The institutional perspective on outward foreign direct investment from China: the relationship between the government and firms

China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has increased considerably in the last few decades. The development of China's OFDI has distinct features, in particular the fact that the major investors undertaking large-scale deals are state-owned enterprises. However, they have few competitive advantages compared with their international counterparts. As mainstream theories have difficulty in providing a reasonable explanation of China's OFDI, this thesis analyses the Chinese government's home country measures (HCMs) and their effects on OFDI, contributing to the understanding of the institutional analysis in international business. Based on the analyses of26 key policies and regulations, the Chinese government's role as a supervisor to examine and approve OFDI activities is addressed, as well its role as a promoter to support the Chinese enterprises' investment in the international economy. Regarding the administration, regulations for examining and approving the OFDI projects have been relaxed, which supports the improvement of OFDI. However, the outcomes of post-investment monitoring and extraterritorial controls are under question. The Chinese government supports OFDI largely by means of special funds and preferential loans issued by the institutions and banks. Additionally, China's OFDI information system primarily functions to provide data and information for policy formulation and complement the financial support. Employing data of 50 largest Chinese business groups ranked by overseas assets, their overseas subsidiaries and cross-border mergers and acquisitions, it is understood that their motivation for undertaking OFDI is to address their competitive disadvantages rather than to exploit their competitive advantages. The case studies of Chinalco's investment in Rio Tinto and Geely's acquisition of Volvo provide insights into the relationship between the Chinese government and investors. Rather than fully compromising the government's national planning, the Chinese enterprises take their corporate interests as priority during the OFDI progress. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the convergence between the nation and the enterprises' interests rather than the institutional factor alone has contributed to China's OFDI

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021

This open access book is the proceedings of the International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT)’s 28th Annual International eTourism Conference, which assembles the latest research presented at the ENTER21@yourplace virtual conference January 19–22, 2021. This book advances the current knowledge base of information and communication technologies and tourism in the areas of social media and sharing economy, technology including AI-driven technologies, research related to destination management and innovations, COVID-19 repercussions, and others. Readers will find a wealth of state-of-the-art insights, ideas, and case studies on how information and communication technologies can be applied in travel and tourism as we encounter new opportunities and challenges in an unpredictable world

Chinese Women and the Cyberspace

This volume examines how Chinese women negotiate the Internet as a research tool and a strategy for the acquisition of information, as well as for social networking purposes. Offering insight into the complicated creation of a female Chinese cybercommunity, Chinese Women and the Cyberspace discusses the impact of increasingly available Internet technology on the life and lifestyle of Chinese women-examining larger issues of how women become both masters of their electronic domain and the objects of exploitation in a faceless online world. University of Hong Kong

Political news construction in post-authoritarian Indonesia: citizen journalism in online news media during the 2017 election

This study was conducted in the response to the lack of empirical study of citizen journalism (CJ) within an online journalistic field in a newly democratic country. This study adopts Bourdieu’s (1998, 2005) field theory, the social theory of journalism of McQuail (2013) and McCombs’ (2014) agenda-setting theory to understand the “struggle" of the legacy media in defending its position within society as the mediator of political communication. It utilises parallel convergent mixed-methods with qualitative data is collected based on an ethnographical study of three major Indonesian online news media outlets. It analysed 33 media staffs interview results about news production during the 2017 Indonesian election. Meanwhile, the quantitative data was generated from published political news content during January- March 2017. The analysis of data shows that CJ put pressure on the journalistic fields so that journalists made efforts to maintain their status quo. Journalists are adapting their journalistic norms and traditions so as to defend their position in dominating political communication and influencing public opinion. This study argues that the online news media are engaged three areas of struggle; that is struggles to find a business model, to be equally recognised as offering quality journalism, and to compete with non-professional journalists. This study provides an original contribution to research on journalism in explaining the development of CJ in the Indonesian context both theoretically and empirically

The determinants of internet financial reporting: a study of 80 companies listed on the JSE

A research report submitted by in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce University of the Witwatersrand September 2017The World Wide Web has developed rapidly over the past few years. It has provided a user-friendly platform for companies to disclose their financial information. However, as this disclosure is largely voluntary, the question arises as to what drives companies to disclose their information on their websites voluntarily. Prior research in developed countries tests the influence of certain company characteristics on internet financial reporting. This research report tries to shed light on the determinants of internet financial reporting in the South African context. 80 companies which are listed on the JSE were selected, and the characteristics of each company’s website was thoroughly inspected against an internet financial reporting checklist. Based on the results of the checklist, each company`s website was given a score. This internet financial reporting score was considered as the dependent variable. Six company characteristics were used as independent variables to explain the internet financial reporting score. These were: company size, profitability, block ownership, systematic risk, dual-listing and SRI rating. It was found that company size, dual-listing and SRI rating has a correlation with a company’s likelihood of reporting their financial results online. On the other hand, no correlation was found between profitability, block ownership or systematic risk and a company’s internet financial reporting score. This research was limited to 80 companies listed on the JSE, and was based as a point in time study. Future research can be extended to a larger sample over various stock exchanges, and also over a period of time to consider the trends in disclosure. This study contributes to international literature on the topic and also initiates this field of research in South Africa. This research is intended to assist companies in their voluntary disclosure practices and at the same time assists regulators in considering the need for regulating internet reporting practices.MT 201

EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2008

The EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook publishes papers, reports, and information materials addressing wide spectrum of pertinent issues of regional integration, in particular its economic and institutional aspects, the theories of regional integration, and relevant integrational experience.regional integration, economic integration, post-Soviet space, CIS

Echoes of SoHo

Formed by the London Community Foundation (LCF), the Vision SoHo Alliance is a partnership between six non-profit housing developers, which includes Chelsea Green Home Society, Homes Unlimited, Indwell, Residenza Affordable Housing, London Affordable Housing Foundation, and Zerin Development Corporation. Vision SoHo Alliance will create 650-unit apartments, of which 30-60% will be affordable units, in seven buildings on the former South Street Victoria Hospital property. Most buildings will be located on the block bounded by Waterloo, South, Colborne, and Hill streets. Another building will be constructed at the northeast corner of South and Colborne. Indwell purchased the former Faculty of Medicine building and War Memorial Children’s Hospital to be redeveloped as housing and designated as heritage buildings under the Ontario Heritage Act. The Vision SoHo Alliance tasked Western’s MA Public History Program with researching and compiling stories of St. David’s Ward, now known as the South of Horton, or SoHo neighbourhood (bounded by the Canadian National Railway and Adelaide Street with the Thames River acting as a natural south-west barrier), the former Western Faculty of Medicine building (1921), and the War Memorial Children’s Hospital (1922). This research included orally interviewing Londoners who had or have ties to the SoHo area. This is in effort to preserve the history of one of the oldest and most culturally diverse area in London, and which changed demographically following the medical school moving to Western’s main campus in 1965, the closing of War Memorial in 1985, and of Victoria Hospital in 2013. Western’s MA Public History Program plans to use the compiled research and recordings to curate a digitally interactive outdoor exhibit installed in the green spaces of the Alliance’s property, which will highlight the significance of the neighbourhood and the area’s medical history. The goals of this report are to: • Document the history of the SoHo area, including Indigenous presence, immigration, and neighbourhood culture; • Create a thematic historical overview of the neighbourhood, the medical school, and War Memorial Children’s Hospital; • Compile associated stories, memories, and photographs provided by the public