4,167 research outputs found
Efficient protection of the pipeline core for safety-critical processor-based systems
The increasing number of safety-critical commercial
applications has generated a need for components with high
levels of reliability. As CMOS process sizes continue to shrink,
the reliability of ICs is negatively affected since they become
more sensitive to transient faults. New circuit designs must take
this fact into consideration, and incorporate adequate protection
against the effects of transient faults. This paper presents a
novel method for protecting the pipelined execution unit of an
embedded processor. It is based on a self-configured architecture
with hybrid redundancy that can mask single and multiple
errors, which can occur on storage elements due to transient
or permanent faults. This concept can be easily applied to any
processing architecture of this nature with a high safety integrity
level. Results from error-injection experiments are also reported
that show that this design can maintain a non-interrupted and
failure-free operation under single and double errors with a
probability that exceeds 99.4%
Germanium-doped silicon (SIGE) as a material for the manufacture of power semiconductor devices resistant to secondary cosmic radiation
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ GaAs, GaN, SiC, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.The problem of unpredictable failure of power semiconductor devices can be solved by using technologies that increase their radiation resistance. The use of single crystals of germanium doped silicon slows down the degradation of the characteristics of devices when exposed to ionizing radiation, which is an alternative to scarce and expensive GaAs, GaN, SiC, used for these purposes. The impact of secondary cosmic radiation maybe responsible for the degradation of the electrophysical parameters of silicon single crystals during their long-term storage, as well as for the decrease in the operating efficiency of semiconductor solar energy converters
NSSDC Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies for Space and Earth Science Applications, volume 1
Papers and viewgraphs from the conference are presented. This conference served as a broad forum for the discussion of a number of important issues in the field of mass storage systems. Topics include magnetic disk and tape technologies, optical disks and tape, software storage and file management systems, and experiences with the use of a large, distributed storage system. The technical presentations describe, among other things, integrated mass storage systems that are expected to be available commercially. Also included is a series of presentations from Federal Government organizations and research institutions covering their mass storage requirements for the 1990's
Cluster-Based Load Balancing Algorithms for Grids
E-science applications may require huge amounts of data and high processing
power where grid infrastructures are very suitable for meeting these
requirements. The load distribution in a grid may vary leading to the
bottlenecks and overloaded sites. We describe a hierarchical dynamic load
balancing protocol for Grids. The Grid consists of clusters and each cluster is
represented by a coordinator. Each coordinator first attempts to balance the
load in its cluster and if this fails, communicates with the other coordinators
to perform transfer or reception of load. This process is repeated
periodically. We analyze the correctness, performance and scalability of the
proposed protocol and show from the simulation results that our algorithm
balances the load by decreasing the number of high loaded nodes in a grid
environment.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures; International Journal of Computer Networks,
volume3, number 5, 201
Study of the effects of SEU-induced faults on a pipeline protected microprocessor
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the behavior of a novel fault-tolerant 32-bit embedded CPU as compared to a
default (non-fault-tolerant) implementation of the same processor during a fault injection campaign of single and double faults. The
fault-tolerant processor tested is characterized by per-cycle voting of microarchitectural and the flop-based architectural states,
redundancy at the pipeline level, and a distributed voting scheme. Its fault-tolerant behavior is characterized for three different
workloads from the automotive application domain. The study proposes statistical methods for both the single and dual fault injection
campaigns and demonstrates the fault-tolerant capability of both processors in terms of fault latencies, the probability of fault
manifestation, and the behavior of latent faults
SpiNNaker: Fault tolerance in a power- and area- constrained large-scale neuromimetic architecture
AbstractSpiNNaker is a biologically-inspired massively-parallel computer designed to model up to a billion spiking neurons in real-time. A full-fledged implementation of a SpiNNaker system will comprise more than 105 integrated circuits (half of which are SDRAMs and half multi-core systems-on-chip). Given this scale, it is unavoidable that some components fail and, in consequence, fault-tolerance is a foundation of the system design. Although the target application can tolerate a certain, low level of failures, important efforts have been devoted to incorporate different techniques for fault tolerance. This paper is devoted to discussing how hardware and software mechanisms collaborate to make SpiNNaker operate properly even in the very likely scenario of component failures and how it can tolerate system-degradation levels well above those expected
2D Parity Product Code for TSV online fault correction and detection
Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) is one of the most promising technologies to realize 3D Integrated Circuits (3D-ICs).Β Β However, the reliability issues due to the low yield rates and the sensitivity to thermal hotspots and stress issues are preventing TSV-based 3D-ICs from being widely and efficiently used. To enhance the reliability of TSV connections, using error correction code to detect and correct faults automatically has been demonstrated as a viable solution.This paper presents a 2D Parity Product Code (2D-PPC) for TSV fault-tolerance with the ability to correct one fault and detect, at least, two faults.Β Β In an implementation of 64-bit data and 81-bit codeword, 2D-PPC can detect over 71 faults, on average. Its encoder and decoder decrease the overall latency by 38.33% when compared to the Single Error Correction Double Error Detection code.Β Β In addition to the high detection rates, the encoder can detect 100% of its gate failures, and the decoder can detect and correct around 40% of its individual gate failures. The squared 2D-PPC could be extended using orthogonal Latin square to support extra bit correction
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