Analysis of Quality of Service Assurance in Wireless Networks

Tato práce se věnuje především možnostem zajištění kvality služeb a realizaci mobility v bezdrátových sítích. Zabývá se především možnostmi standardu IEEE 802.11e, využitelností protokolu Mobile IPv4 a počítačovou simulací jejich vzájemné součinnosti v prostředí OPNET Modeleru 12.0. V první části je představen standard IEEE 802.11e, který je nejprve z teoretického hlediska rozebrán. Následuje podrobný popis standardu IEEE 802.11e, jeho jednotlivých součástí a možností implementace pokročilých technologií přístupu k médiu, které standard obsahuje. V této části jsou stručně nastíněny i jednotlivé výhody a nevýhody původních přístupových metod bezdrátových sítí standardů IEEE 802.11. Další část práce se zabývá teoretickým rozborem zajišťování mobility v IP sítích a implementací mobility v jednotlivých vrstvách modelu ISO/OSI. Dále je zde představen protokol Mobile IPv4, který mobilitu v IP sítích realizuje. Je zde uveden princip tohoto protokolu, představeny jeho jednotlivé součásti a síťová architektura. V další části je na základě teoretických poznatků v prostředí simulačního nástroje OPNET Modeler zkoumán vliv implementace standardu IEEE 802.11e na vybrané statistiky bezdrátové lokální sítě. Dále je sledován vliv zátěže v síti a jsou zde diskutovány modifikace standardu pro dosažení optimálních výsledků. Poslední část se věnuje počítačové simulaci protokolu Mobile IPv4 v bezdrátových sítích. Dále je do funkčního modelu sítě implementována podpora standardu IEEE 802.11e a je zkoumána vzájemná součinnost obou technologií a případný výskyt jakýchkoli problémů. Pro porovnání je zde v prostředí OPNET Modeleru simulována i mobilita založená pouze na linkové vrstvě.This Bachelor thesis deals especially with possibilities of quality of service assurance and mobility implementation in wireless networks. It deals primarily with the possibilities of the IEEE 802.11e standard, with the applicability of the Mobile IPv4 protocol and with the computer simulation of their mutual coactions in the OPNET Modeler 12.0 environment. In the first part of the thesis the standard IEEE 802.11e is first of all analysed from the theoretical point of view. It is followed by the detailed description of the IEEE 802.11e standard, its individual parts and implementation possibilities of advanced technologies of the access to the medium which are included in the standard. In this part even the individual advantages and disadvantages of the original access methods of wireless networks of IEEE 802.11 standards are briefly outlined. Further part of this work deals with the theoretical analysis of mobility service assurance in the IP networks and with the mobility implementation in individual layers of the ISO/OSI models. Then the Mobile IPv4 protocol is presented here that carries out the mobility in the IP networks. The principle of this protocol is mentioned here and its individual components and the network architecture are presented. In the next part, on the basis of theoretical pieces of knowledge in the environment of the OPNET Modeler simulation tool the effect of the standard IEEE 802.11e implementation is examined on the selected statistics of the wireless local network. Furthermore the effect of the load in the network is followed up and standard modifications are discussed here to reach optimum results. The last part deals with the computer simulation of the Mobile IPv4 protocol in the wireless networks. Then the support of the IEEE 802.11e standard is implemented into the functioning network model and the reciprocal coactions of both technologies and a possible appearance of any problems are examined. For comparison, it is here in the OPNET Modeler environment even the mobility simulated which is based solely on the link layer.

Queue utilization with hop based enhanced arbitrary inter frame spacing MAC for saturated ad HOC networks

© 2015 IEEE. Path length of a multi hop Ad Hoc networks has an adverse impact on the end-to-end throughput especially during network saturation. The success rate of forwarding packets towards destination is limited due to interference, contention, limited buffer space, and bandwidth. Real time applications streaming data fill the buffer space at a faster rate at the source and its nearby forwarding nodes since the channel is shared. The aim of this paper is to increase the success rate of forwarding the packets to yield a higher end-to-end throughput. In order to reduce loss of packets due to buffer overflow and enhance the performance of the network for a saturated network, a novel MAC protocol named Queue Utilization with Hop Based Enhanced Arbitrary Inter Frame Spacing based (QU-EAIFS) MAC is proposed for alleviating the problems in saturated Ad Hoc networks. The protocol prioritises the nodes based on its queue utilization and hops travelled by the packet and it helps achieving higher end-toend performance by forwarding the packets with higher rate towards the destination during network saturation. The proposed MAC enhances the end-to-end performance by approximately 40% and 34% for a 5hop and 6hop communication respectively in a chain topology as compared to the standard IEEE802.11b. The performance of the new MAC also outperforms the performance of IEEE 802.11e MAC. In order to validate the protocol, it is also tested with short hops and varying packet sizes and more realistic random topologies

