ANTICIPATING THE MNEMONIC SHIFT: ORGANIZATIONAL REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING IN 2001

Following a review of prior work, the paper presents a model of organizational memory. Relying on structuration theory for its development, the model overcomes some of the problematic dualisms of conventional approaches (i.e., subjecUobject, social/technical, abstract/concrete). According to the model, co-memory (for collective memory) consists of rules and resources that recursively mediate both interactivity and structure in organizations. The model provides the basis for a taxonomy of existing and projected IT-based co-memory systems. Four classes of co-memory systems are described: transactional, managerial, strategic, and team. An analysis of driving trends concerning people, structure, and technology is used to project four scenarios for organizations in 2001: bureaucracy, factory, affiliation, and infocracy. Co-memory systems that can be expected in each scenario are discussed. Predictions indicate that a mnemonic s

Capital as Artificial Intelligence

This article examines science-fictional allegorizations of Soviet-style planned economies, financial markets, autonomous trading algorithms, and global capitalism writ large as nonhuman artificial intelligences, focussing primarily on American science fiction of the Cold War period. Key fictional texts discussed include Star Trek, Isaac Asimov\u27s Machine stories, Terminator, Kurt Vonnegut\u27s Player Piano (1952), Charles Stross\u27s Accelerando (2005), and the short stories of Philip K. Dick. The final section of the article discusses Kim Stanley Robinson\u27s novel 2312 (2012) within the contemporary political context of accelerationist anticapitalism, whose advocates propose working with “the machines” rather than against them

De la neuroética al neo-romanticismo. La respuesta de Aldous Huxley a las propuestas actuales para la regulación ética y legal de la neurociencia

The neuroethics field emerged in the early 2000s in an effort to face important philosophical dilemmas and anticipate disruptive social changes linked to the use of neurotechnology (Safire, 2002). From very early on, this field grew out of two core issues, namely inquiries into the ethics of neuroscience –concerning the moral use of knowledge and technology– and inquiries into the neuroscience of ethics –on how new brain function evidence can change human self-understanding (Roskies 2002). Similarly, neurolaw is now on a parallel path with two main pillars as Chandler (2018) suggested, (1) “self-reflexive inquiry” (the neuroscience of law) and (2) “inquiry into the development and use of brain science and technologies” (the law of neuroscience). In this paper, I suggest that these two lines of research are still excessively disconnected from one another and, to support this claim, I analyze the three potential point-of-no-return risks that Aldous Huxley associated with technological challenges, namely centralization of power, bureaucratic alienation, and scientific idealism. In addition, I show how Huxley shifted analysis of technological problems from a focus on the rights of potential victims to the duties of potential aggressors. Finally, I argue that Aldous Huxley’s view on how to build a bridge that brings pillars 1) and 2) closer together also helps prevent the technological point-of-no-return. According to Huxley, the key is found in paying particular attention to understanding contemplative activity, reinforcing its role in the study of reality, and, eventually, returning the romantic gaze updated to academia.El campo de la neuroética surge a principios de la década de 2000 en un esfuerzo por enfrentar dilemas filosóficos relevantes y anticipar cambios sociales disruptivos vinculados al uso de la neurotecnología (Safire, 2002). Desde muy pronto, este campo fue constituido en torno a dos cuestiones centrales, a saber, las investigaciones sobre la ética de la neurociencia –en relación con el uso moral del conocimiento y la tecnología– y las investigaciones sobre la neurociencia de la ética –sobre cómo la nueva evidencia de la función cerebral puede cambiar la autocomprensión humana (Roskies 2002)–. De manera similar, el campo del neuroderecho se encuentra ahora en un camino paralelo y, como señala Chandler (2018), se asienta en dos pilares principales: (1) “la indagación autorreflexiva” (la neurociencia del derecho) y (2) “la indagación sobre el desarrollo y uso del cerebro ciencia y tecnologías” (la ley de la neurociencia). En este artículo, sugiero que estas dos líneas de investigación todavía están excesivamente desconectadas entre sí y, para respaldar esta afirmación, analizo los tres riesgos potenciales de punto de no retorno que Aldous Huxley asocia a los desafíos tecnológicos, a saber, la centralización de poder, la alienación burocrática y el idealismo científico. Además, muestro cómo Huxley cambia el enfoque habitual: traslada el análisis de los derechos de las potenciales víctimas al análisis de los deberes de los potenciales agresores. Finalmente, sostengo que la visión de Aldous Huxley sobre cómo construir un puente que acerque los pilares 1) y 2) también ayudaría a prevenir el punto de no retornotecnológico. Según Huxley, la clave está en comprender mejor la actividad contemplativa, en reforzar su papel en el estudio de la realidad y, finalmente, en devolver una renovada visión romántica a la academia.Filosofí

