data privacy procedures. This study lays bare the security vulnerabilities that exist inside the fog environment, creating hazards to user data privacy and security, and in lieu of that, this study incorporates features of data in addition to the acquired facts and statistics. Privacy-preservation is key to the continued use of services within the context of internet usage, as a result respondents indicated that they were experienced internet users who have been using the internet and its associated resources for various purposes, however respondents neither agreed nor disagreed with the possibility of the tracking or monitoring of their usage of the internet. The perception of respondents influenced the usage of the internet and various computing devices

Modern Applications in Optics and Photonics: From Sensing and Analytics to Communication

Optics and photonics are among the key technologies of the 21st century, and offer potential for novel applications in areas such as sensing and spectroscopy, analytics, monitoring, biomedical imaging/diagnostics, and optical communication technology. The high degree of control over light fields, together with the capabilities of modern processing and integration technology, enables new optical measurement systems with enhanced functionality and sensitivity. They are attractive for a range of applications that were previously inaccessible. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of some of the most advanced application areas in optics and photonics and indicate the broad potential for the future