A Dynamic Multimedia User-Weight Classification Scheme for IEEE_802.11 WLANs

In this paper we expose a dynamic traffic-classification scheme to support multimedia applications such as voice and broadband video transmissions over IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Obviously, over a Wi-Fi link and to better serve these applications - which normally have strict bounded transmission delay or minimum link rate requirement - a service differentiation technique can be applied to the media traffic transmitted by the same mobile node using the well-known 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol. However, the given EDCA mode does not offer user differentiation, which can be viewed as a deficiency in multi-access wireless networks. Accordingly, we propose a new inter-node priority access scheme for IEEE 802.11e networks which is compatible with the EDCA scheme. The proposed scheme joins a dynamic user-weight to each mobile station depending on its outgoing data, and therefore deploys inter-node priority for the channel access to complement the existing EDCA inter-frame priority. This provides efficient quality of service control across multiple users within the same coverage area of an access point. We provide performance evaluations to compare the proposed access model with the basic EDCA 802.11 MAC protocol mode to elucidate the quality improvement achieved for multimedia communication over 802.11 WLANs.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC

Setting the parameters right for two-hop IEEE 802.11e ad hoc networks

Two-hop ad-hoc networks, in which some nodes forward traffic for multiple sources, with which they also compete for channel access suffer from large queues building up in bottleneck nodes. This problem can often be alleviated by using IEEE 802.11e to give preferential treatment to bottleneck nodes. Previous results have shown that differentiation parameters can be used to allocate capacity in a more efficient way in the two-hop scenario. However, the overall throughput of the bottleneck may differ considerably, depending on the differentiation method used. By applying a very fast and accurate analysis method, based on steady-state analysis of an QBD-type infinite Markov chain, we find the maximum throughput that is possible per differentiation parameter. All possible parameter settings are explored with respect to the maximum throughput conditioned on a maximum buffer occupancy. This design space exploration cannot be done with network simulators like NS2 or Opnet, as each simulation run simply takes to long.\ud The results, which have been validated by detailed simulations, show that by differentiating TXOP it is possible to achieve a throughput that is about 50% larger than when differentiating AIFS and CW_min.\u

Providing Dynamic TXOP for QoS Support of Video Transmission in IEEE 802.11e WLANs

The IEEE 802.11e standard introduced by IEEE 802.11 Task Group E (TGe) enhances the Quality of Service (QoS) by means of HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA). The scheduler of HCCA allocates Transmission Opportunities (TXOPs) to QoS-enabled Station (QSTA) based on their TS Specifications (TSPECs) negotiated at the traffic setup time so that it is only efficient for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) applications. However, Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffics are not efficiently supported as they exhibit nondeterministic profile during the time. In this paper, we present a dynamic TXOP assignment Scheduling Algorithm for supporting the video traffics transmission over IEEE 802.11e wireless networks. This algorithm uses a piggybacked information about the size of the subsequent video frames of the uplink traffic to assist the Hybrid Coordinator accurately assign the TXOP according to the fast changes in the VBR profile. The proposed scheduling algorithm has been evaluated using simulation with different variability level video streams. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the delay experienced by VBR traffic streams comparable to HCCA scheduler due to the accurate assignment of the TXOP which preserve the channel time for transmission.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1602.0369

Real-Time Misbehavior Detection in IEEE 802.11e Based WLANs

The Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) specification in the IEEE 802.11e standard supports heterogeneous backoff parameters and arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS), which makes a selfish node easy to manipulate these parameters and misbehave. In this case, the network-wide fairness cannot be achieved any longer. Many existing misbehavior detectors, primarily designed for legacy IEEE 802.11 networks, become inapplicable in such a heterogeneous network configuration. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time hybrid-share (HS) misbehavior detector for IEEE 802.11e based wireless local area networks (WLANs). The detector keeps updating its state based on every successful transmission and makes detection decisions by comparing its state with a threshold. We develop mathematical analysis of the detector performance in terms of both false positive rate and average detection rate. Numerical results show that the proposed detector can effectively detect both contention window based and AIFS based misbehavior with only a short detection window.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Globecom 201

Throughput Analysis Model for IEEE 802.11e EDCA with Multiple Access Categories

IEEE 802.11e standard has been specified to support differentiated quality of service (QoS), one of the critical issues on the conventional IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is the fundamental and mandatory contention-based channel access method of IEEE 802.11e, and delivers traffic based on differentiated Access Categories (ACs). A general three dimensional Markov chain model of IEEE 802.11e EDCA for performance analysis is proposed in this paper. The analytical model considers multiple stations with an arbitrary number of different ACs. It also differentiates the contention window (CW) sizes and the arbitration interframe spaces (AIFSs), and considers virtual collision mechanism. Based on the model, the saturation throughput of EDCA is derived, and the accuracy of the proposed model is validated via simulations

Dynamic Queue Utilization Based MAC for multi-hop Ad Hoc networks

The end-to-end throughput in single flow multi-hop Ad Hoc networks decays rapidly with path length. Along the path, the success rate of delivering packets towards the destination decreases due to higher contention, interference, limited buffer size and limited shared bandwidth constraints. In such environments the queues fill up faster in nodes closer to the source than in the nodes nearer the destination. In order to reduce buffer overflow and improve throughput for a saturated network, this paper introduces a new MAC protocol named Dynamic Queue Utilization Based Medium Access Control (DQUB-MAC). The protocol aims to prioritise access to the channel for queues with higher utilization and helps in achieving higher throughput by rapidly draining packets towards the destination. The proposed MAC enhances the performance of an end-to-end data flow by up to 30% for a six hop transmission in a chain topology and is demonstrated to remain competitive for other network topologies and for a variety of packet sizes