HyperTools for HyperTexts: Supporting Readers of Electronic documents

The most important factor determining the usability of electronic documents (e.g. hypertexts) is neither the set of links within the material nor the structure of the database but the availability hypertools defined as a vast range of electronic tools to support a diversity of reading activities. To illustrate this point, an analysis is undertaken of reading done for the purpose of using the information within a document to assist in tasks involving planning, decision making, and problem solving. Secondly, many readers start with the goals of finding, comparing, and evaluating information. Tools can help them realize these goals by supporting the activities of searching, collecting, and manipulating information. Other tools help people explore task requirements, enable them to preplan details of their interaction with the text, enhance their use of other tools, and optimize their screen-based working environment. It is argued that the support available for people working with electronic texts will not only offer many of of the functions available to readers of printed text, but electronic tools will also offer functionality that has no close counterpart in printed media. Consequently, hypertools will change the way readers do familiar tasks and facilitate tasks which are exceedingly difficult to accomplish when working with information on paper. (Also cross-referenced as CAR-TR-675

Philosophical fables for ecological thinking : resisting environmental catastrophe within the Anthropocene

This central premise of this thesis is that philosophical fables can be used to address the challenges that have not been adequately accounted for in post-Kantian philosophy that have contributed to environmental precarity, which we only have a narrow window of opportunity to learn to appreciate and respond to. Demonstrating that fables may bring to philosophy the means to cultivate the wisdom that Immanuel Kant described as crucial for the development of judgement in the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), I argue that the philosophical fable marks an underutilised resource at our disposal, which requires both acknowledgment and defining. Philosophical fables, I argue, can act as ‘go-carts of judgement’, preventing us from entrenching damaging patterns that helped degree paved the way for us to find ourselves in a state of wholescale environmental crisis, through failing adequately to consider the multifarious effects of anthropogenic change. This work uses the theme of ‘catastrophe’, applied to ecological thinking and environmental crises, to examine and compare two thinker poets, Giacomo Leopardi and Donna Haraway, both of whom use fables to undertake philosophical critique. It will address a gap in scholarship, which has failed to adequately consider how fables might inform philosophy, as reflected in the lack of definition of the ‘philosophical fable’. This is compounded by the difficulty theorists have found in agreeing on a definition of the fable in the more general sense. I attend to this gap through an examination of Leopardi and Haraway’s thinking that considers their contributions to ecological thought. Throughout, I will assess the strengths and weaknesses of what I will show to be their philosophical fabulation. I compare how the ideas of each thinker can be brought to bear on the other, which has not previously been done, despite the shared foundations of some of the ideas of Leopardi and Haraway, including their philosophical resilience and commitment, which rests upon a shared view of the urgency of the need for change. The work I undertake in my two case studies will allow me to show that, despite the thinkers’ shared appreciation for the fable’s capacity to guide philosophy and their shared foundations, their work ultimately moves in two different directions. This I argue, reveals the potential for significant difference within the genre of the philosophical fable, which I suggest highlights that the form is best considered as a form of practice. Such a practice, I argue, harbours a commitment to having the courage to use our own understandings that Kant advocates in his 1784 essay "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?"

Maturity model to position and orient organizations through the process automation implementation

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Science and Advanced Analytics, specialization in Business AnalyticsNowadays, companies are seeking for processes done with a zero error rate enhancing their service quality, while the demand for costs reduction and speed is also increasing. For these reasons, the value of Artificial Intelligence is raising, namely in the area of optimization and processes automation. These concepts lead to a hot topic: Hyperautomation, which aims to achieve an environment where machines are working together with each other or alongside human employees. However, it is not clear what does the introduction of intelligence means in processes. Previous studies have defined maturity models regarding Business Process Management or Industry 4.0, but there is a gap in this topic for the automation area. The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) was applied to build a Maturity Model that can help position and orient organizations through the process automation implementation. The model aims to be a framework where the companies can rely to be successful in the journey of automating and optimizing business processes not only by understanding their position but also finding the actions needed to improve. Thus, the Maturity Model incorporates a taxonomy to classify each level as well as a description of what each level represents. Additionally, the proposed Maturity Model provides an evaluation framework

Digital transformation and internationalization process: case studies analysis of italian companies.

Nowadays it is essential to understand the digital transformation and all the technologies at the basis of them, in order to interpret the change and to use technology as an enhanced tool to obtein a competitive advantage in the models of doing the business of companies. In this contest, this dissertation seeks to understand the relationship between digital transformation and the internazionalization process of italian companies

Theology & technology: An Exploration of their relationship with special reference to the work of Albert Borgmann and intelligent transportation systems

This thesis summarizes a large body of literature concerning the sociology, рhilosophy, and history of technology and the specific set of technologies concerned with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It considers technologies of various kinds within the Old and New Testaments and how technology has been understood and occasionally discussed by contemporary theologians. Intelligent Transportation Systems are a very prominent area of modem technologies that will shape the future of society in profound ways. The overall field of ITS is described and then a specific case study concerning a set of automated highway systems applications within three states and two large national parks within the United States is presented. The case study then provides a backdrop to explore specific ways in which theology might engage in a conversation with intelligent transportation systems specifically and technology more generally. Since theologians have written relatively little about technology, we draw upon the work of a leading philosopher of technology who is informed by his Christian commitments, Albert Borgmaim. The extensive philosophy of Bergmann about technology and the character of contemporary life is described. Various considerations about how to create, foster, and maintain a sustained dialogue between disparate intellectual traditions and disciplines are suggested. This includes attention to goals for dialogue, respective strengths that various parties bring to the conversation, and the willingness to hear and learn from the other. A framework to categorize interactions between theology and technology is introduced. Borgmann's ideas, coupled with those of other theologians and philosophers are then applied to the case study. The worth of this approach is then assessed in light of what theologians might contribute to discussion and decision-making about technological systems and devices facing toward the future. Consideration is also given to what technology might contribute to the theological enterprise. The investigation demonstrates the importance of such dialogues and the viability of initiating them

Cultural Technology and Sporting Value: A Philosophical Investigation

Few people would dispute that today’s world is highly technological. But what do we mean when we talk of ‘technology’, and is it possible to quantify its effect on human beings? This thesis considers the relationship between technology and humanity as being one of symbiosis - we shape our tools and in turn, our tools shape us. The nature of this relationship is described by ‘essentialist’ critics of technology as narrowing the focus of human endeavour towards a technological value-set dominated by efficiency, to the detriment of other values important to the human animal. Sport provides an excellent framework for examining the impact of technology defined in this way, as it is a ubiquitous and highly technological arena. If it can be plausibly argued that an increasingly technological and performance-centred approach to sport is detrimental to an holistic understanding of sport’s potential to benefit both the individual and society as a whole, it may be the case that sport provides accessible and irrefutable evidence for the truth of the essentialists’ claims regarding the impact on society of technology writ large. This thesis presents such an argument. Furthermore, if we grant the essentialist critics their contention and admit the impossibility of returning to an ‘untechnological’ world, we have to find some way of restoring and maintaining an holistic existence in the face of the restricted value-set imposed by our technology and our interactions with it. To this end, the latter part of this thesis promotes ‘metaphysical’ sporting values (freedom, self-affirmation and beautiful, harmonious action) as a way to counter-balance the impact of technology in sport and suggest ways to solve the ‘technological problem’ more generally